Deck 24: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Question 1

An 8-week-old infant presents to his pediatrician for a well-baby checkup.Physical exam reveals a murmur and an echocardiogram confirms a ventricular septal defect.Which of the following genetic factors should the nurse assess for as it would most likely accompany this diagnosis?

A) Huntington disease
B) Color blindness
C) Down syndrome
D) Hemophilia

Answer 1

Down syndrome

Question 2

A newborn child has a murmur and cyanosis.An echocardiogram reveals that the tricuspid valve failed to develop and no blood flows between the right atrium and ventricle.What term will the nurse use to describe this condition? Tricuspid:

A) Regurgitation
B) Stenosis
C) Atresia
D) Transposition

Answer 2

Atresia

Question 3

A newborn baby is severely cyanotic.An echocardiogram reveals transposition of the great arteries.A nurse assesses for which of the following,as it usually occurs with this defect?

A) The pulmonary artery leaving the right ventricle
B) The aorta leaving the right ventricle
C) Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
D) Atrial septal defect (ASD)

Answer 3

The aorta leaving the right ventricle

Question 4

A 2-week-old infant presents with poor feeding,fatigue,dyspnea,and a murmur.She is diagnosed with a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA).A nurse recalls this condition results in a(n):

A) Decreased pulmonary blood flow
B) Right-to-left shunt
C) Left-to-right shunt
D) Increased systemic blood flow

Question 5

An 8-week-old infant presents to her primary care provider for a well-baby check.Physical exam reveals a murmur,and an echocardiogram shows a large ventricular septal defect.If left untreated,what condition should the nurse discuss with the parents?

A) Pulmonary hypertension
B) Cyanosis
C) Dysrhythmias
D) Valve damage

Question 6

An infant undergoes an echocardiogram for a suspected heart defect.Tests reveal an opening in the middle of the atrial septum.What term would the nurse use to describe this defect?

A) Ostium primum atrial septal defect (ASD)
B) Ostium secundum ASD
C) Sinus venosus ASD
D) Eisenmenger syndrome

Question 7

A 1-month-old infant visits his primary care provider for a well-baby check.Physical exam reveals decreased cardiac output,hypotension,tachycardia,and a loud murmur suggestive of aortic stenosis.Which of the following would be expected with this diagnosis?

A) Atrial dilation
B) Ventricular hypertrophy
C) Atrial rigidity
D) Decreased contractility

Question 8

A newborn develops a murmur and cyanosis shortly after birth.She is diagnosed with pulmonic stenosis (PS)after an echocardiogram revealed narrowing of the pulmonary:

A) Tree
B) Artery
C) Valve orifice
D) Vein

Question 9

A 1-year-old female with a ventricular septal defect is experiencing left-sided heart failure.Which of the following symptoms will most likely occur?

A) Failure to thrive and periorbital edema
B) Edema to the hands and feet
C) Weight loss and jaundice
D) Flat neck veins and increased urinary output

Question 10

When the pediatrician cardiologist discusses total anomalous pulmonary venous connection,which of the following statements BEST describes this condition?

A) The foramen ovale closes after birth.
B) Pulmonary venous return is to the right atrium.
C) Pulmonary venous return is to the left atrium.
D) The foramen ovale does not close.

Question 11

A 22-year-old pregnant woman presents to her OB/GYN for a prenatal checkup.The heartbeat sounds irregular,and a fetal echocardiogram reveals an atrioventricular canal (AVC)defect.This defect is the result of:

A) Failure of the ductus arteriosus to close
B) Fusion of the endocardial cushions
C) A patent foramen ovale
D) A right-to-left shunt

Question 12

A newborn experiences frequent periods of cyanosis,usually occurring during crying or after feeding.Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis the nurse will observe on the chart?

A) Atrioventricular canal (AVC) defect
B) Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
C) Tetralogy of Fallot
D) Atrial septal defect (ASD)

Question 13

A newborn is suspected of having coarctation of the aorta.Which of the following assessments would aid in diagnosis?

A) Cyanosis
B) Bounding pedal pulses
C) Cool arms
D) Weak or absent femoral pulses

Question 14

A newborn child is diagnosed with tetralogy of Fallot.What symptoms would the nurse expect to observe in the child?

A) High-pitched cry and dyspnea
B) Cyanosis and hypoxia
C) Leg pain and twitching
D) Epistaxis and anemia

Question 15

When a staff member asks what coarctation of the aorta is,how should the nurse respond? Coarctation of the aorta is the local narrowing of the aorta near the:

A) Aortic valve
B) Ductus arteriosus
C) Diaphragm
D) Bifurcation into the common iliac arteries

Question 16

Which is the most common type of congenital heart defect the nurse should assess for in infants?

A) Atrial septal defect (ASD)
B) Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
C) Tetralogy of Fallot
D) Atrioventricular canal defect

Question 17

When a staff member asks what the patent opening between the aorta and pulmonary artery in a fetus is called,how should the nurse reply? It is the:

A) Foramen ovale
B) Sinus venosus
C) Ductus arteriosus
D) Septal defect

Question 18

A newborn is diagnosed with congenital heart disease.Which of the following intrauterine factors should the nurse focus on during the history that could have caused this disorder?

A) Diabetes
B) Alcohol exposure
C) Viral infection
D) Dextroamphetamine

Question 19

A 1-month-old infant was diagnosed with truncus arteriosus (TA)with a ventricular septal defect.Which of the following would the nurse also expect?

A) Hypertrophy of the aorta and major arteries
B) Transposition of the aorta and the pulmonary trunk
C) The aorta returning blood to the right atrium
D) Blood from both ventricles mixing in a common vessel

Question 20

A 22-year-old pregnant female presents for a fetal echocardiogram.Tests reveal small left atrium and mitral valve and an absent left ventricle and aortic valve.The diagnosis is hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS).The nurse will anticipate that the treatment for this defect is:

A) An indication for neonatal heart transplant
B) Rarely fatal
C) Easily repaired
D) Asymptomatic

Question 21

A 3-year-old male is diagnosed with Kawasaki disease.Which of the following does the nurse suspect is the most likely cause?

A) A genetic defect causing left heart failure
B) Autoimmune injury to the lymphatic vessels
C) Infectious pericarditis
D) Inflammation of the small capillaries, arteries, and veins

Question 22

A 5-year-old female is found to have hypertension during three separate visits to her primary care provider.The nurse would expect tests to suggest that the hypertension is secondary to:

A) Renal disease
B) Brain tumor
C) Hypocalcemia
D) Hyponatremia

Question 23

A 40-year-old pregnant woman is concerned about the health of her unborn child.She has phenylketonuria (PKU)and recently had a viral infection.If the child is born with a congenital heart defect,which of the following is the most likely based on the mother's history? (Select all that apply.)

A) Coarctation of aorta
B) Pulmonic stenosis
C) Ventricular septal defect
D) Patent ductus arteriosus
E) Tetralogy of Fallot

Question 24

A newborn child is diagnosed with trisomy 18.Which of the following congenital heart defects should the nurse assess for in the infant? (Select all that apply.)

A) Patent ductus
B) Coarctation of the aorta
C) Atrioventricular canal defect
D) Ventricular septal defect
E) Pulmonary stenosis