Deck 2: Descriptive Statistics: Tabular and Graphical Displays

Question 1

In constructing a frequency distribution, the approximate class width is computed as

A)(largest data value - smallest data value)/number of classes
B)(largest data value - smallest data value)/sample size
C)(smallest data value - largest data value)/sample size
D)largest data value/number of classes

Answer 1

(largest data value - smallest data value)/number of classes

Question 2

The sum of the relative frequencies for all classes will always equal

A)the sample size
B)the number of classes
C)one
D)any value larger than one

Answer 2

one

Question 3

A cumulative relative frequency distribution shows

A)the proportion of data items with values less than or equal to the upper limit of each class
B)the proportion of data items with values less than or equal to the lower limit of each class
C)the percentage of data items with values less than or equal to the upper limit of each class
D)the percentage of data items with values less than or equal to the lower limit of each class

Answer 3

the proportion of data items with values less than or equal to the upper limit of each class

Question 4

The relative frequency of a class is computed by

A)dividing the cumulative frequency of the class by n
B)dividing n by cumulative frequency of the class
C)dividing the frequency of the class by n
D)dividing the frequency of the class by the number of classes

Question 5

A researcher is gathering data from four geographical areas designated: South = 1; North = 2; East = 3; West = 4. The designated geographical regions represent

A)categorical data
B)quantitative data
C)label data
D)either quantitative or categorical data

Question 6

Fifteen percent of the students in a school of Business Administration are majoring in Economics, 20% in Finance, 35% in Management, and 30% in Accounting. The graphical device(s) which can be used to present these data is (are)

A)a line chart
B)only a bar chart
C)only a pie chart
D)both a bar chart and a pie chart

Question 7

The percent frequency of a class is computed by

A)multiplying the relative frequency by 10
B)dividing the relative frequency by 100
C)multiplying the relative frequency by 100
D)adding 100 to the relative frequency

Question 8

The difference between the lower class limits of adjacent classes provides the

A)number of classes
B)class limits
C)class midpoint
D)class width

Question 9

In a cumulative frequency distribution, the last class will always have a cumulative frequency equal to

A)one
B)100%
C)the total number of elements in the data set
D)None of these alternatives is correct.

Question 10

The relative frequency of a class is computed by

A)dividing the midpoint of the class by the sample size
B)dividing the frequency of the class by the midpoint
C)dividing the sample size by the frequency of the class
D)dividing the frequency of the class by the sample size

Question 11

The total number of data items with a value less than the upper limit for the class is given by the

A)frequency distribution
B)relative frequency distribution
C)cumulative frequency distribution
D)cumulative relative frequency distribution

Question 12

A frequency distribution is

A)a tabular summary of a set of data showing the relative frequency
B)a graphical form of representing data
C)a tabular summary of a set of data showing the frequency of items in each of several nonoverlapping classes
D)a graphical device for presenting categorical data

Question 13

The sum of the percent frequencies for all classes will always equal

A)one
B)the number of classes
C)the number of items in the study
D)100

Question 14

If several frequency distributions are constructed from the same data set, the distribution with the widest class width will have the

A)fewest classes
B)most classes
C)same number of classes as the other distributions since all are constructed from the same data

Question 15

A tabular summary of a set of data showing the fraction of the total number of items in several classes is a

A)frequency distribution
B)relative frequency distribution
C)frequency
D)cumulative frequency distribution

Question 16

The most common graphical presentation of quantitative data is a

A)histogram
B)bar chart
C)relative frequency
D)pie chart

Question 17

A frequency distribution is a tabular summary of data showing the

A)fraction of items in several classes
B)percentage of items in several classes
C)relative percentage of items in several classes
D)number of items in several classes

Question 18

Categorical data can be graphically represented by using a(n)

A)histogram
B)frequency polygon
C)ogive
D)bar chart

Question 19

The sum of frequencies for all classes will always equal

A)1
B)the number of elements in a data set
C)the number of classes
D)a value between 0 and 1

Question 20

In constructing a frequency distribution, as the number of classes are decreased, the class width

A)decreases
B)remains unchanged
C)increases
D)can increase or decrease depending on the data values

Question 21

When a histogram has a longer tail to the right, it is said to be

A)symmetrical
B)skewed to the left
C)skewed to the right
D)none of these alternatives is correct

Question 22

The ___ can be used to show the rank order and shape of a data set simultaneously.

A)ogive
B)pie chart
C)stem-and-leaf display
D)bar chart

Question 23

Which of the following is a graphical summary of a set of data in which each data value is represented by a dot above the axis?

A)histogram
B)box plot
C)dot plot
D)crosstabulation

Question 24

The reversal of conclusions based on aggregate and unaggregated data is called:

A)Simpson's paradox
B)Trim's paradox
C)Poisson dilemma
D)Simon's paradox

Question 25

A histogram is

A)a graphical presentation of a frequency or relative frequency distribution
B)a graphical method of presenting a cumulative frequency or a cumulative relative frequency distribution
C)the history of data elements
D)the same as a pie chart

Question 26

A situation in which conclusions based upon aggregated crosstabulation are different from unaggregated crosstabulation is known as

A)wrong crosstabulation
B)Simpson's rule
C)Simpson's paradox
D)aggregated crosstabulation

Question 27

Which of the following graphical methods shows the relationship between two variables?

A)pie chart
B)ogive
C)crosstabulation
D)dot plot

Question 28

Exhibit 2-4
Michael's Compute-All, a national computer retailer, has kept a record of the number of laptop computers they have sold for a period of 80 days. Their sales records are shown below:
Refer to Exhibit 2-4. The class width of the above distribution is

A)0 to 100
B)20
C)80
D)5

Question 29

A graphical presentation of the relationship between two variables is

A)an ogive
B)a histogram
C)either an ogive or a histogram, depending on the type of data
D)a scatter diagram

Question 30

Exhibit 2-3
A survey of 800 college seniors resulted in the following crosstabulation regarding their undergraduate major and whether or not they plan to go to graduate school.
Refer to Exhibit 2-3. Of those students who are majoring in business, what percentage plans to go to graduate school?

A)27.78
B)8.75
C)70
D)72.22

Question 31

In a cumulative percent frequency distribution, the last class will have a cumulative percent frequency equal to

A)one
B)100
C)the total number of elements in the data set
D)None of these alternatives is correct.

Question 32

A histogram is said to be skewed to the left if it has a

A)longer tail to the right
B)shorter tail to the right
C)shorter tail to the left
D)longer tail to the left

Question 33

Exhibit 2-3
A survey of 800 college seniors resulted in the following crosstabulation regarding their undergraduate major and whether or not they plan to go to graduate school.
Refer to Exhibit 2-3. Among the students who plan to go to graduate school, what percentage indicated "Other" majors?

A)15.75
B)45
C)54
D)35

Question 34

An Ogive is constructed by plotting a point corresponding to the ___ frequency of each class.

A)relative
B)cumulative
C)percent
D)octave

Question 35

Exhibit 2-3
A survey of 800 college seniors resulted in the following crosstabulation regarding their undergraduate major and whether or not they plan to go to graduate school.
Refer to Exhibit 2-3. What percentage of the students does not plan to go to graduate school?

A)280
B)520
C)65
D)32

Question 36

Data that provide labels or names for categories of like items are known as

A)categorical data
B)quantitative data
C)label data
D)category data

Question 37

In a cumulative relative frequency distribution, the last class will have a cumulative relative frequency equal to

A)one
B)zero
C)the total number of elements in the data set
D)None of these alternatives is correct.

Question 38

In a scatter diagram, a line that provides an approximation of the relationship between the variables is known as

A)approximation line
B)trend line
C)line of zero intercept
D)line of zero slope

Question 39

A tabular method that can be used to summarize the data on two variables simultaneously is called

A)simultaneous equations
B)crosstabulation
C)a histogram
D)an ogive

Question 40

Exhibit 2-3
A survey of 800 college seniors resulted in the following crosstabulation regarding their undergraduate major and whether or not they plan to go to graduate school.
Refer to Exhibit 2-3. What percentage of the students' undergraduate major is engineering?

A)292
B)520
C)65
D)36.5

Question 41

The frequency distribution below was constructed from data collected from a group of 25 students.
a.Construct a relative frequency distribution.
b.Construct a cumulative frequency distribution.
c.Construct a cumulative relative frequency distribution.

Question 42

Exhibit 2-4
Michael's Compute-All, a national computer retailer, has kept a record of the number of laptop computers they have sold for a period of 80 days. Their sales records are shown below:
Refer to Exhibit 2-4. The number of days in which the company sold less than 60 laptops is

A)20
B)30
C)50
D)60

Question 43

Thirty students in the School of Business were asked what their majors were. The following represents their responses (M = Management; A = Accounting; E = Economics; O = Others).
a.Construct a frequency distribution and a bar chart.
b.Construct a relative frequency distribution and a pie chart.

Question 44

Below you are given the examination scores of 20 students.
a.Construct a frequency distribution for this data. Let the first class be 50 - 59.
b.Construct a cumulative frequency distribution.
c.Construct a relative frequency distribution.
d.Construct a cumulative relative frequency distribution.

Question 45

The following data shows the price of PAO, Inc. stock over the last 8 months.
a.Develop a scatter diagram and draw a trend line through the points.
b.What kind of relationship exists between stock price and time (negative, positive, or no relation)?

Question 46

Five hundred recent graduates indicated their majors as follows.
a.Construct a relative frequency distribution.
b.Construct a percent frequency distribution.

Question 47

For the following observations, plot a scatter diagram and indicate what kind of relationship (if any) exist between x and y.

Question 48

Exhibit 2-4
Michael's Compute-All, a national computer retailer, has kept a record of the number of laptop computers they have sold for a period of 80 days. Their sales records are shown below:
Refer to Exhibit 2-4. If one develops a cumulative frequency distribution for the above data, the last class will have a frequency of

A)10
B)100
C)0 to 100
D)80

Question 49

The frequency distribution below was constructed from data collected on the quarts of soft drinks consumed per week by 20 students.
a.Construct a relative frequency distribution.
b.Construct a cumulative frequency distribution.
c.Construct a cumulative relative frequency distribution.

Question 50

Exhibit 2-4
Michael's Compute-All, a national computer retailer, has kept a record of the number of laptop computers they have sold for a period of 80 days. Their sales records are shown below:
Refer to Exhibit 2-4. The percentage of days in which the company sold at least 40 laptops is

A)37.5%
B)62.5%
C)90.0%
D)75.0%

Question 51

There are 800 students in the School of Business Administration. There are four majors in the School: Accounting, Finance, Management, and Marketing. The following shows the number of students in each major. Develop a percent frequency distribution and construct a bar chart and a pie chart.

Question 52

The ACT scores of a sample of business school students and their genders are shown below.
a.How many students scored less than 20?
b.How many students were female?
c.Of the male students, how many scored 25 or more?
d.Compute row percentages and comment on any relationship that may exist between ACT scores and gender of the individuals.
e.Compute column percentages.

Question 53

Exhibit 2-4
Michael's Compute-All, a national computer retailer, has kept a record of the number of laptop computers they have sold for a period of 80 days. Their sales records are shown below:
Refer to Exhibit 2-4. The lower limit of the first class is

A)5
B)80
C)0
D)20

Question 54

A sample of the ages of 10 employees of a company is shown below. Construct a dot plot for the above data.

Question 55

Forty shoppers were asked if they preferred the weight of a can of soup to be 6 ounces, 8 ounces, or 10 ounces. Below you are given their responses.
a.Construct a frequency distribution and graphically represent the frequency distribution.
b.Construct a relative frequency distribution and graphically represent the relative frequency distribution.

Question 56

A student has completed 20 courses in the School of Arts and Sciences. Her grades in the 20 courses are shown below.
a.Develop a frequency distribution and a bar chart for her grades.
b.Develop a relative frequency distribution for her grades and construct a pie chart.

Question 57

You are given the following data on the ages of employees at a company. Construct a stem-and-leaf display.

Question 58

For the following observations, plot a scatter diagram and indicate what kind of relationship (if any) exist between x and y.

Question 59

A sample of 50 TV viewers were asked, "Should TV sponsors pull their sponsorship from programs that draw numerous viewer complaints?" Below are the results of the survey. (Y = Yes; N = No; W = Without Opinion)
a.Construct a frequency distribution and a bar chart.
b.Construct a relative frequency distribution and a pie chart.

Question 60

Construct a stem-and-leaf display for the following data.

Question 61

A survey of 400 college seniors resulted in the following crosstabulation regarding their undergraduate major and whether or not they plan to go to graduate school.
a.Are a majority of the seniors in the survey planning to attend graduate school?
b.Which discipline constitutes the majority of the individuals in the survey?
c.Compute row percentages and comment on the relationship between the students' undergraduate major and their intention of attending graduate school.
d.Compute the column percentages and comment on the relationship between the students' intention of going to graduate school and their undergraduate major.

Question 62

The following data set shows the number of hours of sick leave that some of the employees of Bastien's, Inc. have taken during the first quarter of the year (rounded to the nearest hour).
a.Develop a frequency distribution for the above data. (Let the width of your classes be 10 units and start your first class as 10 - 19.)
b.Develop a relative frequency distribution and a percent frequency distribution for the data.
c.Develop a cumulative frequency distribution.
d.How many employees have taken less than 40 hours of sick leave?