Deck 9: Reinforcement Techniques for Increasing Behavior

Question 1

Which of the following techniques represents a modification of a token economy?

A) compliance matrix
B) raffles
C) lotteries
D) chart move

Answer 1

D

Question 2

A group-oriented contingency refers to:

A) the application of group activities such as cooperative learning, where each student in the group is required to complete a portion of the assigned task.
B) a short-term group oriented toward the resolution of immediate problems, such as becoming more fully functioning, relating better with others, or reducing feelings of alienation.
C) a set of techniques designed to maximize the perceived similarity between various student members of a group.
D) the presentation of a reinforcer contingent upon the behavior of an individual within the group, a segment of the group, or the group as a whole.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

In order for contracts to be fair:

A) each side should seek maximum advantage.
B) they should include a response cost as well as a reward.
C) only students should be involved in their development.
D) the relationship between the difficulty of the task and the amount of reward should be specified.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following statements is true regarding the effect of tokens on teacher behavior?

A) Tokens remind teachers to reinforce students' appropriate behavior.
B) Tokens help teachers develop appropriate instructional tasks for students.
C) Tokens help teachers learn self-management skills.
D) Tokens eliminate the need for paraprofessionals in the special education classroom.

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of a conditioned reinforcer?

A) food
B) praise
C) water
D) sleep

Question 6

A stimulus that is not originally reinforcing but acquires reinforcing power from being paired with other reinforcers is a conditioned reinforcer.

Question 7

The more novelty a method for delivering positive reinforcement is, the less likely students are to experience satiation.

Question 8

When scapegoating occurs, the teacher should redefine scapegoating in terms of positive peer pressure.

Question 9

In order for tokens to be effective:

A) they must be inherently reinforcing
B) the individual must have received the tokens for at least two weeks prior to receiving reinforcement
C) they must be paired with backup reinforcers
D) they must be able to serve as a punisher

Question 10

Why is it important to reinforce a student immediately after they exhibit appropriate behavior?

A) it helps the student focus on inappropriate behavior
B) it forces the student to sort out all the behavior they engaged in during the day
C) it avoids reinforcing the wrong behavior
D) it eliminates the need to use primary reinforcers

Question 11

Which of the following suggestions should be followed when ignoring a student that is engaging in inappropriate behavior?

A) catch the student being good
B) provide attention to the student when they are being bad
C) point out to the rest of the class the inappropriate behavior the student is exhibiting
D) scold the student when they are being bad

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of a generalized conditioned reinforcer?

A) food
B) money
C) toys
D) praise

Question 13

Telling a student that they can have 10 minutes of free time after finishing their math worksheet is an example of social reinforcement.

Question 14

A teacher requires that every student is his class receive a score of 25 or better on a math quiz before anyone can go on a field trip. This procedure is an example of:

A) interdependent group-oriented contingencies.
B) independent group-oriented contingencies.
C) conditional group-oriented contingencies.
D) dependent group-oriented contingencies.

Question 15

Ms. Constant provides Felicia with a menu of reinforcers from which she must choose one to receive when she completes her math assignment. What type of procedure is Ms. Constant using to obtain reinforcers for Felicia?

A) observing
B) preference list
C) interview with child
D) preference scale

Question 16

The "Gotcha Technique" is a system used to increase positive reinforcement.

Question 17

What is an advantage of using intermittent reinforcement?

A) it helps establish a behavior that has not previously been in the individual's repertoire
B) it helps cue students on when to perform a behavior
C) it helps avoid satiation
D) it helps teachers avoid having to reinforce all students in a class

Question 18

Which of the following are components of contingency contracts?

A) behavior, task record, and rejoinder
B) task, reward, and task record
C) title, body of the document, and task record
D) statement of purpose, length of contract, date of completion, and task record

Question 19

Ms. Olzone has decided to use an interdependent group-oriented contingency with her students. She has decided to divide the class into two groups. The group with the fewest marks receives the reward. What method for delivering this contingency is she employing?

A) all group members meet criteria
B) group averaging
C) Premack principle
D) good behavior game

Question 20

Ms. Intendo just instituted a token economy system with her fourth-grade students. She observes that the students enjoy playing with the tokens. Although she plans on introducing a token-storage system later, why is it a good idea to let her students initially play with the tokens?

A) because this practice reduces the likelihood that students will bootleg tokens later
B) because this practice helps to establish tokens as reinforcers
C) because physical stimulation helps students remain on-task for longer durations of time
D) because seeing the tokens will make them want them more later

Question 21

What is a harmful side effect of peer pressure on students who fail to improve?

Question 22

What is the advantage of using novel applications of positive reinforcement?

Question 23

If a teacher is considering implementing a token economy in their classroom, what factors should he take into consideration when establishing rules and procedures?

Question 24

How can a teacher establish the performance criteria for student behaviors in a group-oriented contingency?

Question 25

Explain the pros and cons of group-oriented contingencies and their use in the classroom.