Deck 19: Carbohydrate- and Fat-Modified Diets for Malabsorption Disorders

Question 1

Motility disorders that accelerate gastric emptying or intestinal transit can cause fat malabsorption because they prevent the normal mixing of dietary fat with lipase and bile. ​

Answer 1

True

Question 2

C hemical compounds formed from fatty acids and positively charged minerals are called:

A)oxalate.
B)kidney stones.
C)steatorrhea.
D)MCTs.
E)soaps.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Approximately 75 percent of people worldwide have some degree of lactose intolerance. ​

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Medium-chain triglyceride (MCT)oil does not require bile for digestion and absorption. ​

Question 5

Malabsorption of fat results in:

A)steatorrhea.
B)loss of amino acids.
C)loss of water-soluble vitamins.
D)weight gain.
E)loss of intestinal bacteria.

Question 6

About 70 to 80 percent of acute cases of pancreatitis are caused by autoimmune diseases. ​

Question 7

Severe liver disease can lead to fat malabsorption because:

A)bile availability is reduced.
B)the production of pancreatic lipase is reduced.
C)it results in damage to the intestinal wall.
D)intestinal transit is increased.
E)duodenal surface area is reduced.

Question 8

Ordinarily, the GI tract is protected from bacterial overgrowth by alkaline secretions, which prevent bacterial reproduction.

Question 9

Vitamin B₁₂ is absorbed through the:

A)duodenum.
B)stomach.
C)ileum.
D)colon.
E)mouth mucosa.

Question 10

Many lactose-intolerant individuals can tolerate up to two cups of milk per day, especially when intake is divided throughout the day and taken with food.

Question 11

Fat malabsorption is associated with all of these conditions EXCEPT:

A)weight loss.
B)essential fatty acid deficiency.
C)loss of sodium and potassium.
D)increased risk of kidney stones.
E)deficiency of fat soluble vitamins.

Question 12

Which laboratory test can diagnosis lactose intolerance? ​

A)stool fat test
B)biopsy
C)hydrogen breath test
D)xylose absorption
E)endoscopy ​

Question 13

Which malabsorption disorder is caused by an intestinal infection?

A)celiac disease
B)Crohn's disease
C)radiation enteritis
D)cystic fibrosis
E)giardiasis

Question 14

Malabsorption of _____ often occurs as a consequence of fat malabsorption. ​

A)iron and selenium
B)zinc and manganese
C)calcium and magnesium
D)phosphorous and calcium
E)sodium and potassium

Question 15

Individuals with celiac disease should consume a gluten-free diet until symptoms improve, then switch back to their normal diet. ​

Question 16

Malabsorption of calcium is common in persons with fat malabsorption. This can ultimately result in:

A)fluid and electrolyte imbalances.
B)increased risk of bone loss.
C)loss of taste acuity.
D)insulin resistance.
E)muscle loss.

Question 17

Acute pancreatitis is most often caused by high blood triglycerides. ​

Question 18

The xylose test is used to diagnose:

A)impaired fat digestion.
B)excess vitamin B₁₂absorption.
C)lactose intolerance.
D)problems with stomach emptying.
E)nutrient malabsorption.

Question 19

The hydrogen breath test is often used to diagnose lactose intolerance, but it can diagnose malabsorption of other types of carbohydrate, as well. ​

Question 20

Celiac disease is characterized by an abnormal immune response to certain amino acids. ​

Question 21

Acute pancreatitis can be caused by all of these conditions EXCEPT:

A)gallstones.
B)exposure to toxins.
C)stress.
D)alcohol abuse.
E)elevated blood triglycerides.

Question 22

Thirty to fifty percent of patients with long-term chronic pancreatitis will develop:

A)diabetes.
B)thickened pancreatic secretions.
C)celiac disease.
D)fluid and electrolyte imbalances.
E)kidney failure.

Question 23

Which condition is not a potential cause of bacterial overgrowth? ​

A)atrophic gastritis
B)use of acid-suppressing medications
C)lactose intolerance
D)certain gastrectomy procedures
E)impaired intestinal motility

Question 24

Celiac disease affects intestinal tissue and results in:

A)a significant reduction in mucosal surface area.
B)ulceration, irritation, and bleeding.
C)cessation of the production of digestive enzymes.
D)bacterial overgrowth.
E)cobblestone appearance of the intestinal mucosa.

Question 25

Which foods should be avoided by individuals on a fat-restricted diet? ​

A)angel food cake, fat-free milk, and pears
B)cherry pie, chocolate milk, and spareribs
C)marshmallows, fat-free yogurt, and green beans
D)oranges, jelly beans, and noodles
E)pasta, bread and coffee

Question 26

For patients with fat malabsorption problems, dietary fat is better tolerated if it is:

A)provided in small portions.
B)monounsaturated .
C)limited to one meal per day.
D)consumed as fried food.
E)provided in liquid form.

Question 27

Lactose intolerance is especially prevalent among:

A)Scandinavians.
B)South Americans.
C)Europeans.
D)Caucasians.
E)African Americans.

Question 28

Anemia caused by an illness rather than a nutrient deficiency is known as:

A)a peripheral blood smear.
B)anemia of chronic disease.
C)iron-deficiency anemia.
D)leukemia.
E)malabsorption.

Question 29

Which symptom does not indicate that a child with cystic fibrosis needs an increase in pancreatic enzyme replacement dosage? ​

A)poor growth
B)steatorrhea
C)abdominal pain
D)coughing
E)intestinal gas

Question 30

Fat malabsorption is associated with deficiencies of:

A)water-soluble vitamins, potassium, sodium, and iron.
B)fat- and water-soluble vitamins, magnesium, and iron.
C)fat-soluble vitamins, calcium, magnesium, and essential fatty acids.
D)calcium, potassium, sodium, and essential fatty acids.
E)water-soluble vitamins, potassium, magnesium, and iron.

Question 31

The initial diet order for the patient with acute pancreatitis should be:

A)clear liquids.
B)a fat-controlled diet.
C)nothing by mouth.
D)a regular diet.
E)high-kcalorie diet.

Question 32

Bacterial overgrowth in the stomach and small intestine can result in:

A)deficiencies of fat-soluble vitamins.
B)weight gain.
C)vitamin B₆ deficiency.
D)abnormal glucose tolerance.
E)aplastic anemia.

Question 33

Initial therapy for patients with acute pancreatitis includes:

A)withholding oral foods and fluids until pain, nausea, and vomiting disappear.
B)administration of insulin.
C)stimulation of the pancreas to release protective enzymes.
D)reduction of hydrochloric acid in the stomach.
E)promotion of pancreatic cell growth.

Question 34

Nutrient deficiencies may occur with chronic pancreatitis due to:

A)malabsorption and alcohol abuse.
B)malabsorption of water-soluble vitamins.
C)malabsorption of protein and abdominal pain.
D)malabsorption of carbohydrate.
E)overproduction of insulin.

Question 35

Patients with celiac disease often cannot tolerate:

A)vitamin B_6.
B)lactose.
C)fat.
D)glucose.
E)sucrose.

Question 36

Patients with celiac disease must avoid foods that contain:

A)iron.
B)protein.
C)gluten.
D)sugar.
E)fats.

Question 37

What advice should not be given to individuals who are interested in incorporating MCT oil into their diet? ​

A)It is inexpensive.
B)It should not be used to fry food.
C)It should be added to the diet gradually.
D)It may have an unpleasant taste.
E)It can be absorbed in absence of lipase or bile.

Question 38

What would you recommend for a patient with cystic fibrosis who experiences persistent steatorrhea, gas, and abdominal distention? ​

A)an increase in pancreatic enzyme replacements
B)a severely fat-restricted diet
C)a hydrolyzed formula
D)liberal use of table salt
E)calcium supplements

Question 39

An individual who is experiencing flatulence and diarrhea due to malabsorption problems may benefit from avoiding:

A)decaffeinated beverages.
B)lightly seasoned foods.
C)lactose-containing foods.
D)low-fat foods.
E)protein-rich foods.

Question 40

Nutritional therapy for cystic fibrosis includes all of these recommendations EXCEPT:

A)liberal use of table salt.
B)multivitamin supplements.
C)pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy.
D)a low-protein diet.
E)calcium, iron and zinc supplements.

Question 41

Which type of diet would most benefit a patient with cystic fibrosis?

A)high-kcalorie, high-fat
B)low-kcalorie, low-protein
C)high-protein, low-fat
D)high-fiber
E)low-kcalorie, low-fat

Question 42

In celiac disease, which portion of the digestive tract is typically affected? ​

A)mouth
B)esophagus
C)stomach
D)colon
E)small intestines

Question 43

Case Study Questions ​
Use the following case study to answer questions 45-50.
Kati is a 27-year-old Caucasian who works as a bank teller. She is 5'3" tall and weighs 102 pounds. She began experiencing recurrent gastrointestinal disturbances, such as diarrhea, steatorrhea, and flatulence, several months ago. She made an appointment with her physician after noticing that she was losing weight. Laboratory tests confirmed a diagnosis of celiac disease.
​
Kati will require nutrition education aimed at eliminating gluten from her diet. The dietitian will teach Kati to:

A)avoid all cereal
B)substitute whole-wheat flour for enriched wheat flour when cooking.
C)check ingredient lists on food labels carefully.
D)avoid all milk and milk products.
E)avoid fish and poultry.

Question 44

The type of anemia associated with vitamin B₁₂ and folate deficiency is called:

A)hemolytic anemia.
B)macrocytic anemia.
C)microcytic anemia.
D)anemia of chronic disease.
E)pernicious anemia.

Question 45

Mrs. Hernandez, a 59-year-old female, has been experiencing diarrhea and increased intestinal gas after drinking milk. She is diagnosed with lactose intolerance and subsequently worries about her bone health if she cannot drink milk. The nurse reassures her that she may still be able to tolerate some dairy foods and consume adequate calcium by all of these means EXCEPT:

A)adding lactase to milk.
B)consuming yogurt with live bacterial cultures.
C)dividing her milk intake into small portions throughout the day.
D)consuming processed, but not aged, cheeses.
E)consuming food with her milk.

Question 46

Case Study Questions ​
Use the following case study to answer questions 45-50.
Kati is a 27-year-old Caucasian who works as a bank teller. She is 5'3" tall and weighs 102 pounds. She began experiencing recurrent gastrointestinal disturbances, such as diarrhea, steatorrhea, and flatulence, several months ago. She made an appointment with her physician after noticing that she was losing weight. Laboratory tests confirmed a diagnosis of celiac disease.
​
Kati is at greatest risk of _____ malabsorption. ​

A)macronutrient
B)water-soluble vitamin
C)B vitamin
D)sodium, potassium, and chloride
E)amino acid

Question 47

Which condition does not lead to the development of anemia?

A)inadequate production of erythrocytes
B)rapid destruction of red blood cells
C)loss of erythrocytes due to bleeding
D)deficiency of oxygen in the tissues
E)iron deficiency

Question 48

Hemolytic anemia is associated with a deficiency of:

A)iron.
B)vitamin C.
C)folate.
D)vitamin E.
E)vitamin B_12.

Question 49

Case Study Questions ​
Use the following case study to answer questions 45-50.
Kati is a 27-year-old Caucasian who works as a bank teller. She is 5'3" tall and weighs 102 pounds. She began experiencing recurrent gastrointestinal disturbances, such as diarrhea, steatorrhea, and flatulence, several months ago. She made an appointment with her physician after noticing that she was losing weight. Laboratory tests confirmed a diagnosis of celiac disease.
​
If Kati does not eliminate gluten from her diet, she could likely experience all of these conditions EXCEPT:

A)anemia.
B)infertility.
C)bone disorders.
D)hypertension.
E)muscle wasting.

Question 50

Case Study Questions ​
Use the following case study to answer questions 45-50.
Kati is a 27-year-old Caucasian who works as a bank teller. She is 5'3" tall and weighs 102 pounds. She began experiencing recurrent gastrointestinal disturbances, such as diarrhea, steatorrhea, and flatulence, several months ago. She made an appointment with her physician after noticing that she was losing weight. Laboratory tests confirmed a diagnosis of celiac disease.
​
What does Kati need to understand about the role of oats in her diet? ​

A)She should purchase only uncontaminated oats and consume limited quantities.
B)She should not consume oats in any form.
C)She should limit her consumption of oats to 1 cup of dry rolled oats per day.
D)She will need to learn how to prepare oats correctly for consumption.
E)She will need to always mix oats with proteins.

Question 51

Elevated levels of _____ are indicative of iron deficiency. ​

A)serum iron
B)serum ferritin
C)serum transferrin
D)bone marrow iron
E)RBC count

Question 52

The initial treatment for a patient with acute pancreatitis includes:

A)pain control and intravenous hydration.
B)restricting fluids.
C)tube feeding with an elemental formula.
D)immediate administration of total parenteral nutrition.
E)normal food intake with insulin injections.

Question 53

Which food is included in a gluten-restricted diet? ​

A)wheat
B)rice
C)barley
D)rye
E)malted milk

Question 54

Generally, up to _____% of the small intestine can be resected without serious nutrition consequences. ​

A)25
B)30
C)45
D)50
E)60

Question 55

Deficiencies of _____ most frequently cause anemia. ​

A)iron, folate, and vitamin B₁₂
B)carbohydrate, protein, and fat
C)iron, folate, and vitamin B₆
D)essential fatty acids
E)iron and vitamin D

Question 56

The absorption of vitamins and minerals begins in the:

A)duodenum/jejunum.
B)jejunum/ileum.
C)ileum.
D)colon.
E)stomach.

Question 57

After intestinal resection, the absorptive efficiency of the intestine is improved through:

A)intestinal adaptation.
B)enzyme replacement therapy.
C)following a high-fiber diet.
D)further surgery.
E)hormonal stimulation.

Question 58

Case Study Questions ​
Use the following case study to answer questions 45-50.
Kati is a 27-year-old Caucasian who works as a bank teller. She is 5'3" tall and weighs 102 pounds. She began experiencing recurrent gastrointestinal disturbances, such as diarrhea, steatorrhea, and flatulence, several months ago. She made an appointment with her physician after noticing that she was losing weight. Laboratory tests confirmed a diagnosis of celiac disease.
​
The gastrointestinal symptoms Kati is experiencing are due to:

A)severe damage to the intestinal mucosa and subsequent malabsorption.
B)a lack of pancreatic enzymes and resulting malabsorption.
C)gastrointestinal obstructions caused by the secretion of thick mucus.
D)bacterial overgrowth causing a disruption in fat digestion and absorption.
E)loss of insulin production and function.

Question 59

Which food will be included in the diet plan for a patient with celiac disease?

A)oatmeal
B)scrambled eggs
C)whole-wheat toast
D)pasta
E)mixed oats

Question 60

Case Study Questions ​
Use the following case study to answer questions 45-50.
Kati is a 27-year-old Caucasian who works as a bank teller. She is 5'3" tall and weighs 102 pounds. She began experiencing recurrent gastrointestinal disturbances, such as diarrhea, steatorrhea, and flatulence, several months ago. She made an appointment with her physician after noticing that she was losing weight. Laboratory tests confirmed a diagnosis of celiac disease.
​
​ In addition to consuming a gluten-free diet, Kati should be instructed to avoid _____ until her intestines have recovered.

A)sodium
B)fat
C)lactose
D)fructose
E)sucrose

Question 61

What is the primary cause of chronic pancreatitis? ​

A)high-fat diet
B)gallstones
C)type 2 diabetes
D)alcohol abuse
E)elevated blood triglycerides

Question 62

Which process is impacted by cystic fibrosis? ​

A)blood clotting
B)sweating
C)liver function
D)neuromuscular function
E)blood pressure regulation

Question 64

Most enzyme preparations used to treat pancreatitis are enteric coated to:

A)allow enzymatic activation in the stomach.
B)promote absorption in the ileum.
C)resist stomach acidity.
D)activate the immune system.
E)ensure proper digestion in the duodenum.

Question 65

The target for the hormone erythropoietin is the:

A)lungs.
B)kidney.
C)bone marrow.
D)heart.
E)liver.

Question 72

Fat malabsorption can lead to:

A)kidney stones.
B)diabetes.
C)muscle loss.
D)decreased pancreatic function.
E)hypertension.

Question 73

Intestinal adaptation is a process that:

A)occurs in celiac disease patients who are on gluten-free diets.
B)accounts for the pathology in acute pancreatitis.
C)results in diminished intestinal function.
D)occurs after a prolonged low-fat diet.
E)occurs after a bowel resection.

Question 76

Which clinical procedure does not evaluate and diagnose malabsorption? ​

A)endoscopy
B)stool fat analysis
C)hydrogen breath test
D)xylose absorption test
E)resection

Question 77

A patient with celiac disease should avoid:

A)tofu.
B)fresh fruit.
C)egg custards.
D)vodka.
E)soy sauce.

Question 78

Iron is absorbed primarily in the:

A)lungs.
B)duodenum.
C)stomach.
D)ileum.
E)liver.

Question 79

Which organ senses low oxygen content and releases chemicals that stimulate RBC production?

A)lungs
B)kidney
C)bone marrow
D)heart
E)liver