Chat with AIExam 2: Determining Moral Behavior
Discuss the arguments against and supporting relativism. Do the same for absolutism.
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Answered by Examlex AI CopilotRelativism is the belief that truth and morality are relative to the individual or culture, and there is no universal standard. Arguments against relativism include the idea that it leads to moral and cultural relativism, where any action can be justified based on individual or cultural beliefs. This can lead to a lack of accountability and moral chaos. Additionally, relativism can lead to the acceptance of harmful cultural practices, such as female genital mutilation or honor killings, under the guise of cultural relativism.
Supporters of relativism argue that it promotes tolerance and understanding of different cultures and perspectives. They believe that it allows for diversity and acceptance of different moral codes and beliefs. Relativism also acknowledges the influence of culture and personal experiences on an individual's beliefs and values.
On the other hand, absolutism is the belief that there are universal truths and moral principles that apply to all individuals and cultures. Arguments against absolutism include the idea that it can lead to intolerance and the imposition of one culture's values on others. It can also lead to a lack of flexibility and understanding of different perspectives.
Supporters of absolutism argue that it provides a clear and consistent moral framework that applies to all individuals and cultures. They believe that it allows for the establishment of universal human rights and ethical standards. Absolutism also provides a basis for holding individuals and cultures accountable for their actions.
In conclusion, both relativism and absolutism have their own strengths and weaknesses. Relativism promotes tolerance and diversity but can lead to moral chaos and acceptance of harmful practices. Absolutism provides a clear moral framework and accountability but can lead to intolerance and the imposition of one culture's values on others. Ultimately, the debate between relativism and absolutism continues to be a complex and nuanced discussion in the fields of ethics and philosophy.
Immanuel Kant is most associated with which ethical system?
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VerifiedD
Socrates identified four virtues: justice, wisdom, _______________ , and _____________ .
(33) Verifiedfortitude, temperance,temperance, fortitude
Mary is a newly-hired police officer. One day she observes two fellow officers removing drugs from the evidence room. Mary's values include a devotion to loyalty, so she is inclined to protect her fellow officers. At the same time, she also believes in upholding the law.
Mary decides to report the crime that she observed, even though it will mean that her fellow officers will lose their jobs and might also be prosecuted. She has decided that the other officers brought this upon themselves; they were originally worthy of her loyalty, but lost that loyalty through their own actions. This illustrates:
(39) The peacemaking process is composed of three parts: connectedness, caring, and:
(23) Utilitarianism would sacrifice the desires of the individual for the good of the majority.
(40) Describe two teleological ethical systems and describe two deontological systems.
(44) An ethical system that judges the consequences of an act is referred to as:
(34) Under the ethics of virtue philosophy, it is possible to have an excess of honor, truth, or shame.
(34) Socrates believed that ignorance leads to bad behavior because if one was rational and wise, he or she would know what virtue was and behave accordingly.
(38) The definition of eudaimonia or happiness is equivalent to the idea of hedonism.
(39) The environmental movement in the United States seeks to protect forests and other pristine lands. To most Americans, respecting natural lands and animals probably is consistent with their ethical system. In some other countries, laws protecting the lands do not exist. Farmers and ranchers routinely "slash and burn" in order to farm or raise livestock, and loggers harvest trees indiscriminately. There is no ethical dilemma, since their society accepts these practices as normal and necessary.
In America, state, federal, and local governments have enacted laws to protect forests from destruction. Through these laws, the overall community is protected, even though individuals may be negatively affected. By meeting the needs of the overall community, these laws exhibit:
(33) Under ______________ ethics, the murder of one person would be justified if it resulted in many others being saved.
(34) Mary is a newly-hired police officer. One day she observes two fellow officers removing drugs from the evidence room. Mary's values include a devotion to loyalty, so she is inclined to protect her fellow officers. At the same time, she also believes in upholding the law.
Mary's decision to report the crime had negative effects for the two officers involved, and for Mary personally. However, the rest of the community has benefited from the removal of corrupt police officers. A(n)________________ viewpoint would find this outcome to be ethical.
(38) Altruistic acts that benefit the individual by ensuring reciprocal assistance reflect:
(38) Because ethical formalism requires moral behavior regardless of the circumstances, it can be considered a(n)________________ system.
(39) According to the concept of psychological egoism, humans naturally pursue __________ .
(26) As a proponent of utilitarianism, Jeremy Bentham believed that the morality of an action should be determined by:
(27) ethical systems emphasize the intent of the actor or good will as the key element of morality.
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