Deck 17: Biotechnology

Question 1

Two strands of DNA that have been cut by an endonuclease can be sealed together by a(n)

A)polymerase enzyme.
B)ligase enzyme.
C)exonuclease enzyme.
D)protease enzyme.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The PCR technique requires a DNA polymerase from an organism that can endure high heat, such as Thermus aquaticus.What step of the protocol makes the heat-stability most necessary?

A)Synthesis
B)Primer annealing
C)Denaturation
D)Antibody binding

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Crop plants have been protected from certain insects by the addition of a gene for a specific insect toxin from the bacterium

A)Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
B)Bacillus thuringiensis.
C)Herpes simplex.
D)Pseudomonas.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Small circular, extrachromosomal DNA segments are known as _______.

A)vectors
B)plasmids
C)clones
D)RNA

Question 5

The most recent techniques developed in the biological sciences allow the manipulation of DNA with the ultimate goal of intervening directly with the _______ fate of organisms.

A)genetic
B)developmental
C)adult
D)mitotic

Question 6

A commercially significant human protein now produced in bacteria is

A)hemoglobin.
B)gamma globulins.
C)AZT.
D)human insulin.

Question 7

You have discovered a very small amount of DNA from an ancient organism that you want to save and study.What is the very first thing you should do to allow you to study this DNA in the lab?

A)RT-PCR
B)Gel electrophoresis
C)Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
D)Insert the DNA into a vector

Question 8

The _________ from Agrobacterium tumefaciens is used in genetic engineering involving crop plant genes.

A)restriction endonucleases
B)DNA
C) Ti vector
D) Ti plasmid

Question 9

Single-stranded ends generated by the same restriction enzyme are complementary to each other.They can be joined together,

A)even when the source of the DNA is different.
B)only when the source of the DNA is the same.
C)but the "sticky ends" will most likely have to be modified.
D)but the hybridization of the two ends may cause a problem with cloning.

Question 10

Bacterial plasmids and artificial chromosomes are used as ______ to insert foreign DNA into host cells and create recombinant genomes.

A)clones
B)vectors
C)endonucleases
D)subunits

Question 11

An enzyme that has been isolated from retroviruses and is used to generate cDNA is

A)transverse ligase.
B)reverse transcriptase.
C)reverse endonuclease.
D)recombinant RNase.

Question 12

Identify a sequence that is most likely to be recognized by a restriction enzyme.

A)CGATGC
B)CCCTTT
C)TGGCCA
D)TCATCA

Question 13

Single-stranded complementary tails that are produced by restriction digestion are called ______ ends.

A)sticky
B)orphaned
C)vectors
D)5'

Question 14

The most common way to follow bacterial transformation with a plasmid is by

A)manufacturing the bacterial protein.
B)conferring antibiotic resistance.
C)separating the altered cell surface.
D)making the cells immortal.

Question 15

Gel ________ is a process that separates DNA or protein fragments according to their size, by causing them to migrate within a gel in response to an electric field.

A)duplication
B)blotting
C)electrophoresis
D)migration

Question 16

Restriction enzymes are

A)proteases.
B)lipases.
C)endonucleases.
D)exonucleases.

Question 17

All of the following involve molecular biology techniques except

A)ligating DNA fragments together.
B)using restriction enzymes to cut specific sequences of DNA.
C)using a DNA polymerase to copy DNA via PCR.
D)creation of Okazaki fragments.

Question 18

A key difference between transforming plant cells and human cells is

A)genes to be expressed in human cells require a eukaryotic promoter, and genes to be expressed in plants don't.
B)DNA cannot be introduced into human cells.
C)Agrobacterium is commonly used as a tool to directly transform plant cells but not human cells.
D)a vector is needed to introduce DNA into human cells and not plant cells.

Question 19

Enzymes that cleave DNA at specific sites are called _____________.

A)vectors
B)peptidases
C)restriction endonucleases
D)DNAses

Question 20

You want to insert your favorite gene, which has been digested with Ncol endonuclease on both ends, into a vector.Ncol recognizes the DNA sequence C*CATGG.The vector you want to use contains many endonuclease recognition sites, but does not include an Ncol site.Which restriction endonuclease would be the most suitable replacement to digest the vector?

A)Sphl - G*CATGC
B)Sunl - C*GTACG
C)Kpnl - GGTAC*C
D)CViAll - C*ATG

Question 21

Technique used to amplify a desired piece of DNA.

A)gel electrophoresis
B)RFLP
C)PCR
D)plasmids

Question 22

A 6.85 kb EcoRI fragment of DNA is shown below.The location of several restriction sites is indicated.Scale is approximate. If you were to completely digest this fragment of DNA with PstI, how many pieces of DNA would you obtain?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 23

A 6.85 kb EcoRI fragment of DNA is shown below.The location of several restriction sites is indicated.Scale is approximate. If you were to digest this DNA with PstI, which length of DNA fragment would migrate the fastest on an agarose gel?

A)803
B)2622
C)3425
D)235

Question 24

A certain wastewater treatment plant uses aerobic bacteria, anaerobic bacteria, and archaebacteria during secondary treatment of sewage.Unfortunately, during a bad blizzard the aerated tanks froze, killing the microbes inside.What is likely to result?

A)Floc levels will diminish.
B)Methane production will go down.
C)Solid material will not be effectively filtered out.
D)Floc will not be effectively filtered out.

Question 25

Which type of disease is LEAST likely to be able to be treated using genome editing with TALEN or CRISPR?

A)Trisomy-21
B)Leukemia
C)Cystic fibrosis
D)Huntingtons

Question 26

An immunoassay was developed to rapidly diagnose patients infected with an emerging virus.However, the researchers discovered that some individuals were producing false negatives when tested, despite being infected with the virus.What might explain this?

A)Rapid evolution of the viral antigen
B)Changes in the length of the viral DNA
C)Number of genome copies carried in each virion
D)Changes in the antibody produced by the virus

Question 27

You are the scientific consultant for a television show about forensic analysis.In an upcoming episode, investigators will compare the DNA of a suspect and a DNA sample collected from the victim's fingernails.You are to write up a brief explanation of the technique required for comparing the DNA.Which technique should you explain?

A)DNA fingerprinting
B)Fluorescent in situ hybridization
C)RNAi
D)RT-PCR

Question 28

Investigators have found a new species bacteria that lives under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions.They hypothesize that different genes are expressed in each condition.What experiment could test this hypothesis and identify important genes?

A)Completely sequence the genome of the bacteria in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions
B)Collect mRNA from both anaerobic and aerobic conditions and generate two cDNA libraries
C)Measure levels of RNA Polymerase in both conditions
D)Design primers to a specific region of the genome and sequence this region during both anaerobic and aerobic conditions

Question 29

A friend makes the argument that transgenic crops have only been used to enrich large corporations, not to improve people's health.What is the best counterexample?

A)Golden rice
B)Bt maize
C)Glyphosate-resistant soybeans
D)Cre-Lox

Question 30

A farmer is growing glyphosate-resistant transgenic soybeans.What are you unlikely to see in those fields during the growing season?

A)A tilling machine
B)Caterpillars
C)Field mice
D)Irrigation

Question 31

An insecticidal protein has been discovered in a bacterium known as

A)Escherichia coli.
B)Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
C)Bacillus thuringiensis.
D)Aspergillus sp.

Question 32

In some ciliate protozoa, the codons UAA and UAG encode glutamate, rather than acting as STOP codons.How does this compare to other species?

A)This is unusual - almost all species share the same "universal" genetic code.
B)This is typical - every species has its own unique genetic code.
C)This is not unusual - while most species have a similar genetic code, there are often variations for some of the amino acids.

Question 33

Which of the following two enzymes are needed to construct a cDNA library?

A)reverse transcriptase and DNA ligase
B)reverse transcriptase and Taq polymerase
C)DNA ligase and Taq polymerase
D)Taq polymerase and RNA polymerase

Question 34

Three scientists are using different forms of PCR for their research.Abby wants to determine changes in gene expression levels in a tissue, so she uses ______.Bob is trying to extract genetic information from a wooly mammoth fossil, so he uses ______.Chris needs to express a gene in bacteria that matches the form expressed in kidney cells, so she uses ______.

A)Quantitative RT-PCR; PCR; RT-PCR
B)PCR; quantitative RT-PCR; RT-PCR
C)RT-PCR; PCR; quantitative RT-PCR
D)RT-PCR; quantitative RT-PCR; PCR

Question 35

A medical researcher is trying to develop a diagnostic technique for a disease which is characterized by replication of a particular chromosomal region.What would be the most appropriate technique?

A)FISH
B)Gene chip
C)Genome sequencing
D)White blood cell count

Question 36

Imagine that a very unusual animal species had the ability to make its own aromatic amino acids using a 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase enzyme similar to that of plants.What would happen if this animal foraged in a field of glyphosate-resistant plants?

A)No effect.
B)They would become sick from the glyphosate that was sprayed on the plants.
C)They would also become glyphosate-resistant.
D)They would no longer need to make their own aromatic amino acids.

Question 37

Which of the following types of information would be most useful in an effort to move a DNA fragment from one plasmid vector to another, using molecular cloning techniques?

A)DNA fingerprint data
B)sequence of PCR primers
C)data from cloning of Dolly the sheep
D)restriction maps of the plasmids

Question 38

A researcher wants to create a mouse model for a disease, to allow her team to study possible therapies.The disease is known to be caused by a small deletion that removes a certain gene.Which type of mouse would be the best choice for this purpose?

A)Knockout mouse
B)Knockin mouse
C)Conditional knockout mouse activated by a drug
D)Mutant derived by traditional forward genetics screen

Question 39

A fourth type of restriction enzyme is identified that cleaves at precise locations like a type II enzyme, but it also occasionally makes mistakes and cuts elsewhere.Would this type of enzyme be a useful enzyme to use in molecular cloning?

A)Yes, because it cuts correctly sometimes.
B)No, because it is a precise enzyme.
C)No, because cutting mistakes could lead to incorrect cloning.
D)Yes, because cutting mistakes don't matter in molecular cloning.