Deck 2: Determining Moral Behavior

Question 1

Which of "The Six Pillars of Character" encompasses the ideas of altruism and benevolence?

A)citizenship
B)trustworthiness
C)caring
D)respect

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which ethical system is concerned with needs and relationships?

A)virtue
B)religion
C)ethical formalism
D)ethics of care

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which statement about hypothetical imperatives is true?

A)Hypothetical imperatives command action that is necessary without any reference to intended purposes or consequences.
B)Hypothetical imperatives refer to the concept that some things just must be and don't require further  Justification.
C)Hypothetical imperatives refer to the imperative that you should do your duty and act the way you want everyone else to act.
D)Hypothetical imperatives are commands that designate certain actions to attain certain ends.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

According to Barry, human beings can "know" God's will in three ways. Which of the following is not one of these three ways?

A)individual conscience
B)religious authorities
C)holy scriptures
D)rites of passage

Question 5

Which of the following is not a requirement of ethical systems?

A)universal in nature
B)authoritative
C)rooted in religion
D)not-self serving

Question 6

Which is not considered a moral virtue?

A)thriftiness
B)industriousness
C)love
D)honesty

Question 7

A structured set of principles that defines what is moral is referred to as:

A)a norm system.
B)an ethical system.
C)a morality guide.
D)a value inventory.

Question 8

The authority of religious ethics, in particular such as those of Judeo-Christian ethics, stems from a God that is:

A)present in nature.
B)never questioned
C)willful and rational.
D)a reflection of each individual.

Question 9

The system known as " ethics of virtue" is associated with:

A)Kant.
B)Aquinas.
C)Aristotle.
D)Hobbes.

Question 10

An ethical system that judges the consequences of an act is referred to as:

A)a deontological ethical system.
B)a teleological ethical system.
C)a formal ethical system.
D)a Kantian ethical system.

Question 11

The peacemaking process is composed of three parts: connectedness, caring, and:

A)respect.
B)mindfulness.
C)fairness.
D)equity

Question 12

Which of the following statements about deontological ethical systems is true?

A)Deontological systems focus on the person's intent instead of the consequences of one's actions.
B)Deontological systems focus on the outcome of a person's actions.
C)Deontological systems permit immoral actions as long as the community at large benefits.
D)None of the above is true.

Question 13

Which of the following is not one of "The Six Pillars of Character" presented in the text?

A)fairness
B)caring
C)respect
D)humility

Question 14

Immanuel Kant is most associated with which ethical system?

A)utilitarianism
B)ethics of care
C)ethics of virtue
D)ethical formalism

Question 15

Aristotle's concept of moderation, in which one should not err toward excess or deficiency, is called:

A)the principle of eudaimonia.
B)the principle of the golden mean.
C)the principle of moral latitude.
D)the principle of the moral exemplar.

Question 16

Which statement is not consistent with ethical formalism?

A)Moral law is self-imposed.
B)Moral actions are determined by reason.
C)Lying is never justified.
D)Individuals cannot control the consequences of their decisions.

Question 17

Which ethical system embraces human's inclination for self-preservation?

A)ethical formalism
B)natural law
C)ethics of care
D)ethics of virtue

Question 18

An ethical system which bases ethics largely upon one's character and possession of certain valued qualities is :

A)ethics of care
B)ethics of virtue
C)ethical formalism
D)enlightened egoism

Question 19

As a proponent of utilitarianism, Jeremy Bentham believed that the morality of an action should be determined by:

A)whether it enriches the person committing the act.
B)how much it contributes to the good of the majority.
C)how closely it aligns with one's religious upbringing.
D)how closely it aligns with the law.

Question 20

Which religious system specifies that ethical conduct must be based on universal love and compassion for all living beings?

A)Buddhism
B)Judaism
C)Islam
D)Hinduism

Question 21

George has always been a peaceful, law-abiding man, and he has raised his kids to be the same way. He donates to charitable causes and provides a comfortable life for his family. One night he takes his kids to a carnival and in the parking lot, they are confronted by an armed robber. The robber has a knife and threatens to harm one of George's kids if he does not hand over his wallet .
A deontological response to the situation would require George to:

A)remain passive, regardless of the consequences.
B)consider the wishes of the robber as well as his own.
C)fight hard against the robber, regardless of the injury he might inflict.
D)only be concerned with protecting himself.

Question 22

The         principle directs a decision maker to act according to a specific, unbending rule.

A)generalization
B)imperative
C)utilitarian
D)golden mean

Question 23

Because ethical formalism requires moral behavior regardless of the circumstances, it can be considered a(n)________________ system.

A)theological
B)absolutist
C)legalist
D)relativist

Question 24

George has always been a peaceful, law-abiding man, and he has raised his kids to be the same way. He donates to charitable causes and provides a comfortable life for his family. One night he takes his kids to a carnival and in the parking lot, they are confronted by an armed robber. The robber has a knife and threatens to harm one of George's kids if he does not hand over his wallet .
A teleological response to the situation would require George to:

A)remain passive, regardless of the consequences.
B)pray for guidance.
C)fight hard against the robber, regardless of the injury he might inflict.
D)only be concerned with protecting himself.

Question 25

Mary is a newly-hired police officer. One day she observes two fellow officers removing drugs from the evidence room. Mary's values include a devotion to loyalty, so she is inclined to protect her fellow officers. At the same time, she also believes in upholding the law.
Mary's situation is an example of:

A)an ethical dilemma.
B)cultural relativism.
C)universality.
D)Aristotle's "golden mean."

Question 26

Mary is a newly-hired police officer. One day she observes two fellow officers removing drugs from the evidence room. Mary's values include a devotion to loyalty, so she is inclined to protect her fellow officers. At the same time, she also believes in upholding the law.
Mary decides to report the crime that she observed, even though it will mean that her fellow officers will lose their jobs and might also be prosecuted. She has decided that the other officers brought this upon themselves; they were originally worthy of her loyalty, but lost that loyalty through their own actions. This illustrates:

A)ethical formalism.
B)egoism.
C)principle of forfeiture.
D)principle of the golden mean.

Question 27

Altruistic acts that benefit the individual by ensuring reciprocal assistance reflect:

A)enlightened egoism.
B)altruistic egoism.
C)psychological egoism.
D)religious egoism.

Question 28

Mary is a newly-hired police officer. One day she observes two fellow officers removing drugs from the evidence room. Mary's values include a devotion to loyalty, so she is inclined to protect her fellow officers. At the same time, she also believes in upholding the law.
Mary's decision to report the crime had negative effects for the two officers involved, and for Mary  personally. However, the rest of the community has benefited from the removal of corrupt police officers. A(n)________________ viewpoint would find this outcome to be ethical.

A)absolutist
B)utilitarian
C)egoist
D)imperative

Question 29

George has always been a peaceful, law-abiding man, and he has raised his kids to be the same way. He donates to charitable causes and provides a comfortable life for his family. One night he takes his kids to a carnival and in the parking lot, they are confronted by an armed robber. The robber has a knife and threatens to harm one of George's kids if he does not hand over his wallet .
George has always professed non-violence, but in this instance he fights the robber to protect his child. Technically, by fighting, he is violating his moral belief that one should be non-violent. His decision to fight in this instance is an example of:

A)absolutism.
B)universality.
C)egoism.
D)situational ethics.

Question 30

Someone who gives to charity or volunteers for the purpose of creating emotional pleasure for himself is exhibiting :

A)enlightened egoism.
B)altruistic egoism.
C)psychological egoism.
D)religious egoism.

Question 31

____________ suggests that what is good for one's survival and personal happiness is moral.

A)Altruism
B)Narcissism
C)Egoism
D)Philanthropy

Question 32

Situational ethics is often used as a synonym for:

A)absolutism.
B)relativism.
C)formalism.
D)pluralism.

Question 33

The environmental movement in the United States seeks to protect forests and other pristine lands. To most Americans, respecting natural lands and animals probably is consistent with their ethical system. In some other countries, laws protecting the lands do not exist. Farmers and ranchers routinely "slash and burn" in order to farm or raise livestock, and loggers harvest trees indiscriminately. There is no ethical dilemma, since their society accepts these practices as normal and necessary.
In America, state, federal, and local governments have enacted laws to protect forests from destruction. Through these laws, the overall community is protected, even though individuals may be negatively affected. By meeting the needs of the overall community, these laws exhibit:

A)principle of forfeiture.
B)principle of the golden mean.
C)hypothetical imperative.
D)utilitarianism.

Question 34

The environmental movement in the United States seeks to protect forests and other pristine lands. To most Americans, respecting natural lands and animals probably is consistent with their ethical system. In some other countries, laws protecting the lands do not exist. Farmers and ranchers routinely "slash and burn" in order to farm or raise livestock, and loggers harvest trees indiscriminately. There is no ethical dilemma, since their society accepts these practices as normal and necessary.
In this instance, their society's definitions differ from the American definitions. This is an example of:

A)deontology.
B)egoism.
C)cultural relativism.
D)absolutism.

Question 35

George has always been a peaceful, law-abiding man, and he has raised his kids to be the same way. He donates to charitable causes and provides a comfortable life for his family. One night he takes his kids to a carnival and in the parking lot, they are confronted by an armed robber. The robber has a knife and threatens to harm one of George's kids if he does not hand over his wallet .
As stated in the scenario, George donates to charity but still provides a comfortable life for his family. He has found a balance between the competing virtues of giving to the less-fortunate while also ensuring that he provides for his family. This is an illustration of:

A)ethical formalism.
B)​r elativism.
C)situational ethics.
D)principle of the golden mean.

Question 36

Which of the following statements about the principle of forfeiture is false?

A)It holds that people who treat others as means to an end forfeit the right to protection of their own freedom and well-being.
B)It holds that people who aggress forfeit their own right to be protected from harm.
C)It holds that self-defense is morally unacceptable.
D)It holds that lying to a person who threatens harm is acceptable.

Question 37

Which system suggests that there are no moral absolutes, and that what is deemed "good" and "bad" can be different from group to group?

A)moral absolutism
B)ethical relativism
C)sub-cultural moralism
D)global relativism

Question 38

Which of the following is one of the three principles of ethical decision making as described by Krogstand and Robertson?

A)the egoistic principle
B)the golden mean principle
C)the utilitarian principle
D)the ethical principle

Question 39

The concept that there are fundamental truths that may dictate different definitions of what is moral in different situations is called:

A)moral pluralism.
B)utilitarianism.
C)ethical formalism.
D)natural law.

Question 40

The environmental movement in the United States seeks to protect forests and other pristine lands. To most Americans, respecting natural lands and animals probably is consistent with their ethical system. In some other countries, laws protecting the lands do not exist. Farmers and ranchers routinely "slash and burn" in order to farm or raise livestock, and loggers harvest trees indiscriminately. There is no ethical dilemma, since their society accepts these practices as normal and necessary.
Farmers, ranchers, and loggers in these countries engage in these practices because they deem it necessary to provide for their families. Because their focus is on providing for their families and communities, they are adhering to the ethical system known as:

A)ethics of care.
B)egoism.
C)psychological egoism.
D)golden mean.

Question 41

Giving someone a car because they need it is a good act according to ethical formalism, even if he later dies in a crash because the brakes failed.

Question 42

Aristotle believed that, by nature, we are born "good" and some later learn to be evil.

Question 43

The definition of eudaimonia or happiness is equivalent to the idea of hedonism.

Question 44

Ethical systems are the same as moral rules.

Question 45

ethical systems emphasize the intent of the actor or good will as the key element of morality.

Question 46

"Situational ethics" is an example of an absolutist ethical system.

Question 47

Utilitarianism is a teleological ethical system.

Question 48

Egoism is usually the only ethical system that can justify the behavior of one performing an illegal or harmful act.

Question 49

A teleological ethical system would approve of a bad act if it resulted in a good consequence.

Question 50

Under the ethics of virtue philosophy, it is possible to have an excess of honor, truth, or shame.

Question 51

The most commonly utilized ethical systems are religion and utilitarianism.

Question 52

A man makes a donation to charity for the purpose of looking good to his friends. A deontological review of this action would find it immoral.

Question 53

Telling a lie to someone who doesn't deserve the truth is not a lie according to ethical formalism.

Question 54

The imperative principle is associated with utilitarianism.

Question 55

is an ethical system that favors acts that result in the greatest good for the greatest number of people.

Question 56

Socrates believed that ignorance leads to bad behavior because if one was rational and wise, he or she would know what virtue was and behave accordingly.

Question 57

The term________________ holds that the only thing truly good is a good will, and what is good is that which conforms to the categorical imperative ethical system.

Question 58

Utilitarianism would sacrifice the desires of the individual for the good of the majority.

Question 59

suggests that preservation of one's own being is a basic principle of morality.

Question 60

is a concept that holds that when an act is considered wrong then it is wrong for all people .

Question 61

Under ______________ ethics, the murder of one person would be justified if it resulted in many others being saved.

Question 62

According to Hinduism, the concept of _________ suggests that what happens in a future life is determined by how we behave in our present life.

Question 63

According to the concept of psychological egoism, humans naturally pursue __________ .

Question 64

Review the events at Abu Ghraib prison and identify the ethical systems represented by the actions of the soldiers .

Question 65

Review egoism and identify its relationship to natural law.

Question 66

Harris defined ethical systems as a systematic ordering of ________________ .

Question 67

Describe and discuss the ethics of virtue ethical system. Provide examples.

Question 68

Discuss the similarities between the religious systems presented in the chapter.

Question 69

As defined in the text, a(n)_____________   is a person's source of moral principles and includes the underlying premises upon which one bases judgments.

Question 70

is an ethical system that defines good as meeting needs and preserving and enriching relationships .

Question 71

Discuss the differences between teleological systems and deontological systems.

Question 72

Describe another way of resolving ethical dilemmas that does not use the ethical systems.

Question 73

Discuss the arguments against and supporting relativism. Do the same for absolutism.

Question 74

The ________________ refers to the idea that when one violates someone else's rights, he gives up his own right to be treated under the principles of respect.

Question 75

Compare the natural law system with religion.

Question 76

Describe two teleological ethical systems and describe two deontological systems.

Question 77

The term________________ refers to the idea that many values and behaviors differ from culture to culture and are functional to the culture that holds them.

Question 78

Define cultural relativism. Provide examples.

Question 79

Socrates identified four virtues: justice, wisdom, _______________ ,  and _____________  .

Question 80

is the philosophical position that, although there are a few universal truths different situations call for different response; therefore, some action can be right or wrong depending on situational factors .