Deck 4: Searches

Question 1

Terry v.Ohio supported officers' right to:

A)question suspects with an attorney present.
B)conduct a patdown or a frisk if they believe the person might be armed and dangerous.
C)conduct a full-body cavity search of an individual who is not in custody.
D)search vehicles upon probable cause to do so.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The most important limitation on searches is that they must be:

A)expedient in scope.
B)narrow in scope.
C)broad in scope.
D)prearranged by warrant.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Wyoming v.Houghton (1999) held that an officer may search an automobile passenger's belongings simply because the officer suspects the driver has done something wrong.This ruling, which was intended to prevent drivers from claiming that illegal drugs or other contraband belong to passengers rather than themselves, is referred to as the

A)jump-seat exception.
B)passenger patdown.
C)passenger property exception.
D)shotgun-seat exception.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The courts have ruled that when police take custody of a vehicle or other property, the police:

A)may not inventory the property without a court order.
B)may not inventory the property without probable cause.
C)may inventory the property.
D)may search the property regardless of circumstances.

Question 5

The Fourth Amendment to the U.S.Constitution forbids what type of searches and seizures?

A)illegal
B)unsupervised
C)unreasonable
D)undercover

Question 6

In which of the following cases is a search legal?

A)The search is incidental to a lawful arrest.
B)An officer stops a suspicious person.
C)The officer has arrested the person in the past.
D)An officer conducts a search of a motorist for a driving infraction.

Question 7

The Chimel decision established that a search incidental to a lawful arrest must be made simultaneously with the arrest.A search incidental to arrest must be confined to the:

A)arrested person's body.
B)arrested person's body and car.
C)area within the suspect's immediate control.
D)general area.

Question 8

In Nix v.Williams, the Court said that if illegally obtained evidence (a statement, in this case, which led to a little girl's body) would, in all likelihood, eventually have been discovered, legally it may be used.This is referred to as what exception to the exclusionary rule?

A)the inevitable-discovery doctrine
B)the plain-view rule
C)the public safety rule
D)the eyes-on rule

Question 9

A judge may issue a search warrant if which of the following items are being sought by an officer?

A)stolen or embezzled property
B)property that is designed for noncriminal activity
C)evidence that demonstrates a person is continuing criminal activity while on probation
D)personal drug usage of medicinal marijuana

Question 10

Which test is a way to determine if probable cause exists today?

A)plain-view doctrine
B)totality-of-the-circumstances test
C)voice stress test
D)truth-in-evidence test

Question 11

Emergency circumstances (such as officers hearing shots fired or screams) that allow officers to enter a home without a warrant are referred to as:

A)no-knock entries.
B)high-risk entries.
C)exigent circumstances.
D)warrantless emergencies.

Question 12

The Carroll decision established that with probable cause:

A)automobiles may not be searched unless consent is given.
B)houses may be searched if the person was arrested in the house.
C)individuals associated with an arrested person may be searched.
D)automobiles may be searched based on their obvious mobility.

Question 13

In which 1984 case did the Supreme Court define a search as "a governmental infringement of a legitimate expectation of privacy"?

A)United States v.Ross
B)United States v.Jacobsen
C)Mapp v.Ohio
D)Terry v.Ohio

Question 14

Physical evidence is:

A)blood-spattered.
B)on a person.
C)anything material and relevant.
D)easily obtainable.

Question 15

Hopefully, a well-organized, thorough, and proper organization of a crime scene search will result in:

A)the discovery of evidence.
B)generating ideas about who may be a suspect.
C)ignoring evidence that was found by accident.
D)identifying the motive.

Question 16

Every lawful arrest is accompanied by a search of the arrested person to protect the arresting officers and to prevent:

A)harm to the arrested person.
B)destruction of evidence.
C)a violation of rights.
D)harm to the officer.

Question 17

Which rule states that courts will not accept evidence obtained by unreasonable search and seizure?

A)silver-platter rule
B)exclusionary rule
C)roots-of-the-tree rule
D)rule of thumb

Question 18

Mincey v.Arizona established that:

A)officers may always search the premises when the search is associated with an arrest.
B)while officers are on the premises pursuing their legitimate emergency activities, any evidence in plain view may be seized.
C)searching a location where there are illegal drugs is legal without a search warrant, owing to special federal antidrug legislation.
D)officers may not seize evidence they find in plain view while pursuing emergency activities.

Question 19

A search conducted with a warrant must be limited to:

A)only the specific room in the house.
B)cars that are present on the property.
C)only the specific area and items named in the warrant.
D)only those items within the arm's­length rule.

Question 20

Consent to search is valid only if given:

A)under duress.
B)by a person who is not in control of the property.
C)voluntarily.
D)unknowingly.

Question 21

In Wyoming v.Houghton, the court ruled that an officer may search the belongings of an automobile passenger simply because the officer suspects the driver has done something wrong.

Question 22

Officers may not seize contraband they discover during a legal search, but must ask consent.

Question 23

When police take custody of a vehicle, the courts have upheld their right to inventory the vehicle to protect the
owner's property.

Question 24

The consent to search must be in response to an officer's claim of lawful authority or in response to a command or threat by an officer.

Question 25

A lane search, or partitioning the area into lanes:

A)can be adapted to any number of police personnel.
B)is intended to be used only with one officer.
C)works well inside.
D)must always be used with a traffic director.

Question 26

In Georgia v.Randolph (2006), the Supreme Court said, "If any party who is present and has authority to object to the search does object to the search, the police may not conduct the search on the authority of that party who gave consent."

Question 27

Every lawful arrest is accompanied by a search of the arrested person to protect the arresting officers and others and to prevent destruction of evidence.

Question 28

In United States v.Leon, the Court established that illegally obtained evidence may be admissible if the police were truly not aware they were violating a suspect's Fourth Amendment rights.In this case, the police were following up on a tip from an unreliable informant, which later invalidated the warrant.This exception is called the:

A)sidewalk exception.
B)good-faith doctrine.
C)public safety exception.
D)just-in-time exception.

Question 29

Plain-view evidence is admissible in court if the officer is engaged in lawful activity.

Question 30

Which of the following is a goal of a search during an investigation?

A)to locate victims
B)to ensure evidence is permissible
C)to identify who committed the crime
D)to punish the offender

Question 31

During a stop of a moving vehicle, officers may search the vehicle and any closed containers in it without probable cause or consent.

Question 32

A search with consent must be voluntary.

Question 33

Property owners can consent to police entry or search even though a tenant has lawful right of possession of the premises.

Question 34

What do investigators need to search for in order to conduct an effective search?

A)physical evidence
B)the identity of the offender
C)the type of crime that was committed
D)the items being searched for

Question 35

The search of a vehicle does not require probable cause because vehicles are mobile.

Question 36

In California v.Greenwood, the Supreme Court ruled that:

A)searches of homes are illegal.
B)searches of cars are legal if part of an inventory.
C)the curtilage rule applies to all evidence.
D)containers left on public property are open to search by police without a warrant.

Question 37

Dogs can be trained to search for explosives.

Question 38

Officers may use thermal-scanning devices without a warrant.

Question 39

Under the consent once removed exception, officers cannot make a warrantless entry to arrest a suspect if consent to enter was given earlier to an undercover officer or informant.

Question 40

A search warrant can be issued to search for and seize property that indicates a crime has been committed.

Question 41

_______________ can be another factor that compromises the thoroughness of a search.

Question 42

Define curtilage.

Question 43

When probable cause exists but there is no time to obtain a search warrant, the officer may conduct a search.This is an example of an emergency, or circumstance.

Question 44

What are the recognized exceptions in which investigators are permitted to conduct a search without obtaining a warrant?

Question 45

Describe limits on using thermal imaging in searches.

Question 46

Discuss whether dogs are subject to the same legal limitations on searches as officers.

Question 47

The common denominator of all search patterns is that they are designed to systematically locate any evidence at a crime scene or any other area where evidence might be found.

Question 48

Interior searches go from the general to the specific, usually in a circular pattern, covering all surfaces of a search area.

Question 49

A search conducted with a warrant must be limited to the specific area and specific items named in the warrant, in accordance with the requirement.

Question 50

When asking for consent to search, a genuine reply must be given before conducting a search; an even better practice is to obtain a written consent to search.

Question 51

Describe a situation in which an officer might use an anticipatory warrant.

Question 52

The Supreme Court has ruled that probable cause should be based on a totality-of-the- test.

Question 53

The landmark decision in Terry v.Ohio established police officers' right to patdown or frisk a person they have stopped to question if they have reasonable suspicion that the person might be _______________ and
______________.

Question 54

There are some instances in which evidence may not exist at the crime scene.

Question 55

In order to obtain a valid search warrant, officers must appear before a judge and establish probable cause to believe that the location contains evidence of a crime, and they must _______________ describe that evidence.

Question 56

What is the plain-view doctrine?

Question 57

When is trash subject to search?

Question 58

In a unanimous ruling in United States v.Banks (2003), the Supreme Court upheld the _______________ entry into a suspected drug dealer's apartment 15 to 20 seconds after police knocked and announced themselves.

Question 59

searches are prohibited by the Fourth Amendment.

Question 60

The Carroll decision established that automobiles may be searched without a warrant, largely based on the
_______________ of vehicles.

Question 61

How would you organize a search for a murder weapon in an open field?

Question 62

Which tasks are primary responsibilities of the search team leader?

Question 63

How would you organize a search for a murder weapon inside an apartment?

Question 64

Describe the "fruit­of­the­poisonous­tree" doctrine.

Question 65

Describe the "plain feel/touch" exception to the exclusionary rule.

Question 66

How would you proceed with the search of a dead body at a crime scene? What issues must be considered?

Question 67

Define an uncontaminated crime scene.

Question 68

What are the limits on a "dog­sniff" search for narcotics at a traffic stop?