Question 1

In 1992, the Canadian government _ .

Accepted Answer

A)  ordered a ban on cod fishing 
B)  started harvesting manganese nodules from the ocean floor 
C)  gave subsidies to fishermen who were losing money owing to low fish harvests 
D)  enacted laws to protect many species of whales 
E)  banned the use of trawl fishing 
A)  ordered a ban on cod fishing 
B)  started harvesting manganese nodules from the ocean floor 
C)  gave subsidies to fishermen who were losing money owing to low fish harvests 
D)  enacted laws to protect many species of whales 
E)  banned the use of trawl fishing A

Question 2

involves the exceptionally strong warming of the eastern Pacific.

Accepted Answer

A)  A La Niña event 
B)  A Pacific shallow -water warming event 
C)  The Coriolis effect 
D)  A Pacific deep -water warming event 
E)  An El Niño event 
A)  A La Niña event 
B)  A Pacific shallow -water warming event 
C)  The Coriolis effect 
D)  A Pacific deep -water warming event 
E)  An El Niño event E

Question 3

Oceanographers are studying the thermohaline currents to determine whether .

Accepted Answer

A)  they could be replaced with artificial currents if damaged by changing temperatures 
B)  fresh water is more dense than saltwater 
C)  warm water from polar and glacial melt is affecting the chemistry of the currents 
D)  global climate change may slow or alter their path 
E)  ocean water is becoming more acidic 
A)  they could be replaced with artificial currents if damaged by changing temperatures 
B)  fresh water is more dense than saltwater 
C)  warm water from polar and glacial melt is affecting the chemistry of the currents 
D)  global climate change may slow or alter their path 
E)  ocean water is becoming more acidic D

Question 4

-The data in the figures suggest that northeastern offshore spotted dolphins and eastern spinner dolphin populations in the eastern Pacific .

Accepted Answer

A)  have not recovered despite actions taken to protect them 
B)  are unlikely to recover unless further action is taken to prevent their slaughter 
C)  have continued declining since "dolphin -safe" labeling was instituted 
D)  began to recover after the Marine Mammal Protection Act was passed 
E)  began to recover after "dolphin -safe" labeling was instituted 
A)  have not recovered despite actions taken to protect them 
B)  are unlikely to recover unless further action is taken to prevent their slaughter 
C)  have continued declining since "dolphin -safe" labeling was instituted 
D)  began to recover after the Marine Mammal Protection Act was passed 
E)  began to recover after "dolphin -safe" labeling was instituted

Question 5

Ocean water is saltiest .

Accepted Answer

A)  where there is high evaporation and low precipitation 
B)  at the equator 
C)  where there is a large amount of glacial melting 
D)  where rains are the heaviest 
E)  in estuaries 
A)  where there is high evaporation and low precipitation 
B)  at the equator 
C)  where there is a large amount of glacial melting 
D)  where rains are the heaviest 
E)  in estuaries

Question 6

All of the following are allowed in marine protected areas EXCEPT .

Accepted Answer

A)  fishing 
B)  oil drilling 
C)  the installation of oil pipelines 
D)  the harvesting of kelp 
E)  the laying of fiber -optic cables 
A)  fishing 
B)  oil drilling 
C)  the installation of oil pipelines 
D)  the harvesting of kelp 
E)  the laying of fiber -optic cables

Question 7

All of the following are true of ocean currents EXCEPT .

Accepted Answer

A)  they are always rapid and powerful 
B)  they are driven by wind 
C)  they are driven by density differences 
D)  they are driven by temperature 
E)  they are driven by gravity 
A)  they are always rapid and powerful 
B)  they are driven by wind 
C)  they are driven by density differences 
D)  they are driven by temperature 
E)  they are driven by gravity

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of bycatching?

Accepted Answer

A)  Canadian fishermen switch to catching capelin because of the moratorium on cod fishing. 
B)  Fishing fleets surround a marine reserve and try to capture any fish entering and leaving the reserve. 
C)  A shark is captured and killed because it keeps swimming by a crowded public beach. 
D)  A fishing fleet destroys a coral reef while they bottomtrawl for shellfish. 
E)  Fishermen accidentally catch sea turtles while drift netting for pelagic fish. 
A)  Canadian fishermen switch to catching capelin because of the moratorium on cod fishing. 
B)  Fishing fleets surround a marine reserve and try to capture any fish entering and leaving the reserve. 
C)  A shark is captured and killed because it keeps swimming by a crowded public beach. 
D)  A fishing fleet destroys a coral reef while they bottomtrawl for shellfish. 
E)  Fishermen accidentally catch sea turtles while drift netting for pelagic fish.

Question 9

The is the area that underlies the shallow water bordering continents.

Accepted Answer

A)  continental shelf 
B)  surface zone 
C)  pycnocline 
D)  bathymetric zone 
E)  topographic shelf 
A)  continental shelf 
B)  surface zone 
C)  pycnocline 
D)  bathymetric zone 
E)  topographic shelf

Question 10

-What is the most reasonable explanation for the recent trend in dolphin numbers in the eastern Pacific, as shown in part (b)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dolphins are not federally protected, and therefore their populations have not recovered. 
B)  Dolphin populations have not recovered because humans have caught much of their prey, reducing the number of fish that are available to eat. 
C)  Tuna fleets still catch a considerable number of dolphins as bycatch, so their numbers have not recovered. 
D)  Although dolphins are no longer being caught as bycatch, their populations have not recovered because fleets are now fishing for these dolphins. 
E)  Dolphin populations have not recovered because an Ebola -like pathogen has been decimating their populations. 
A)  Dolphins are not federally protected, and therefore their populations have not recovered. 
B)  Dolphin populations have not recovered because humans have caught much of their prey, reducing the number of fish that are available to eat. 
C)  Tuna fleets still catch a considerable number of dolphins as bycatch, so their numbers have not recovered. 
D)  Although dolphins are no longer being caught as bycatch, their populations have not recovered because fleets are now fishing for these dolphins. 
E)  Dolphin populations have not recovered because an Ebola -like pathogen has been decimating their populations.

Question 11

Which of the following is TRUE of eutrophication in marine systems?

Accepted Answer

A)  It provides needed limiting nutrients. 
B)  It is rare and occurs only in bad weather. 
C)  It can aid corals by killing parasites. 
D)  It can lead to algal blooms and red tides that kill fish. 
E)  It does not occur. 
A)  It provides needed limiting nutrients. 
B)  It is rare and occurs only in bad weather. 
C)  It can aid corals by killing parasites. 
D)  It can lead to algal blooms and red tides that kill fish. 
E)  It does not occur.

Question 12

As water warms, it .

Accepted Answer

A)  becomes more alkaline 
B)  sinks 
C)  dissolves increased amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere 
D)  decreases in temperature 
E)  decreases in density 
A)  becomes more alkaline 
B)  sinks 
C)  dissolves increased amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere 
D)  decreases in temperature 
E)  decreases in density

Question 13

Bottom trawling is most likely to harm .

Accepted Answer

A)  estuaries 
B)  jetliners 
C)  sea turtles such as giant leatherbacks 
D)  coral reefs 
E)  the ocean's photic zone 
A)  estuaries 
B)  jetliners 
C)  sea turtles such as giant leatherbacks 
D)  coral reefs 
E)  the ocean's photic zone

Question 14

-All of the following are issues related to the harvesting of orange roughy EXCEPT .

Accepted Answer

A)  overfishing 
B)  high bycatch 
C)  habitat destruction 
D)  toxicity 
E)  trawling 
A)  overfishing 
B)  high bycatch 
C)  habitat destruction 
D)  toxicity 
E)  trawling

Question 15

Water in the surface zone of the ocean is, for the most part, .

Accepted Answer

A)  the saltiest 
B)  low in oxygen 
C)  the coldest 
D)  well mixed 
E)  the densest 
A)  the saltiest 
B)  low in oxygen 
C)  the coldest 
D)  well mixed 
E)  the densest

Question 16

The Oil Pollution Act of 1990 .

Accepted Answer

A)  increased gas taxes to pay for the Exxon Valdez spill 
B)  was a global treaty signed by all oil -transporting nations 
C)  required that by 2015 all oil tankers in U.S. water be double hulled 
D)  restricted oil movement to land rather than sea 
E)  is not effective at altering national oil incidents 
A)  increased gas taxes to pay for the Exxon Valdez spill 
B)  was a global treaty signed by all oil -transporting nations 
C)  required that by 2015 all oil tankers in U.S. water be double hulled 
D)  restricted oil movement to land rather than sea 
E)  is not effective at altering national oil incidents

Question 17

All of the following statements about mangroves are true EXCEPT .

Accepted Answer

A)  mangroves have root systems that can act as snorkels for getting oxygen from the air 
B)  mangroves and kelp are usually found growing in the same area 
C)  mangroves are adapted to growing in a salty environment 
D)  mangroves protect shorelines from tsunamis and storm surges 
E)  mangrove forests are often destroyed to build shrimp aquaculture facilities 
A)  mangroves have root systems that can act as snorkels for getting oxygen from the air 
B)  mangroves and kelp are usually found growing in the same area 
C)  mangroves are adapted to growing in a salty environment 
D)  mangroves protect shorelines from tsunamis and storm surges 
E)  mangrove forests are often destroyed to build shrimp aquaculture facilities

Question 18

Which of the following should be avoided because of PCB contamination?

Accepted Answer

A)  mussels 
B)  wild salmon 
C)  tuna 
D)  oysters 
E)  tilapia 
A)  mussels 
B)  wild salmon 
C)  tuna 
D)  oysters 
E)  tilapia

Question 19

Zooxanthellae are .

Accepted Answer

A)  symbiotic algae that provide corals with energy via their photosynthetic activity 
B)  symbiotic bacteria that decompose tissues of dead animals in oceans 
C)  symbiotic bacteria that fix nitrogen in oceans 
D)  an invasive species of kelp in the Indian Ocean 
E)  an endangered species of fish in the Pacific Ocean 
A)  symbiotic algae that provide corals with energy via their photosynthetic activity 
B)  symbiotic bacteria that decompose tissues of dead animals in oceans 
C)  symbiotic bacteria that fix nitrogen in oceans 
D)  an invasive species of kelp in the Indian Ocean 
E)  an endangered species of fish in the Pacific Ocean

Question 20

Approximately overexploited. % of the world's marine fish populations are either fully exploited or

Accepted Answer

A)  20 
B)  40 
C)  50 
D)  60 
E)  80 
A)  20 
B)  40 
C)  50 
D)  60 
E)  80

Exam 16: Renewable Energy Alternatives

In 1992, the Canadian government _ .

involves the exceptionally strong warming of the eastern Pacific.

Oceanographers are studying the thermohaline currents to determine whether .

-The data in the figures suggest that northeastern offshore spotted dolphins and eastern spinner dolphin populations in the eastern Pacific .

Ocean water is saltiest .

All of the following are allowed in marine protected areas EXCEPT .

All of the following are true of ocean currents EXCEPT .

Which of the following is an example of bycatching?

The is the area that underlies the shallow water bordering continents.

-What is the most reasonable explanation for the recent trend in dolphin numbers in the eastern Pacific, as shown in part (b)?

Which of the following is TRUE of eutrophication in marine systems?

As water warms, it .

Bottom trawling is most likely to harm .

-All of the following are issues related to the harvesting of orange roughy EXCEPT .

Water in the surface zone of the ocean is, for the most part, .

The Oil Pollution Act of 1990 .

All of the following statements about mangroves are true EXCEPT .

Which of the following should be avoided because of PCB contamination?

Zooxanthellae are .

Approximately overexploited. % of the world's marine fish populations are either fully exploited or

Science and Sustainability: an Introduction to Environmental Science

Environmental Systems: Matter, Energy, and Ecosystems

Evolution, Biodiversity, and Population Ecology

Species Interactions and Community Ecology

Economics, Policy, and Sustainable Development

Human Population

Soil, Agriculture, and the Future of Food

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Forests, Forest Management, and Protected Areas

Environmental Health and Toxicology

Geology, Minerals, and Mining

Fresh Water, Oceans, and Coasts

Atmospheric Science, Air Quality, and Pollution Control

Global Climate Change

Nonrenewable Energy Sources, Their Impacts, and Energy Conservation

Managing Our Waste

The Urban Environment: Creating Sustainable Cities

Sustainable Solutions

Answers to Data Analysis Questions

How to Interpret Graphs

Metric System

Periodic Table of the Elements

Geologic Time Scale Glossary Credits Index

Filters