Deck 3: Learning Motivation and Performance

Question 1

Which of these statements is true?

A)Maslow is known for his early work on Classical Conditioning
B)Alderfer developed a needs theory based on Pavlov's early work.
C)Existence needs are the highest order needs.
D)Relatedness reflects people's need to be valued by others.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Stimulus leads to response which leads to consequence, best illustrates which theory?

A)Punishment
B)Consequence
C)Reinforcement
D)Needs
E)Classical Conditioning

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The formula for performance (M X KSA X

A)Only two of the three factors need to be favorable to obtain high performance.
B)If motivation is high and KSAs are adequate, at least moderate performance will be achieved.
C)If the environment is highly conducive to high performance, then motivation is not very important.
D)None of the above is correct.
E)suggests

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following is true about good theories?

A)They are seldom useful to practitioners.
B)They develop logical rationale for what is likely to be true.
C)They do not have to be empirically tested because they are true.
D)They have the ability to explain known facts, but are usually complex and require in-depth study.
E)A & D

Question 5

Who laid the foundation for reinforcement theory?

A)Maslow
B)Skinner
C)Bandura
D)Freud
E)Thorndike

Question 6

Which of the following is a "process" theory of motivation?

A)ERG theory
B)Maslow's hierarchy of needs
C)Reinforcement theory
D)Both A & B

Question 7

Which of the following statements is true regarding punishment?

A)It does not usually reduce the future likelihood of a behavior.
B)It is a very effective form of motivation.
C)It has the same results as negative reinforcement.
D)It is an undesirable training tool.
E)Randomly administering punishment keeps trainees on their toes.

Question 8

Which of the following statements is true of motivation theories?

A)Needs are very similar for non-management employees.
B)Understanding needs helps you understand behavior.
C)Reinforcement theory is a commonly applied needs theory.
D)ERG is an acronym with the E representing the environment.
E)Maslow and Alderfer are two researchers commonly linked to process theories.

Question 9

Negative reinforcement

A)Reduces the likelihood of a behavior.
B)Increases the likelihood of a behavior.
C)Requires removal of something unpleasant.
D)Both A & C.
E)Both B & C.

Question 10

Which of the following depicts negative reinforcement?

A)After you do something, you are yelled at.
B)After you do something, you receive a reward.
C)After you do something, you receive no reward.
D)None of the above depicts negative reinforcement.

Question 11

Which of the following is a needs theory?

A)Classical Conditioning
B)ERG
C)Reinforcement theory
D)Expectancy theory
E)A & C

Question 12

Classical conditioning

A)Is an automatic response requiring no learning.
B)Was discovered by Skinner.
C)Is a learned response to a stimulus.
D)Once learned cannot be unlearned.
E)C & D.

Question 13

In motivating trainees to learn, which of the following needs - existence, relatedness, or growth - should be the focus?

A)Existence
B)Relatedness
C)Growth
D)Both B & C
E)All of the above

Question 14

Theories are

A)Useful for model building but impractical for practitioners.
B)Generally developed by all of us to help us understand how things work in our world.
C)Concrete steps in the "how-to" world.
D)Useful when they describe a set of facts and develop a logical rationale for what is likely to be true, given those facts.
E)Both B & D.

Question 15

What are the factors that interact to determine performance?

A)Knowledge, skills, and attitudes
B)Environment, skills, and strategy
C)Attitudes, strategy, and motivation
D)Motivation, environment, and skills
E)Motivation, KSAs, and environment

Question 16

Who is responsible for development of expectancy theory?

A)Maslow
B)Skinner
C)Vroom
D)Freud
E)Bandura

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT true regarding theories?

A)They provide guidelines and principles.
B)They are abstractions that are best left for researchers and not applicable to practitioners.
C)They provide principles and predictions.
D)Successful people in business pay attention to them.

Question 18

Which of the following statements is true regarding expectancy theory?

A)Expectancy 2 is the likelihood you will receive certain outcomes if you reach acceptable performance.
B)The values given for outcomes are represented by a value called expectancy 2.
C)Expectancy 1 is represented on a scale from 1 to 10 with 1 being the minimum.
D)Expectancy 2 is fixed in a person's mind and is extremely difficult to change.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about expectancy theory is true?

A)Expectancy 2 is related to self-efficacy.
B)Valence is the measure used for expectancy 1.
C)Expectancy 1 is 1.0 when related to a decision making (go vs. no go)process.
D)The valence of outcomes is the same for everyone.
E)Expectancy 1 is directly related to valence of outcomes.

Question 20

Understanding needs theory is important in the training process because

A)Needs theory can help determine what kind of training design will be more effective.
B)Needs theory can provide insight into the attitudes of trainees.
C)Needs theory can help identify trainees' self efficacy.
D)All of the above.

Question 21

Which of the following statements best explains the relationship between training and self?efficacy?

A)The two concepts are not related.
B)Training can act to improve low selfefficacy only when employees have the required KSAs.
C)It is useful to assess trainee selfefficacy prior to training only.
D)Selfefficacy beliefs are a good predictor of learning in the training environment.

Question 22

___Relatedness is the middle need in Alderfer's needs theory.

Question 23

Which of the following statements regarding self-efficacy is true?

A)Physical and emotional state is never a factor when estimating an employee's selfefficacy.
B)Those with high selfefficacy are also likely to be selfactualized.
C)Higher selfefficacy has little impact on actual performance.
D)Feelings about one's competency are reflected in the concept of selfefficacy.
E)Behavioral models are not able to influence an employee's self-efficacy.

Question 24

___The best way to improve employee performance is to "copy" a successful organization's motivational tactics.

Question 25

Which of the following statements about learning is true?

A)It is not closely tied to memory.
B)It is always observable.
C)It must be retained to be useful.
D)It is always measurable by testing.

Question 26

Gagné-Briggs' micro theory of instructional design

A)Is useful for understanding learning but not for development of training.
B)Is a guide for designing training events in each module of the training program.
C)Is similar to the ERG theory of motivation.
D)Focuses on the content of the training, not the training process.

Question 27

The power that a group has over its members was first noted in which studies of the 1920's and the 1930's?

A)Watson studies
B)Hawthorne studies
C)Pajama factory studies
D)Group norm studies

Question 28

The _____ the self-efficacy, the _____ the performance.

A)Higher; worse
B)Higher; better
C)Lower; worse
D)Lower; better
E)All of the above are possible

Question 29

The power of the group comes from the group _______ members that follow group norms, or _______ those that do not.

A)Punishing; rewarding
B)Rewarding; training
C)Requesting; training
D)Rewarding; punishing

Question 30

____Needs theories attempt to describe and explain how a person's needs are translated into actions to satisfy their needs.

Question 31

Which of the following best describes the cognitive approach to training?

A)Subjectoriented
B)Formal, authorityoriented, judgmental, and competitive
C)Interactive, group, projectoriented, and experiential
D)Relaxed, mutually trustful, respectful, and collaborative
E)Both C & D

Question 32

In social learning, theory retention has three phases which are

A)Attention, symbolic coding, behavioral reproduction.
B)Recognize, recall, retain.
C)Attention, motivation, symbolic coding.
D)Symbolic coding, cognitive organization, symbolic rehearsal.
E)None of the above

Question 33

A basic premise in Social Learning Theory is

A)A person can only learn by behaving in some way.
B)A person can learn merely through observation.
C)Events can be learned without being processed.
D)Consequences of behavior do not influence learning.

Question 34

Symbolic coding is

A)The second stage of attracting attention.
B)Where you rehearse in your mind how to "do it."
C)Part of the retention process.
D)A design method for assuring learning.

Question 35

___Performance is a function of motivation times KSAs.

Question 36

Which studies compared the effects of participation vs.no participation in organizational change endeavors in the 1940's?

A)The Pajama factory experiments
B)The Hawthorne experiments
C)The Bandura experiments
D)The OD experiments

Question 37

Asking trainees to provide examples of how the knowledge being trained relates to what they already know facilitates

A)Chaining.
B)Verbal association learning.
C)Cognitive organization.
D)Operant conditioning.

Question 38

The Gagné-Briggs theory of instructional design

A)Has three events: attention, retention, and behavioral reproduction.
B)Has "gaining attention" as its first event.
C)Is only useful for designing effective lectures.
D)Both A & B.

Question 39

Which of the following is true about studying motivation from a behaviorist approach?

A)It is most reflected in how the behaviorist approach describes the brain's function in learning.
B)It suggests that learning is not controlled by the environment.
C)It suggests that trainers control learning by controlling the stimuli and consequences that the learner experiences.
D)Bandura is the best-known contemporary behaviorist.

Question 40

Resistance to learning occurs when

A)The trainee is not motivated.
B)The trainee does not have the necessary prerequisite KSAs.
C)The environment is not conducive to learning.
D)There is little or no supervisor support.
E)All of the above.

Question 41

____One of the differences between the behaviorist and cognitive approach to learning is that the cognitive approach is more subject oriented and developed by the instructor.

Question 42

Two definitions of learning were presented in the text; one was behavioral and one was cognitive.Explain each and indicate the major difference between these definitions and what the training implications of each are.

Question 43

___Self-efficacy is an important concept in understanding motivation.

Question 44

___Negative reinforcement reduces the likelihood that a behavior will be repeated.

Question 45

Explain Social Learning Theory.

Question 46

____Expectancy theory is the most popular need theory today.

Question 47

Explain ERG theory.

Question 48

____Punishment is an undesirable management and training tool.