Deck 8: Recombinant Dna Technology

Question 1

Which of the following methods of inserting DNA into cells might be used on plant seeds?

A) electroporation
B) injection
C) protoplast fusion
D) Both A and C are correct.
E) A, B, and C are correct.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following restriction enzyme sites would produce blunt- ended fragments (the arrow represents the cutting site of the enzyme)?

A) CCC$GGG
B) G$AATTC
C) G$GATCC
D) A$AGCTT
E) C$CGG

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Genomics is

A) the sequencing and analysis of an organism's genetic information.
B) the process of identifying organisms by their unique DNA sequences.
C) the process of locating genes on a DNA molecule.
D) the process of altering organisms by the addition of genes from other organisms.
E) the replacement of missing or defective genes with normal copies.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following is a disadvantage of using plasmids as vectors?

A) They frequently carry undesirable genes such as those for antibiotic resistance.
B) They cannot be used for genetic expression.
C) They are not very stable in cells.
D) The genes they carry have to be relatively small.
E) They are hard to introduce into cells.

Question 5

A northern blot differs from a Southern blot in

A) the type of probe used.
B) the number of genetic sequences detected.
C) the size of the genetic sequences involved.
D) the presence or absence of a nitrocellulose membrane.
E) the type of nucleic acid being isolated.

Question 6

The name of a restriction enzyme can contain all the following items of information EXCEPT:

A) Roman numerals to indicate its order of discovery.
B) the strain of the source bacterium.
C) the specific epithet of the source bacterium.
D) the genus of the source bacterium.
E) the Gram reaction of the source bacterium.

Question 7

If a researcher used E. coli DNA polymerase instead of Thermus aquaticus DNA polymerase in the PCR procedure, what would be the result?

A) PCR would occur twice as fast as normal.
B) PCR would occur more slowly than normal.
C) PCR would not occur at all.
D) Many mistakes would occur.
E) PCR would stop after one cycle.

Question 8

The DNA double helix can be denatured using

A) NaOH.
B) heat.
C) reverse transcriptase.
D) Both A and B are correct.
E) A, B, and C are correct.

Question 9

In the 20th century, scientists harnessed the natural metabolic reactions of bacteria to make which of the following for the first time in an industrial setting?

A) bread
B) acetone
C) cheese
D) alcohol
E) soy sauce

Question 10

The success of genetic engineering is due to enzymes and processes derived from all of the following EXCEPT:

A) chemiosmosis.
B) transformation.
C) transcription.
D) conjugation.
E) transduction.

Question 11

All of the following are required to generate a cDNA library EXCEPT:

A) mRNA.
B) reverse transcriptase.
C) restriction enzyme.
D) DNA primer.
E) a vector.

Question 12

In gel electrophoresis, DNA molecules move toward the _ electrode, because they have an overall
Charge.

A) positive; positive
B) negative; negative
C) negative; positive
D) negative and positive; nonpolar
E) positive; negative

Question 13

The role of restriction enzymes in bacteria is

A) to make conjugation more efficient.
B) to provide the cell with new phenotypes, such as antibiotic resistance.
C) to protect the cell from invading phages.
D) to allow transposons to move to another place in the chromosome.
E) to allow cells to accept foreign DNA.

Question 14

Which of the following procedures might be used to detect the presence of a virus's genetic sequences in a patient's blood?

A) electroporation
B) Southern blotting
C) genome mapping
D) xenotransplantation
E) creation of a gene library

Question 15

All of the following are required for PCR EXCEPT:

A) DNA polymerase.
B) fluorescent probes.
C) double- stranded DNA molecules.
D) deoxyribonucleotides.
E) primers.

Question 16

Which of the following would be an appropriate temperature for the second step of PCR?

A) 100°C
B) 94°C
C) 65°C
D) 37°C
E) 72°C

Question 17

Put the following steps of the production of a recombinant vector, containing a human gene, in order:
I) Introduce the recombinant plasmid into a bacterial cell.
II) Isolate the human gene and the vector DNA using restriction enzymes.
III) Ligate the DNA fragments to produce a recombinant plasmid.
IV) Grow bacterial cells on a medium containing a selective agent (such as an antibiotic).

A) III, I, IV, II
B) I, III, IV, II
C) II, I, III, IV
D) II, III, I, IV
E) III, I, II, IV

Question 18

Which of the following would be an appropriate sequence of temperatures for PCR?

A) 94°C, 65°C, 72°C
B) 94°C, 55°C, 37°C
C) 72°C, 65°C, 94°C
D) 94°C, 37°C, 55°C
E) 65°C, 72°C, 94°C

Question 19

HIV is being considered as a vector for use in humans because

A) it infects only human cells.
B) it inserts itself into human chromosomes.
C) it is cleaved by restriction enzymes.
D) it has a rapid generation time.
E) it kills only human cells.

Question 20

If you began a PCR with a single DNA molecule, how many would you have at the end of 10 PCR cycles?

A) 20
B) 48
C) 1024
D) 200
E) 10

Question 21

Reverse transcriptase synthesizes an RNA molecule from a DNA template.

Question 22

What is the significance of the microbe H. influenzae in genetic technology?

A) It was the first microbe to have its genome completely sequenced.
B) It produces a protein that can serve as a natural insecticide.
C) It is the source of the DNA polymerase used in PCR.
D) It was the first cellular microbe to have its entire gene map completed.
E) It is an excellent vector for inserting genes into human cells.

Question 23

A thermocycler is used for which of the following techniques?

A) Southern blotting
B) DNA microarrays
C) PCR
D) protoplast fusion
E) electroporation

Question 24

Which of the following microbes has been genetically engineered to contain a protein that helps protect crops from freezing?

A) Bacillus thuringiensis
B) Salmonella
C) Pseudomonas
D) E. coli
E) Deinococcus radiodurans

Question 25

An antigen is

A) a foreign substance that stimulates immunity.
B) a substance used to make gels for DNA electrophoresis.
C) a naturally occurring insecticide.
D) a genetic marker found in most plasmids.
E) a molecule necessary for PCR.

Question 26

"In vitro" means

A) "in life."
B) "within an organism."
C) "within glassware."
D) "in the cell."
E) "from a stranger."

Question 27

Which of the following microbes produces a protein that kills a variety of insect pests?

A) Plasmodium falciparum
B) Bacillus thuringiensis
C) Pseudomonas
D) Thermus aquaticus
E) Haemophilus influenzae

Question 28

Gene therapy for human genetic diseases has not been successful yet.

Question 29

The number of DNA molecules produced during PCR increases exponentially.

Question 30

All of the following are applications of transgenic organisms EXCEPT:

A) tomato plants that contain a gene for salt tolerance.
B) "Roundup ready" soybeans and cotton.
C) bacteria engineered to prevent ice crystals from forming on crops.
D) crops that produce Bt toxin.
E) human hearts repaired with pig heart valves.

Question 31

What is the significance of the microbe Deinococcus radiodurans?

A) It is the source of a wide variety of restriction enzymes.
B) It may provide clues to methods of reversing genetic damage in many cancer patients.
C) It can be engineered as a highly efficient vaccine vector.
D) It is now known to be a major source of greenhouse gases such as methane.
E) It has provided many of the molecular tools that make recombinant DNA technology possible.

Question 32

All of the following are possible applications of DNA fingerprinting EXCEPT:

A) identifying human remains.
B) identifying pathogens.
C) linking crime scene specimens to suspects.
D) replacing defective genes with normal copies.
E) paternity testing.

Question 33

Circular DNA molecules are generally less stable inside cells than are linear molecules.

Question 34

Subunit vaccines are safer than traditional vaccines because

A) they are not at risk for carrying the disease.
B) they are acellular.
C) they are administered in food.
D) Both A and C are correct.
E) A, B, and C are correct.

Question 35

Microarrays are

A) used for disease identification.
B) used to look at functional genomics.
C) used for sequencing genomes.
D) Both A and B are correct.
E) A, B, and C are correct.

Question 36

The process of introducing animal organs into the human body is

A) biotechnology.
B) protoplast fusion.
C) electrophoresis.
D) xenotransplantation.
E) recombinant DNA technology.

Question 37

Protoplasts are associated with which of the following?

A) xenotransplants
B) electroporation
C) PCR
D) gene therapy
E) Southern blotting

Question 38

Large DNA molecules such as chromosomes are easier to work with than small molecules.

Question 39

If all of the following DNA fragments were analyzed on an electrophoresis gel, which one would migrate the slowest?

A) 250 base pairs
B) 2500 base pairs
C) 5000 base pairs
D) 1000 base pairs
E) 750 base pairs

Question 40

Agarose

A) is used in gel electrophoresis.
B) acts as a molecular sieve.
C) is a purified sugar component of agar.
D) Both B and C are correct.
E) A, B, and C are correct.

Question 41

A(n) is a collection of bacterial or phage clones, each of which contains a portion of a genetic region of interest.

Question 42

Southern blotting is a technique that can be used to identify microbes that cannot be cultured.

Question 43

The Latin term meaning "within a cell" or "in life" is .

Question 44

, the separation of double- stranded DNA molecules, is generally accomplished by heating the molecules to near- boiling temperatures.

Question 45

The process of locating genes within the nucleic acid of an organism is called .

Question 46

Vectors usually contain _ such as antibiotic resistance genes or fluorescent tags.

Question 47

involves the insertion of foreign DNA directly into a cell's nucleus using a glass micropipet.

Question 48

A restriction enzyme that cuts both strands of DNA at the same point will produce fragments with .

Question 49

uses an electrical current to puncture holes in a cell's membrane so that DNA can be inserted.

Question 50

The is a technique used to detect specific RNA molecules in a larger population of molecules that has been separated by gel electrophoresis.

Question 51

is the use of microbes to make practical products such as vaccines or hormones.

Question 52

Nucleic acid molecules used to deliver new genes to cells are called .

Question 53

molecules have sequences that bind to mRNA and genes to affect their function.

Question 54

Any foreign DNA inserted into a cell will be inherited by that cell's progeny.

Question 55

, the biochemical precursor to vitamin A, can be added to rice by using recombinant DNA technology, thereby increasing the nutritional value of the rice.

Question 56

Sticky- end fragments generated by EcoRI will ligate to any other sticky- end sequence.

Question 57

consist of single- stranded DNA immobilized on glass slides, silicon chips, or nylon membranes.

Question 58

Nitrocellulose membranes used in Southern blotting are stronger than agarose gels.

Question 59

Short nucleic acid molecules used to locate complementary sequences in a larger population of molecules are called .

Question 60

Protoplast fusion is enhanced by the presence of polyethylene glycol.

Question 61

What is reverse transcriptase, and why is it an important tool of recombinant DNA technology?

Question 62

Explain what a transgenic organism is, and give two examples.

Question 63

Discuss the risks associated with the creation of genetically altered organisms. What sorts of safeguards are used to prevent potential problems caused by these organisms?

Question 64

Compare and contrast the types of vectors used in recombinant DNA technology.

Question 65

Compare and contrast the two major types of restriction enzymes.