Deck 3: Operational Skills: Performing Within The Law

Question 1

The precedent case for the legality of and restrictions on "stop and frisk" is

A) Miranda v. Arizona.
B) Tennessee v. Garner.
C) Chimel v. California.
D) Mapp v. Ohio.
E) Terry v. Ohio.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Law dealing with the content of what constitutes crime is known as ___________ law.

A) procedural
B) constitutional
C) substantive
D) definitive
E) none of the other choices

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Except in the case of a Terry stop,an officer's probable cause to conduct an arrest depends on

A) what the officer knew before taking action.
B) what the officer learned while taking action.
C) what the officer surmised after taking action.
D) all of the other choices.
E) none of the other choices.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

A search may legally be conducted by police if

A) an arrest has been made.
B) consent to search is given.
C) a search warrant has been issued.
D) any of the other choices.
E) none of the other choices.

Question 5

What police officers know before an arrest is usually considered

A) not pertinent.
B) irrelevant.
C) invalid.
D) all of the other choices.
E) none of the other choices.

Question 6

The ____________ Amendment stresses the importance of having an arrest warrant when making an arrest.

A) First
B) Fourth
C) Fifth
D) Sixth
E) No amendment specifically refers to the importance of having an arrest warrant

Question 7

Making an arrest is one of the most

A) difficult decisions to make because of the "gray" area of law.
B) extreme steps a law officer may make.
C) dangerous tasks officers perform.
D) none of the other choices.

Question 8

"In the presence" refers to

A) proximity.
B) within the officer's senses.
C) immediacy in time.
D) all of the other choices.
E) none of the other choices.

Question 9

What must an officer have to initiate a legal arrest?

A) reasonable suspicion
B) a signed statement from the victim
C) probable cause
D) physical proof the suspect committed a crime

Question 10

Procedural law deals with the __________ of law.

A) process
B) content
C) history
D) complexity

Question 11

The landmark case that addressed the issue of police use of deadly force was

A) Miranda v. Arizona.
B) Terry v. Ohio.
C) Tennessee v. Garner.
D) Schmerber v. California.
E) Mapp v. Ohio.

Question 12

The three main exceptions to the exclusionary rule include each of the following except

A) the inevitable discovery doctrine.
B) good faith.
C) a valid independent source.
D) none of the other choices are exceptions.
E) all of the other choices are exceptions.

Question 13

The balance law enforcement officers must maintain,"freedom to" versus "freedom from," is analogous to

A) victims versus criminals.
B) lawbreakers versus law-abiding citizens.
C) due process versus crime control.
D) the First Amendment versus the Fourteenth Amendment.
E) stop versus frisk.

Question 14

The use of handcuffs following an arrest

A) is mandatory.
B) requires officer discretion.
C) is seldom necessary.
D) should be done only if extreme resistance or assaultive behavior is encountered.
E) should never be done with very young, very old, or physically disabled people.

Question 15

A detention without probable cause that is factually indistinguishable from an arrest is known as a _________ arrest.

A) "hunch"
B) de facto
C) Carroll
D) Miranda
E) misdemeanor

Question 16

Hot pursuit would be an example of a time

A) when an officer may conduct a high-speed chase.
B) when an officer may chase a suspect on foot.
C) where more than one officer is involved.
D) when an officer may be able to arrest a suspect in his or her home without a warrant.

Question 17

A traditional standard against which to measure reasonable police use of force is

A) whether the suspect poses an immediate threat to the public or officers.
B) whether the suspect is actively resisting arrest or attempting to flee.
C) the severity of the crime.
D) all of the other choices.
E) none of the other choices.

Question 18

Guarantees against unlawful searches and seizures and arrests are found in

A) the police code of ethics.
B) a department's policy manual.
C) amendments to the Constitution.
D) officers' general orders.
E) the Declaration of Independence.

Question 19

If officers are not aware they are violating someone's constitutional rights,they are said to be acting

A) under exigent circumstances.
B) in exclusive faith.
C) on due process.
D) under substantive probable cause.
E) in good faith.

Question 20

The __________ doctrine is an exception allowing officers to search a vehicle without a warrant even if they have the time to get one.

A) functional equivalent
B) Carroll
C) fruit of the poisonous tree
D) inevitable discovery
E) good faith

Question 21

Arrests and searches are restricted by the Eighth Amendment.

Question 22

Arrests and searches are restricted by the Fourth Amendment.

Question 23

Kyllo v.United States dealt with the issue of searches and

A) the automobile exception.
B) "plain feel" evidence.
C) thermal imaging.
D) "plain view" evidence.
E) third-party consent.

Question 24

In _____________________,the Court upheld the right of officers to search through an individual's garbage that had been placed on the curb.

A) California v. Greenwood
B) Katz v. United States
C) City of Indianapolis v. Edmond
D) Graham v. Connor
E) Mapp v. Ohio

Question 25

The right of law enforcement to use force to enter a building to make an arrest is almost ________ years old.

A) 40
B) 100
C) 400
D) 1,000
E) 4,000

Question 26

As a general rule,before officers forcibly break open the doors of a house to arrest someone within,they must

A) demand admittance and be refused.
B) identify themselves as police officers.
C) make known their purpose.
D) all of the other choices.
E) none of the other choices.

Question 27

The __________ was created as an exception to the exclusionary rule to allow evidence to be admissible when it can be shown the evidence would have been found through lawful means.

A) fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine
B) Terry stop
C) valid independent source
D) inevitable discovery doctrine
E) none of the other choices

Question 28

A rule courts have established whereby they will not accept tainted evidence is known as the _____________ rule.

A) Bellows
B) nolo contendere
C) mere impurity
D) poor faith
E) exclusionary

Question 29

Which of the following is not a recommended procedure for officers searching a person?

A) Keep the service weapon as far from the subject as possible.
B) Be on guard, keeping the subject at arm's length from the searching officer.
C) Keep the subject facing toward the searching officer.
D) Keep the subject under control, preferably off balance.
E) If more than one suspect is to be searched, all except those currently being searched should be ordered to lie on the ground, facing away from the person being searched.

Question 30

A de facto arrest is a detention without probable cause that is factually indistinguishable from an arrest.

Question 31

Probable cause is a less demanding standard than reasonable suspicion.

Question 32

Minnesota v.Dickerson dealt with the issue of searches and

A) the automobile exception.
B) "plain feel" evidence.
C) thermal imaging.
D) "plain view" evidence.
E) third-party consent.

Question 33

Making mandatory the application of a form of force in all arrests,such as handcuffing,conflicts with the Fourth Amendment's "objective reasonableness" standard for use of force.

Question 34

Regarding searches,Wilson v.Arkansas held that the "knock and announce" requirements are part of the reasonableness inquiry and that officers must knock and announce before they enter.

Question 35

Officers need not know their jurisdiction's substantive or procedural criminal law because that is the domain of the local prosecutor's office.

Question 36

The fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine is an extention of the exclusionary rule.

Question 37

Courts have determined that automobiles may be searched without a warrant even if police have time to get one because such vehicles

A) can be disabled or towed.
B) are mobile.
C) pose a threat to officers.
D) all of the other choices.
E) none of the other choices-officers must obtain a warrant to search an automobile.

Question 38

The power of arrest is inherent in the right of society to defend itself.

Question 39

If an arrest is made and the suspect does not resist,the officer may still use force because the use-of-force continuum authorizes one level of force higher than the offender is exhibiting.

Question 40

A criteria used to determine whether deadly force is justified is if the suspect

A) was a threat to the officer or others.
B) had committed a property crime.
C) was wanted on a misdemeanor warrant.
D) any of the other choices.
E) none of the other choices.

Question 41

Arrests may result in civil suits or criminal prosecutions of officers.

Question 42

Illegal arrests may taint crucial evidence of guilt.

Question 43

The law of arrest is strict and technical.

Question 44

The Supreme Court has held that 15 to 20 seconds is a reasonable amount of time between an officer's knock and announcement of a search warrant and actual forced entry.

Question 45

An exigent circumstance exception is frequently used and the most difficult to justify.

Question 46

A patdown of a subject's outer clothing for weapons is not considered a search.

Question 47

It is entirely reasonable for an arresting officer to search for and seize any evidence on an arrestee's person to prevent its concealment or destruction.

Question 48

The use of forcible entry to arrest was established early on in common law,even though a fundamental liberty of people includes protecting their homes.

Question 49

The use of force is not a significant obstacle to the community policing philosophy.

Question 50

Until 1985,it was legal in many states for officers to use deadly force to prevent a felon from escaping.

Question 51

Arrests are rarely dangerous and seldom life threatening for police officers.

Question 52

The phrase "in the presence," when referring to an arrest,literally means in the immediate presence of the law enforcement officer.

Question 53

Use of force when making an arrest is rarely an issue.

Question 54

Arrest is often the final step in criminal proceedings.

Question 55

The curtilage,basically a person's yard,can be searched without a warrant.

Question 56

Massachusetts v.Sheppard established that if police were relying on a search warrant that had been approved by a magistrate but later declared invalid,any evidence seized during that search is inadmissible at trial.

Question 57

Less-lethal weapons are those insufficient in force to ever cause death.

Question 58

The Fourth Amendment does not prohibit arrests or searches without a warrant.

Question 59

Police service dogs can enhance the safety of officers,bystanders,and suspects and help officers avoid resorting to deadly force.

Question 60

Briefly detaining a suspicious person for questioning is considered an arrest.

Question 61

Maryland v.Buie established that officers may make a limited protective _________ of a home during an arrest if the circumstances warrant.

Question 62

In __________ v._________ ,the Supreme Court ruled that police may properly request a person's name in a Terry-type stop.

Question 63

MATCHING
Each item may be matched only once. Select the best match.a.Brendlin v. California
i.New York v. Belton
b.Bond v. United States
j.positional asphyxia
c.continuum of contacts
k.probable cause
d.exigent circumstance
l.procedural law
e.Graham v. Connor
m.substantive law
f.Virginia v. Moore
n.Tennessee v. Garner
g.Mapp v. Ohio
o.United States v. Sokolow
h.Minnesota v. Dickerson
p.Weeks v. United States
the almost limitless variation of interactions between the public and the police

Question 64

Chimel v.California established that officers can search a person they have arrested for weapons and/or evidence,but the search must be limited to the area within the arrestee's immediate control,sometimes referred to as the arrestee's "_____________."

Question 65

The _________________ is a conducted energy weapon that fires a cartridge with two small probes that stay connected to the weapon by a high-voltage insulated wire.

Question 66

MATCHING
Each item may be matched only once. Select the best match.a.Brendlin v. California
i.New York v. Belton
b.Bond v. United States
j.positional asphyxia
c.continuum of contacts
k.probable cause
d.exigent circumstance
l.procedural law
e.Graham v. Connor
m.substantive law
f.Virginia v. Moore
n.Tennessee v. Garner
g.Mapp v. Ohio
o.United States v. Sokolow
h.Minnesota v. Dickerson
p.Weeks v. United States
case that established that a frisk that goes beyond that authorized by Terry is invalid

Question 67

If officers are performing their duties and come across evidence or contraband that is easily seen-that is,it is in plain view-they may seize it without a warrant.

Question 68

The _____________ Amendment provides that no person shall be "deprived of life,liberty,or property without due process of law."

Question 69

The common meaning of _______________ is simply "to stop."

Question 70

"_________ __________ __________" does not refer to proximity,but rather to what an officer making an arrest perceives through his or her senses.

Question 71

A house and the area immediately surrounding it,called the ________________,cannot be searched without a warrant.

Question 72

The Supreme Court agreed with the lower court's ruling in Kyllo that thermal imaging technology is acceptable because it does not reveal intimate details about activities inside a home.

Question 73

The _____________ Amendment states,"The right of the people to be secure in their persons,houses,papers and effects,against unreasonable searches and seizures,shall not be violated,and no warrants shall issue but upon probable cause,supported by oath or affirmation,and particularly describing the place to be searched,and the persons or things to be seized."

Question 74

An open field posted with several "No Trespassing" signs is sufficient to denote an expectation of privacy and,thus,requires police to obtain a warrant prior to a search.

Question 75

The courts have generally ruled that dog sniffs of inanimate items or public locations are not searches.

Question 76

The stop in a stop-and-frisk situation must be based on a _________________ _______________ that the person stopped is about to be or is actually engaged in criminal activity.

Question 77

MATCHING
Each item may be matched only once. Select the best match.a.Brendlin v. California
i.New York v. Belton
b.Bond v. United States
j.positional asphyxia
c.continuum of contacts
k.probable cause
d.exigent circumstance
l.procedural law
e.Graham v. Connor
m.substantive law
f.Virginia v. Moore
n.Tennessee v. Garner
g.Mapp v. Ohio
o.United States v. Sokolow
h.Minnesota v. Dickerson
p.Weeks v. United States
case in which the Supreme Court ruled the police did not violate the Fourth Amendment when they made an arrest based on probable cause,but prohibited by state law,or when they performed a search subsequent to the arrest

Question 78

The general public is often confused about the risks of less-lethal weapons.

Question 79

The ________________ ________________ doctrine refers to places other than actual borders where travelers frequently enter or exit the country,such as international airports.

Question 80

Many law enforcement agencies have a policy called the __________ ____________ _____________,stating that all persons arrested and transported shall be handcuffed.