Deck 16: Renewable Energy Alternatives

Question 1

What is the most reasonable explanation for the recent trend in dolphin numbers in the eastern Pacific, as shown in part (b)?

A) Dolphins are not federally protected, and therefore their populations have not recovered.
B) Dolphin populations have not recovered because humans have caught much of their prey, reducing the number of fish that are available to eat.
C) Tuna fleets still catch a considerable number of dolphins as bycatch, so their numbers have not recovered.
D) Although dolphins are no longer being caught as bycatch, their populations have not recovered because fleets are now fishing for these dolphins.
E) Dolphin populations have not recovered because an Ebola -like pathogen has been decimating their populations.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Where would you find a kelp forest?

A) in a silty coastal area
B) in a coral reef
C) along a continental shelf
D) in an estuary
E) in a salt marsh

Answer 2

C

Question 3

As water warms, it .

A) becomes more alkaline
B) sinks
C) dissolves increased amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere
D) decreases in temperature
E) decreases in density

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Bottom trawling is most likely to harm .

A) estuaries
B) jetliners
C) sea turtles such as giant leatherbacks
D) coral reefs
E) the ocean's photic zone

Question 5

The data in the figures suggest that northeastern offshore spotted dolphins and eastern spinner dolphin populations in the eastern Pacific .

A) have not recovered despite actions taken to protect them
B) are unlikely to recover unless further action is taken to prevent their slaughter
C) have continued declining since "dolphin -safe" labeling was instituted
D) began to recover after the Marine Mammal Protection Act was passed
E) began to recover after "dolphin -safe" labeling was instituted

Question 6

If you are a marine biologist who wants to study organisms that are capable of chemosynthesis, where would you collect organisms for your research?

A) near deep -ocean hydrothermal vents
B) in mangrove forests
C) in kelp forests
D) in the pelagic zone
E) in estuaries

Question 7

The Oil Pollution Act of 1990 .

A) increased gas taxes to pay for the Exxon Valdez spill
B) was a global treaty signed by all oil -transporting nations
C) required that by 2015 all oil tankers in U.S. water be double hulled
D) restricted oil movement to land rather than sea
E) is not effective at altering national oil incidents

Question 8

All of the following statements about mangroves are true EXCEPT .

A) mangroves have root systems that can act as snorkels for getting oxygen from the air
B) mangroves and kelp are usually found growing in the same area
C) mangroves are adapted to growing in a salty environment
D) mangroves protect shorelines from tsunamis and storm surges
E) mangrove forests are often destroyed to build shrimp aquaculture facilities

Question 9

All of the following are true of ocean currents EXCEPT .

A) they are always rapid and powerful
B) they are driven by wind
C) they are driven by density differences
D) they are driven by temperature
E) they are driven by gravity

Question 10

involves the exceptionally strong warming of the eastern Pacific.

A) A La Niña event
B) A Pacific shallow -water warming event
C) The Coriolis effect
D) A Pacific deep -water warming event
E) An El Niño event

Question 11

What are groundfish?

A) various species that live in littoral habitats, such as tuna and whitefish
B) various species that live in benthic habitats, such as halibut and flounder
C) fish that are ground up and used for bait
D) various species that are found in estuaries
E) fish that form the base of the food web of deep -water habitats

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE of eutrophication in marine systems?

A) It provides needed limiting nutrients.
B) It is rare and occurs only in bad weather.
C) It can aid corals by killing parasites.
D) It can lead to algal blooms and red tides that kill fish.
E) It does not occur.

Question 13

Approximately overexploited. % of the world's marine fish populations are either fully exploited or

A) 20
B) 40
C) 50
D) 60
E) 80

Question 14

Ocean water is saltiest .

A) where there is high evaporation and low precipitation
B) at the equator
C) where there is a large amount of glacial melting
D) where rains are the heaviest
E) in estuaries

Question 15

Oceanographers are studying the thermohaline currents to determine whether .

A) they could be replaced with artificial currents if damaged by changing temperatures
B) fresh water is more dense than saltwater
C) warm water from polar and glacial melt is affecting the chemistry of the currents
D) global climate change may slow or alter their path
E) ocean water is becoming more acidic

Question 16

The is the area that underlies the shallow water bordering continents.

A) continental shelf
B) surface zone
C) pycnocline
D) bathymetric zone
E) topographic shelf

Question 17

Salt marshes are _.

A) found in temperate intertidal zones
B) found where mangroves grow along shorelines
C) typically found on remote tropical islands
D) typically found wherever violent wave action scours a shoreline
E) too salty (saline) for most species found in the intertidal zone

Question 18

Water in the surface zone of the ocean is, for the most part, .

A) the saltiest
B) low in oxygen
C) the coldest
D) well mixed
E) the densest

Question 19

El Niño and La Niña events .

A) both decrease water temperatures in the eastern Pacific Ocean
B) both increase water temperatures in the eastern Pacific Ocean
C) produce changes of opposite direction in temperature and precipitation patterns
D) occur in precise patterns every 10 years
E) both increase water temperatures in the Gulf of Mexico

Question 20

Zooxanthellae are .

A) symbiotic algae that provide corals with energy via their photosynthetic activity
B) symbiotic bacteria that decompose tissues of dead animals in oceans
C) symbiotic bacteria that fix nitrogen in oceans
D) an invasive species of kelp in the Indian Ocean
E) an endangered species of fish in the Pacific Ocean

Question 21

All of the following are true about aquaculture EXCEPT .

A) aquaculture is currently viewed as not being financially feasible
B) salmon can be raised via aquaculture
C) aquaculture saves on the amount of fuel required to travel to and from fishing areas
D) aquaculture can negatively affect the environment
E) aquaculture helps protect wild populations from being overharvested

Question 22

Which of the following is an example of bycatching?

A) Canadian fishermen switch to catching capelin because of the moratorium on cod fishing.
B) Fishing fleets surround a marine reserve and try to capture any fish entering and leaving the reserve.
C) A shark is captured and killed because it keeps swimming by a crowded public beach.
D) A fishing fleet destroys a coral reef while they bottomtrawl for shellfish.
E) Fishermen accidentally catch sea turtles while drift netting for pelagic fish.

Question 23

Farm -raised shrimp are NOT a good environmental seafood choice because .

A) trawling destroys coral reefs
B) of the bioaccumulation of toxins
C) they require high quantities of wild fish feed
D) of high bycatch
E) shrimp farms are often associated with reduction in mangrove forest habitat

Question 24

In 1992, the Canadian government _ .

A) ordered a ban on cod fishing
B) started harvesting manganese nodules from the ocean floor
C) gave subsidies to fishermen who were losing money owing to low fish harvests
D) enacted laws to protect many species of whales
E) banned the use of trawl fishing

Question 25

In 2006, Congress to address the issue of solid wastes in oceans.

A) passed the Marine Debris Research, Prevention and Reduction Act
B) instituted the FAO
C) first established Marine Protected Areas
D) passed the U.S. Oil Pollution Act
E) passed the Mangrove Protection Act

Question 26

Which of the following should be avoided because of PCB contamination?

A) mussels
B) wild salmon
C) tuna
D) oysters
E) tilapia

Question 27

Most present -day fisheries managers _ .

A) want all laws regarding fishing to be abolished
B) favor protection of commercially valuable species and not others
C) favor short -term solutions to marine ecosystem problems
D) favor taxes on commercial fishing boats
E) wish to set aside areas of ocean where systems can function without human interference

Question 28

All of the following are issues related to the harvesting of orange roughy EXCEPT .

A) overfishing
B) high bycatch
C) habitat destruction
D) toxicity
E) trawling

Question 29

All of the following are allowed in marine protected areas EXCEPT .

A) fishing
B) oil drilling
C) the installation of oil pipelines
D) the harvesting of kelp
E) the laying of fiber -optic cables

Question 30

In the thermohaline circulation systems, surface water is _ .

A) cold and dense
B) driven by winds from north to south
C) warm and dense
D) less salty, less dense, and warmer
E) saltier and colder

Question 31

The rapid melting of Greenland's ice cap could disrupt the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) formation by _.

A) adding excess nutrients to cold northern waters
B) acidifying ocean waters of the North Atlantic
C) adding huge amounts of less dense fresh water to the surface of the North Atlantic
D) adding heat and salt to deep ocean waters in the North Atlantic
E) adding huge amounts of dense fresh water to the deep ocean in the North Atlantic