Deck 14: Fluids and Electrolytes

Question 1

Each compartment of the body has a water-fluid distribution movement of its own.These fluids move and distribute themselves among these compartments via a process known as:

A) Active transport
B) Diffusion
C) Filtration
D) Osmosis

Answer 1

Osmosis

Question 2

The nurse explains that fluids carrying nutrients and wastes on a random basis throughout the body are carried primarily by:

A) Filtrates
B) Extracellular fluid
C) Intracellular fluid
D) Osmolytes

Answer 2

Extracellular fluid

Question 3

When the nurse hangs an IV bag with Na⁺,K^+,and Cl^-,he or she is aware that ________ are being administered.

A) Nutrients
B) Electrolytes
C) Enzymes
D) Vitamins

Answer 3

Electrolytes

Question 4

A patient has renal damage because of diabetes,which places the patient at risk for:

A) Hypercalcemia
B) Hypocalcemia
C) Hyperkalemia
D) Hypokalemia

Question 5

The licensed practical/vocational nurse (LPN/LVN)is preparing to add a new IV of 5% dextrose in water (D₅W)with potassium (K⁺)to an existing line.The LPN/LVN notices that only 25 ml of urine has been collected over the last hour.The LPN/LVN's best intervention is to:

A) Avoid hanging the IV with K⁺, and inform the registered nurse (RN) of the urine output.
B) Run the IV rapidly for 30 minutes to stimulate urine production.
C) Call the physician who ordered the K⁺.
D) Hang the IV as ordered, and chart the output.

Question 6

The nurse clarifies that electrolytes,such as sodium and potassium (K+),break down into smaller particles when dissolved and are called:

A) Cells
B) Elements
C) Ions
D) Molecules

Question 7

The K? laboratory report shows a level of 5.2 mEq/L.The nurse will assess the patient closely for:

A) Excessive thirst
B) Irregular heartbeat
C) Swelling of ankles
D) Frightening hallucinations

Question 8

The patient's intravenous (IV)injection has been infusing at a very high rate,and now the patient appears to be in fluid volume overload,as indicated by:

A) Hypotension
B) Tachycardia
C) Pulmonary edema
D) Kidney failure

Question 9

Because the patient with metabolic acidosis is hyperventilating,the nurse should closely monitor for the compensatory condition of:

A) Metabolic alkalosis
B) Respiratory acidosis
C) Respiratory alkalosis
D) Thyroid imbalances

Question 10

When the water absorption in the renal tubules becomes greater than normal,the nurse anticipates that the urine will become:

A) More concentrated
B) Less concentrated
C) More alkaline
D) Less alkaline

Question 11

The nurse explains that when oxygen is directed out of the arteries and into the capillaries,this process is called:

A) Active transport
B) Diffusion
C) Filtration
D) Osmosis

Question 12

A small child is hospitalized with severe metabolic acidosis after ingesting a whole bottle of baby aspirin approximately 8 hours earlier.The emphasis of the nursing care for this patient is reassuring the patient and:

A) Providing IV treatments as ordered but without sodium bicarbonate.
B) Frequently assessing the mental and neurologic status.
C) Taking daily weights and vital signs.
D) Inducing vomiting.

Question 13

Both the intracellular and extracellular fluids are made up of many different electrolytes,but the most abundant intracellular positively charged electrolyte is:

A) Calcium
B) Chloride
C) K+
D) Sodium

Question 14

The nurse evaluates the laboratory reports on electrolyte values carefully to assess the balance between positive and negative ions,which is regulated by the process of:

A) Adaptation
B) Diffusion
C) Homeostasis
D) Osmosis

Question 15

The nurse clarifies that fluid balance is mainly monitored in the body by which two systems?

A) Circulatory and renal
B) Respiratory and circulatory
C) Renal and gastrointestinal
D) Hepatic and lymphatic

Question 16

The nurse has two newly admitted patients with dehydration.One patient is dehydrated from heat exhaustion,and the other is dehydrated from an overdose of Lasix.The finding that will be in both patients is:

A) Increased skin turgor
B) Decreased pulse and respirations
C) Copious saliva and nasal secretions
D) Increased laboratory values of hemoglobin and hematocrit

Question 17

The nurse assists a patient with dyspnea to sit in a high Fowler position.This position allows gravity to help move oxygen from the pulmonary capillaries into the blood by a process known as:

A) Active transport
B) Diffusion
C) Filtration
D) Osmosis

Question 18

Older adults are at risk for dehydration because of reduced thirst and aging kidneys.The nurse monitors for the early indicator of dehydration,which is:

A) Reduced skin turgor
B) Constipation
C) Concentrated urine
D) Disorientation

Question 19

Hyperchloremia,as noted on a laboratory report,is usually associated with:

A) Metabolic acidosis
B) Metabolic alkalosis
C) Respiratory acidosis
D) Respiratory alkalosis

Question 20

The nurse assesses that the patient's urine has become much more concentrated,which results from the effect of:

A) Adrenaline
B) Aldosterone
C) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
D) Insulin

Question 21

The patient is frequently thirsty.The nurse assesses this symptom as:

A) Too much sodium and too much water in the body
B) Too little sodium and too much water in the body
C) Too much sodium and too little water in the body
D) Too little sodium and too little water in the body

Question 22

The nurse instructs a family that the blood being brought by the incoming capillaries into the kidney,which contains nitrogenous substances to be excreted as waste,involves the process of:

A) Active transport
B) Diffusion
C) Filtration
D) Osmosis

Question 23

The nurse instructs that the healthy kidney adjusts the volume and composition of the filtrate that prevents excessive fluid loss by:

A) Active transport
B) Filtration in the lymphatic system
C) Secretion of adrenalin
D) Tubular reabsorption

Question 24

The nurse is aware that extracellular fluid osmolarity is primarily maintained by:

A) Chloride
B) Magnesium
C) K+
D) Sodium

Question 25

The nurse would instruct the patient with a K? level of 6.2 to avoid: (Select all that apply.)

A) Lima beans
B) Bananas
C) Carrots
D) Tomatoes
E) Celery

Question 26

The nurse would anticipate in a patient with respiratory acidosis that the blood pH reading would be lower than ____________________.

Question 27

The nurse assesses deep-rapid respirations in a patient with metabolic acidosis to be an indicator of the homeostatic system at work to reduce the ____________________ level.

Question 28

The nurse assesses that the patient with congestive heart failure who is being treated with a diuretic has lost 4.4 pounds in 1 day.This weight loss is equivalent to the loss of ____________________ of fluid.

Question 29

Because the patient is hypovolemic,the nurse anticipates that treatment will be focused on:

A) Extracellular fluid deficit and limiting drinking water
B) Hypertonic intracellular deficit and limiting water intake
C) Extracellular fluid deficit and encouraging fluid intake
D) Circulatory system hormone deficit and limiting water intake

Question 30

The nurse cautions a group of high school athletes about fluid loss in hot,dry weather,because the normal loss from respiration,which is ____________________ to ____________________ mL/day,is doubled.