Deck 5: Data Organization and Descriptive Statistics

Question 1

A table in which the scores are grouped into intervals and listed along with the frequency of scores in each interval is a _____.​

A)bar graph
B)histogram
C)class interval frequency distribution
D)class interval frequency polygon

Answer 1

class interval frequency distribution

Question 2

A distribution can have more than one ____ but can have only one _____.​

A)median; mode or mean
B)mean; mode or median
C)mode; median or mean
D)median or mode; mean

Answer 2

mode; median or mean

Question 3

_____ is to organizing data using a table as _____ is to organizing data using a figure.​

A)Histogram; bar graph
B)Frequency polygon; bar graph
C)Frequency distribution; histogram
D)Frequency polygon; frequency distribution

Answer 3

Frequency distribution; histogram

Question 4

A number that characterizes the "middleness" of an entire distribution is _____.​

A)a measure of central tendency
B)a measure of variability
C)an inferential statistic
D)the standard deviation

Question 5

A line graph of the frequencies of individual scores is a _____.​

A)histogram
B)frequency distribution
C)frequency polygon
D)bar graph

Question 6

A graphical representation of a frequency distribution in which vertical bars are centered above each category along the x-axis and are separated from each other by a space is a _____.​

A)histogram
B)bar graph
C)pie graph
D)frequency polygon

Question 7

The arithmetic average of a distribution is the _____.​

A)mean
B)median
C)mode
D)standard deviation

Question 8

Mode is to _____ and median is to _____.​

A)interval and ratio data only; nominal data only
B)nominal data only; ordinal data only
C)all types of data; ordinal, interval, and ratio data only
D)none of the options is correct

Question 9

Qualitative variable is to quantitative variable as ____ is to _____.

A)categorical variable; numerical variable
B)numerical variable; categorical variable
C)ordinal, interval, or ratio data; nominal data
D)categorical variable and ordinal, interval, or ratio data; numerical variable and nominal data

Question 10

A table in which all of the scores are listed along with the frequency with which each occurs is a _____.​

A)bar graph
B)histogram
C)frequency polygon
D)frequency distribution

Question 11

A categorical variable for which each value represents a discrete category is a _____ variable.​

A)qualitative
B)quantitative
C)continuous
D)class interval

Question 12

When Ms. Jones calculated her students' accounting test scores, she noticed that one student had an extremely low score. Which measure of central tendency should not be used in this situation?​

A)mean
B)standard deviation
C)mode
D)median

Question 13

Arithmetic average is to _____ as score occurring with the greatest frequency is to _____.​

A)mean; median
B)median; mode
C)mean; mode
D)mode; median

Question 14

During the past year, Cindy and Bobby each read 2 books, but Greg read 25, Jan read 12, and Marcia read 9. The median number of books read by these individuals was​

A)2.
B)9.
C)10.
D)50.

Question 15

A graphical representation of a frequency distribution in which vertical bars centered above scores on the x-axis touch each other is a _____.

A)histogram
B)bar graph
C)pie graph
D)frequency polygon

Question 16

Bar graphs are to _____ as frequency polygons are to _____.​

A)quantitative variables; qualitative variables
B)qualitative variables; quantitative variables
C)continuous data; discrete data
D)quantitative variables and continuous data; qualitative variables and discrete data

Question 17

The middle score in a distribution after the scores have been arranged from highest to lowest or lowest to highest is the _____.​

A)mean​
B)median
C)mode
D)standard deviation

Question 18

Imagine that 86,999 people who are penniless live in Centerville. Bill Gates, whose net worth is $87,000,000,000, moves to Centerville. Now the mean net worth in this town is _____ and the median net worth is _____.

A)0; 0
B)0; $1,000,000
C)$1,000,000; 0
D)$1,000,000; $1,000,000

Question 19

A variable for which the scores represent a change in quantity is a _____ variable.

A)qualitative
B)quantitative
C)class interval
D)nominal

Question 20

Seven students reported the following individual earnings from their sale of wrapping paper: $7, $13, $3, $5, $2, $9, and $3. In this distribution of individual earnings, the mean is _____ the mode and _____ the median.​

A)equal to; equal to
B)greater than; equal to
C)equal to; less than
D)greater than; greater than

Question 21

If Joe scored 25 on a test with a mean of 20 and a standard deviation of 5 what is his z-score?​

A)25
B)+1.0
C)0.0
D)cannot be determined

Question 22

Faculty in the psychology department at State University consume an average of 5 cups of coffee per day with a standard deviation of 1.5. The distribution is normal. What proportion of faculty consumes an amount between 4 and 6 cups?​

A)0.5468
B)0.4972
C)0.50
D)none of the options is correct

Question 23

Draw the frequency polygon for the following distribution (there are 30 scores in the distribution). In addition, calculate the mean, median, and mode for the distribution.
48, 50, 53, 59, 59, 63, 63, 67, 67, 67, 72, 72, 72, 78, 78, 78, 78, 85, 85, 85, 85, 85, 90, 90, 90, 90, 95, 95, 98, 100
​

Question 24

Explain the difference in proper use between a bar graph and a histogram.

Question 25

A z-score is most affected by the​

A)median.
B)mode.
C)standard deviation.
D)range.

Question 26

The calculation of the average deviation differs from the calculation of the standard deviation in that when calculating the average deviation the difference scores are​

A)squared.
B)converted to absolute values.
C)squared and converted to absolute values.
D)it does not differ.

Question 27

Explain the difference between qualitative and quantitative variables noting the relationship of nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio data to these terms.​

Question 28

Which of the following is FALSE?​

A)The range is a simplistic measure of variation that does not use all scores in the distribution in its calculation.
B)The average deviation is a more sophisticated measure of variation than the range in which all scores are used but which may not weight extreme scores adequately.
C)The standard deviation is the least sophisticated measure of variation and the least frequently used.
D)all of the options are true

Question 29

Imagine that distribution A contains the following scores: 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. Imagine that distribution B contains the following scores: 1, 3, 5, 8, 10. Distribution A has a _____ standard deviation and a _____ average deviation in comparison to distribution B.​

A)larger; larger
B)smaller; smaller
C)larger; smaller
D)smaller; larger

Question 30

Faculty in the psychology department at State University consume an average of 5 cups of coffee per day with a standard deviation of 1.5. The distribution is normal. What is the percentile rank for an individual who consumed 8 cups of coffee per day?​

A)97.72
B)2.28
C)47.72
D)none of the options is correct

Question 31

Approximately what percentage of scores are between z=1 and z=2?​

A)50
B)68
C)16
D)13.5

Question 32

Karen's first psychology exam score is ‑1 standard deviation from the mean in a normal distribution. The test has a mean of 75 and a standard deviation of 5. Karen's percentile rank would be​

A)16%.​
B)54%.
C)70%.
D)cannot determine from the information given

Question 33

Which of the following is a disadvantage of using the range as a measure of variation?​

A)It is limited because only two of the scores in the distribution are used to derive it.
B)It is easily distorted by an unusually high or low score in a distribution.
C)It can only be used with nominal data.
D)It is limited because only two of the scores in the distribution are used to derive it, and it is easily distorted by an unusually high or low score in a distribution.

Question 34

If the average height for women is normally distributed with a mean of 65 inches and a standard deviation of 2.5 inches, then approximately 95% of all women should be between _____ and _____ inches in height.​

A)62.5; 67.7
B)60; 70
C)57.5; 72.5
D)cannot determine from the information given

Question 35

If the shape of a frequency distribution is lopsided, with a long tail projecting longer to the right than to the left, how would the distribution be skewed?​

A)normally​
B)negatively
C)positively
D)average

Question 36

Sue took a test in both biology and math last week. The biology test had a mean of 70 and a standard deviation of 7 whereas the math test had a mean of 75 and a standard deviation of 10. Sue scored a 76 on the biology test and a 76 on the math test. On which test did she do better in comparison to the rest of the class?​

A)the math test
B)the biology test
C)she did the same on each test
D)cannot be determined

Question 37

Rich's first psychology exam score is +1 standard deviation from the mean in a normal distribution. The test has a mean of 60 and a standard deviation of 6. Rich's percentile rank would be approximately​

A)70%.
B)84%.
C)66%.
D)cannot determine from the information given

Question 38

Faculty in the psychology department at State University consume an average of 5 cups of coffee per day with a standard deviation of 1.5. The distribution is normal. How many cups of coffee would an individual at the 25th percentile drink per day?​

A)4
B)5
C)6
D)7

Question 39

In a psychology class of 100 students, test scores are normally distributed with a mean of 80 and a standard deviation of 5. Approximately what percentage of students have scores between 70 and 90?​

A)68%
B)80%
C)95%
D)99%

Question 40

Calculate the mean, median, and mode for the following sample: 2, 2, 6, 9, 10, 11, 15, 17, 18, 20.​

Question 41

Calculate S (standard deviation) and A.D. (average deviation) for the following sample.
2, 2, 6, 9, 10, 10, 15, 18, 18, 20.

Question 42

Students in the psychology department consume an average of 5 cups of coffee per day with a standard deviation of 1.75 cups. The number of cups of coffee consumed is normally distributed.​

Question 43

Tom, Tina, & Tori took a verbal aptitude test. The test was normally distributed with a mean of 70 and s = 15. Complete the following table.​

Question 44

For a hypothetical normal distribution of test scores, approximately 95% fall between 38 and 62, 2.5% are below 38, and 2.5% are above 62. Given this information, (a) the mode = _________ and (b) the standard deviation = _________.​

Question 45

Draw two distributions with the same standard deviations but different means.