Deck 31: Tumor Immunology and Up-To-Date Applications of Next-Generation Sequencing

Question 1

A new positive prognostic indicator for primary breast cancer in women is

A)a good gene expression signature.
B)a low S phase tumor cell content.
C)diploid DNA content of tumor cells.
D)All of the above.

Answer 1

a good gene expression signature.

Question 2

Match the characteristics with the type of tumor.
Resembling the parent tissue

A)Benign
B)Malignant

Answer 2

Benign

Question 3

The most common cause of pediatric cancer deaths is

A)acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
B)tumors of the central and sympathetic nervous system.
C)malignant lymphoma.
D)renal tumors.

Answer 3

acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Question 4

Tumors can be described as benign or malignant.

Question 5

Match the characteristics with the type of tumor.
Minimal mitotic activity

A)Benign
B)Malignant

Question 6

A cancer-disposing gene, BRCA2, is associated with a very high risk of

A)uterine cancer.
B)endometrial cancer.
C)breast cancer.
D)None of the above.

Question 7

Match the characteristics with the type of tumor.
Metastasis

A)Benign
B)Malignant

Question 8

Match the antigens with the appropriate description.
Carcinofetal antigens

A)Cell surface molecules coded for by tumorigenic viruses
B)Gene derepression responsible for the production of increased concentrations of these gene products
C)Chemically induced tumors
D)Caused by no known mechanism

Question 9

Tumors are neoplasms.

Question 10

Cancer results from a series of genetic alterations that can include inactivation of oncogenes that promote cell growth.

Question 11

Match the following. Chemotherapeutic agents are placed into various classes of drug action
Corticosteroids

A)Cell cycle active, phase-specific
B)Cell cycle active, phase-nonspecific
C)Non-cell cycle active

Question 12

Match the antigens with the appropriate description.
Spontaneous tumor antigens

A)Cell surface molecules coded for by tumorigenic viruses
B)Gene derepression responsible for the production of increased concentrations of these gene products
C)Chemically induced tumors
D)Caused by no known mechanism

Question 13

The evaluation of HER2/neu has what clinical function?

A)Diagnostic marker
B)Predictive marker for response to herceptin
C)Prognostic marker in breast cancer
D)Both B and C.

Question 14

Match the following. Chemotherapeutic agents are placed into various classes of drug action
Act on the S, G2, or M phase of mitosis

A)Cell cycle active, phase-specific
B)Cell cycle active, phase-nonspecific
C)Non-cell cycle active

Question 15

Match the antigens with the appropriate description.
Tumor-associated antigens

A)Cell surface molecules coded for by tumorigenic viruses
B)Gene derepression responsible for the production of increased concentrations of these gene products
C)Chemically induced tumors
D)Caused by no known mechanism

Question 16

Most tumors are of connective tissue origin.

Question 17

Match the characteristics with the type of tumor.
Increase in number of cells that accumulate

A)Benign
B)Malignant

Question 18

The term tumor is commonly used to describe a proliferation of cells that produces a(n)

A)mass.
B)inflammatory condition.
C)reaction.
D)Either B or C.

Question 19

Match the characteristics with the type of tumor.
Usually encapsulated

A)Benign
B)Malignant

Question 20

Match the antigens with the appropriate description.
Tumor-specific antigens

A)Cell surface molecules coded for by tumorigenic viruses
B)Gene derepression responsible for the production of increased concentrations of these gene products
C)Chemically induced tumors
D)Caused by no known mechanism

Question 21

Tumor immunity has the following general feature-tumors express antigens that are recognized as foreign by the immune system of the tumor-bearing host.

Question 22

Cancer results from a series of genetic alterations that can include affecting a host's ability to repair resulting damage to DNA.

Question 23

Tumor immunity has the following general feature-the normal immune response frequently prevents the growth of tumors.

Question 24

Next-generation sequencing techniques have clinical applications in the recognition and treatment of cancer because they allow the sequencing of entire cancer genomes.

Question 25

Cancer results from a series of genetic alterations that can include loss of tumor suppressor gene activity, which inhibits cell growth.

Question 26

Tumor immunity has the following general feature-the immune system can be stimulated to kill tumor cells and rid the host of the tumor.