Deck 2: Graphical Descriptive Techniques I

Question 1

Whether or not you are over the age of 21 is a nominal variable.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Your final grade in a course (A, B, C, D, E) is a nominal variable.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

All calculations are permitted on what type of data?

A) Interval data
B) Nominal data
C) Ordinal data
D) All of these choices are true.

Answer 3

Interval data

Question 4

The classification of student class designation (freshman, sophomore, junior, senior) is an example of a(n)

A) nominal random variable.
B) interval random variable.
C) ordinal random variable.
D) a parameter.

Question 5

Nominal data are also called qualitative or categorical.

Question 6

Values must represent ordered rankings for what type of data?

A) Interval data
B) Nominal data
C) Ordinal data
D) None of these choices.

Question 7

All calculations are permitted on interval data.

Question 8

Your age group (1-9; 10-19; 20-29; 30-39; etc.) is an interval variable.

Question 9

The values of quantitative data are categories.

Question 10

The classification of student major (accounting, economics, management, marketing, other) is an example of a(n)

A) nominal random variable.
B) interval random variable.
C) continuous random variable.
D) parameter.

Question 11

Interval data, such as heights, weights, incomes, and distances, are also referred to as quantitative or numerical data.

Question 12

Your age is an interval variable.

Question 13

With nominal data, there is one and only one way the possible values can be ordered.

Question 14

For what type of data are frequencies the only calculations that can be done?

A) Interval data
B) Nominal data
C) Ordinal data
D) None of these choices.

Question 15

For which type of data are the values arbitrary numbers?

A) Interval data
B) Nominal data
C) Ordinal data
D) None of these choices.

Question 16

Interval data may be treated as ordinal or nominal.

Question 17

Your gender is a nominal variable.

Question 18

A variable is some characteristic of a population or sample.

Question 19

You cannot calculate and interpret differences between numbers assigned to ordinal data.

Question 20

A researcher wishes to estimate the textbook costs of first-year students at Barry University.To do so, he recorded the textbook cost of 300 first-year students and found that their average textbook cost was $195 per semester.The variable of interest to the researcher is

A) textbook cost.
B) class rank.
C) number of students.
D) name of university.

Question 21

A bar chart is used to represent interval data.

Question 22

Which of the following statements about pie charts is false?

A) A pie chart is a graphical representation of a relative frequency distribution.
B) You can always determine frequencies for each category by looking at a pie chart.
C) The total percentage of all the slices of a pie chart is 100%.
D) The area of a slice of a pie chart is the proportion of all the individuals that fall into that particular category.

Question 23

The Chief of Police conducted a survey of the officers on his squad.An officer's shooting score at target practice is an example of a(n) ____________________ variable.

Question 24

Bar and pie charts are graphical techniques for nominal data.The former focus the attention on the frequency of the occurrences of each category, and the later emphasizes the proportion of occurrences of each category.

Question 25

Explain the difference between ordinal data and interval data.

Question 26

For each of the following examples, identify the data type as nominal, ordinal, or interval.
a.
The final grade received by a student in a neuro-science class.
b.
The number of students in a Physics course.
c.
The starting salary of a PhD graduate.
d.
The size of an order of fries (small, medium, large, super-size) purchased by a Burger King customer.
e.
The college you are enrolled in (Arts and Sciences, Business, Education, etc.).

Question 27

Before leaving a particular restaurant, customers are asked to respond to the questions listed below.For each question, determine whether the possible responses are interval, nominal, or ordinal.
a.
What is the approximate distance (in miles) between this restaurant and your residence?
b.
Have you ever eaten at this restaurant before?
c.
On how many occasions have you eaten at the restaurant before?
d.
Which of the following attributes of this restaurant do you find most attractive: service, prices, quality of the food, or the menu?
e.
What is your overall rating of the restaurant: excellent, good, fair, or poor?

Question 28

A relative frequency distribution lists the categories and their counts.

Question 29

The final grade received in a Literature course (A, B, C, D, or F) is an example of a(n) ____________________ variable.

Question 30

One of the advantages of a pie chart is that it clearly shows that the total percentages of all the categories add to 100%.

Question 31

Provide one example of ordinal data; one example of nominal data; and one example of interval data.

Question 32

At the end of a safari, the tour guide asks the vacationers to respond to the questions listed below.For each question, determine whether the possible responses are interval, nominal, or ordinal.
a.
How many safaris have you taken prior to this one?
b.
Do you feel that your tour safari lasted sufficiently long (yes/no)?
c.
Which of the following features of the accommodations did you find most attractive: location, facilities, room size, service, or price?
d.
What is the maximum number of hours per day that you would like to spend traveling?
e.
Is your overall rating of this safari: excellent, good, fair, or poor?

Question 33

The Dean of Students conducted a survey on campus.The gender of each student is an example of a(n) ____________________ variable.

Question 34

A frequency distribution lists the categories and the proportion with which each occurs.

Question 35

From a pie chart you are able to find the frequency for each category.

Question 36

In purchasing an automobile, there are a number of variables to consider.The body style of the car (sedan, coupe, wagon, etc.) is an example of a(n) ____________________ variable.

Question 37

Give an example of interval data that can also be treated as ordinal data and nominal data.

Question 38

The Dean of Students conducted a survey on campus.Class rank (Freshman, Sophomore, Junior, and Senior) is an example of a(n) ____________________ variable.

Question 39

In purchasing a used computer, there are a number of variables to consider.The age of the computer is an example of a(n) ____________________ variable.

Question 40

Explain why religious preference is not an ordinal variable.

Question 41

A(n) ____________________ chart is often used to display frequencies; a(n) ____________________ chart graphically shows relative frequencies.

Question 42

Which of the following situations is best suited for a pie chart?

A) The number of dollars spent this year on each type of legal gambling.
B) The percentage of a charitable donation that goes to administrative costs vs.directly to the charity.
C) The number of students in your class who received an A, B, C, D, F on their exam.
D) All of these choices are true.

Question 43

Car buyers were asked to indicate the car dealer they believed offered the best overall service.The four choices were Contour Motors (C), Modern Chrysler (M), Tonneau Auto (T), and Uncanny Chevrolet (U).The following data were obtained: What percentage of car buyers identified Contour Motors as having the best overall service?

A) 1/4 = 0.25 or 25%
B) 14/40 = 0.35 or 35%
C) 14%
D) None of these choices.

Question 44

Car Buyers
Forty car buyers were asked to indicate which car dealer offered the best overall service.The four choices were Contour Motors (C), Modern Chrysler (M), Tonneau Auto (T), and Uncanny Chevrolet (U).The following data were obtained:

{Car Buyers Narrative} Construct a frequency bar chart of this data.Which car dealer came in last place in terms of overall service?

Question 45

In a pie chart, each slice is proportional to the ____________________ of individuals in that category.

Question 46

Suppose you measure the number of minutes it takes an employee to complete a task, where the maximum allowed time is 5 minutes, and each time is rounded to the nearest minute.Data from 130 employees is summarized below.How long did it take most employees to complete the task?

A) 5 minutes
B) 3 minutes
C) 30 minutes
D) 50 minutes

Question 47

Identify the type of data for which each of the following graphs is appropriate.
a.
Pie chart
b.
Bar chart

Question 48

We can summarize nominal data in a table that presents the categories and their counts.This table is called a(n) ____________________ distribution.

Question 49

A category in a pie chart that contains 50% of the observations is represented by a slice of the pie that is equal to ____________________ degrees.

Question 50

Two types of graphs that organize nominal data are ____________________ and ____________________.

Question 51

Car Buyers
Forty car buyers were asked to indicate which car dealer offered the best overall service.The four choices were Contour Motors (C), Modern Chrysler (M), Tonneau Auto (T), and Uncanny Chevrolet (U).The following data were obtained:

{Car Buyers Narrative} Construct a pie chart of this data.Which car dealer offered the best overall service?

Question 52

Business School Graduates
A sample of business school graduates were asked what their major was.The results are shown in the following frequency distribution.

{Business School Graduates Narrative} How many graduates were surveyed?

Question 53

A bar chart is used to represent ____________________ data.

Question 54

Which situation identifies when to use pie charts and/or bar charts?

A) You want to describe a single set of data.
B) Your data is nominal.
C) You want to show the number or the percentage of individuals in each category.
D) All of these choices are true.

Question 55

A pie chart shows the ____________________ of individuals that fall into each category.

Question 56

Twenty-five voters participating in a recent election exit poll in Minnesota were asked to state their political party affiliation.Coding the data as R for Republican, D for Democrat, and I for Independent, the data collected were as follows: I, R, D, I, R, I, I, D, R, I, I, D, R, R, I, D, I, R, I, D, I, D, R, R, and I.Construct a frequency bar chart from this data.What does the bar chart tell you about the political affiliations of those in this sample?

Question 57

A(n) ____________________ chart is not able to show frequencies.It can only show relative frequencies.

Question 58

A(n) ____________________ distribution lists the categories of a nominal variable and the proportion with which each occurs.

Question 59

A pie chart is used to represent ____________________ data.

Question 60

Business School Graduates
A sample of business school graduates were asked what their major was.The results are shown in the following frequency distribution.

{Business School Graduates Narrative} Draw a pie chart to summarize this data.Which major was the most popular?

Question 61

Business School Graduates
A sample of business school graduates were asked what their major was.The results are shown in the following frequency distribution.

{Business School Graduates Narrative} If you were only given the frequency bar chart below, would you able to reconstruct the original observations in the data set?

Question 62

Business School Graduates
A sample of business school graduates were asked what their major was.The results are shown in the following frequency distribution.

{Business School Graduates Narrative} Draw a pie chart of this data.Are you able to reconstruct the original data from this pie chart alone?

Question 63

When studying the responses to two nominal questions, we should develop a

A) cross-classification table.
B) frequency distribution table.
C) cumulative percentage distribution table.
D) scatter diagram.

Question 64

The bar charts below summarize data collected on 100 adults regarding gender and pet ownership.Which of the following statements is (are) true based on this chart?

A) Gender and pet ownership are related; a higher percentage of males own pets than females.
B) Gender and pet ownership are related; a higher percentage of females own pets than males.
C) Gender and pet ownership are related; males and females own the same percentage of pets.
D) Gender and pet ownership are not related.

Question 65

In the following cross-classification table, gender and fantasy baseball participation are related.

Question 66

If two nominal variables are unrelated, then the patterns exhibited in their corresponding bar charts should be approximately the same.If some relationship exists, then some bar charts will differ from others.

Question 67

Two hundred males and two hundred females were asked whether or not college baseball should have a playoff system (yes/no/undecided).Pie charts of the responses for males vs.females are shown below.Which of the following describes the relationship between gender and opinion?

A) A higher percentage of males want a playoff system compared to females.
B) More males than females are undecided on this issue.
C) Gender and opinion on a playoff system are related.
D) All of these choices are true.

Question 68

A cross-classification table summarizes data from two nominal variables.

Question 69

Suppose you measure the number of minutes it takes an employee to complete a task, where the maximum allowed time is 5 minutes, and each time is rounded to the nearest minute.Data from 130 employees is summarized below.Construct a frequency bar chart and a pie chart from this data.How long did it take most employees to complete the task?

Question 70

A statistics professor classifies his students according to their grade point average (GPA) and their gender.The resulting cross-classification table is shown below. Which of the following describes the relationship between GPA and gender shown by this table?

A) A higher percentage of females have GPAs over 3.5, compared to males.
B) A lower percentage of females have GPAs over 3.5, compared to males.
C) Females and males each have the same percentage of GPAs over 3.5.
D) You cannot compare male and female GPAs because the total number in each group is not the same.

Question 71

If the relative frequencies in the rows of a cross-classification table are similar, then the two variables shown in the table are not related.

Question 72

A survey of 100 adults was conducted to see if gender is related to pet ownership.The results are summarized in the bar chart below.Which of the following statements describes the relationship?

A) Pet ownership and gender are not related.
B) More males own pets than don't own pets.
C) Fewer females own pets than don't own pets.
D) None of these choices.

Question 73

The percentage of observations in each combination of the cross-classification table must be equal in order to show two nominal variables are not related.

Question 74

A cross-classification table is the same thing as two frequency distribution tables, one for each variable.

Question 75

To describe the relationship between two nominal variables you make a scatter diagram and look for a correlation.

Question 76

A college professor classifies his students according to their grade point average (GPA) and their gender.The resulting cross-classification table is shown below.
If you made a pie chart for male GPAs and a pie chart for female GPAs, those pie charts would look the same.

Question 77

Which of the following techniques can be used to explore relationships between two nominal variables?

A) Comparing the relative frequencies within a cross-classification table.
B) Comparing pie charts, one for each column (or row).
C) Comparing bar charts, one for each column (or row).
D) All of these choices are true.

Question 78

If two nominal variables are unrelated, then the patterns exhibited in their corresponding pie charts should be approximately the same.If some relationship exists, then some pie charts will differ from others.

Question 79

In the following cross-classification table, how are gender and house ownership related?

A) The percentage of house owners is higher for males than for females.
B) The percentage of house owners is higher for females than for males.
C) The percentage of house owners is the same for females and males.
D) You cannot compare percentages for males and females since the total frequencies are not equal.

Question 80

In the following cross-classification table, gender and car ownership are related.