Deck 6: The Skeletal System: Axial Division

Question 1

The facial bones ________.

A) enclose the cranial cavity
B) consist of the frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, nasal, lacrimal, and zygomatic bones
C) protect and support the entrances to the digestive and respiratory tracts
D) form a specialized joint that stabilizes the positions of the cranium and vertebral column while permitting a considerable range of head movements
E) comprise the "braincase" that surrounds and protects the brain

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The ethmoid contains ________.

A) an interconnected network of air cells, which produce mucous secretions that flush the surfaces of the nasal cavities
B) the cribriform plate, which is perforated by foramina
C) a perpendicular plate, which forms the superior part of the nasal septum
D) a prominent bony ridge to which is attached the falx cerebri, a membrane that stabilizes the position of the brain
E) All of the answers are correct.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

The superior aspect of each nasal bone articulates with the ________ bone.

A) maxilla
B) zygomatic
C) frontal
D) sphenoid
E) ethmoid

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The point of attachment for muscles that extend and rotate the head is the ________.

A) styloid process
B) mastoid process
C) posterior clinoid process
D) articular tubercle
E) external occipital protuberance

Question 5

Which of the following openings is found within the frontal bone?

A) supra-orbital foramen
B) foramen spinosum
C) foramen lacerum
D) optic canal
E) foramen ovale

Question 6

The lambdoid suture is the boundary between which bones?

A) parietal and occipital
B) frontal and nasal
C) frontal and sphenoid
D) parietal and temporal
E) parietal and frontal

Question 7

Which of the following is true of the foramen magnum?

A) It allows passage of the carotid arteries into the head.
B) It is located between the parietal and occipital bones.
C) It is located in the inferior surface of the occipital bone.
D) It is the second largest foramen in the cranium.
E) It primarily provides passage for the optic nerve.

Question 8

Which of the following sutures marks the boundary between the temporal bone and the parietal bone of each side of the skull?

A) sagittal
B) squamous
C) frontonasal
D) coronal
E) lambdoid

Question 9

The depression that cradles and protects the pituitary gland is called the ________.

A) crista galli
B) greater wing
C) lesser wing
D) cribiform plate
E) sella turcica

Question 10

The ________ processes are vertical projections of the sphenoid bone that are important sites for attachment of muscles that move the lower jaw and soft palate.

A) styloid
B) anterior clinoid
C) pterygoid
D) posterior clinoid
E) zygomatic

Question 11

The axial skeleton functions in ________.

A) housing special sense organs for taste, smell, hearing, balance, and sight
B) providing an extensive surface for the attachment of muscles that adjust the positions of the head, neck, and trunk
C) forming a framework that supports and protects organs in the ventral body cavities
D) the production of blood cells by the red marrow found in portions of the vertebrae, sternum, and ribs
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 12

The parietal, temporal, frontal, and occipital bones are part of (the)________.

A) cranium
B) skull
C) facial bones
D) axial skeleton
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 13

The external surface of each ________ bone bears a pair of low ridges, which mark the attachment of the temporalis muscles.

A) temporal
B) parietal
C) frontal
D) occipital
E) sphenoidal

Question 14

Bones of the axial skeleton form the ________ axis of the body.

A) transverse
B) coronal
C) longitudinal
D) horizontal
E) diagonal

Question 15

The frontal bone, the ethmoid, and the lesser wings of the sphenoid form the ________.

A) posterior cranial fossa
B) internal nares
C) anterior cranial fossa
D) middle cranial fossa
E) crista galli

Question 16

Which of the following features belongs to the occipital bone?

A) mental foramen
B) mandibular foramen
C) coronoid process
D) hypoglossal canal
E) mylohyoid line

Question 17

Which of the following contains the external acoustic meatus?

A) frontal
B) temporal
C) sphenoid
D) ethmoid
E) maxillary

Question 18

The divisions of the skeletal system include (the)________.

A) dorsal and ventral
B) axial and appendicular
C) proximal and distal
D) cranial, caudal, and anterior
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 19

The small depression on the temporal bone with which the mandible articulates is called (the)________.

A) temporal fossa
B) temporal foramen
C) mandibular fossa
D) mandibular foramen
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 20

Bones located within a space in the temporal bone that provide the sense of hearing are called ________.

A) acoustic bones
B) external acoustic meatus
C) internal acoustic meatus
D) auditory ossicles
E) foramen lacerum

Question 21

Which feature of the palatine bone articulates with the maxilla to form the posterior portion of the bony palate?

A) perpendicular plate
B) ethmoidal crest
C) conchal crest
D) nasal crest
E) horizontal plate

Question 22

The ________ is/are the bone(s)that makes up the inferior portion of the nasal septum.

A) lacrimal bones
B) nasal bones
C) vomer
D) palatine bones
E) inferior nasal conchae

Question 23

The temporal processes are part of which bone?

A) occipital
B) temporal
C) zygomatic
D) sphenoid
E) maxilla

Question 24

Bones of the skull that articulate with the zygomatic bone include (the)________.

A) temporal bone
B) frontal bone
C) maxillary bone
D) sphenoid
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 25

The ________ extends to the smooth articular surface of the head of the mandible.

A) alveolar part
B) mylohyoid line
C) coronoid process
D) condylar process
E) mandibular fossa

Question 26

Which of the following fontanelels is found at the junctions between the squamous suture and the coronal suture?

A) sphenoidal
B) anterior
C) lambdoid
D) mastoid
E) posterior

Question 27

Features of the maxillae include ________.

A) sinuses
B) alveolar processes
C) orbital surfaces
D) infra-orbital groove
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 28

Which of the following bones forms most of the lateral wall of the orbit?

A) frontal bone
B) sphenoid bone
C) ethmoid bone
D) zygomatic bone
E) maxilla

Question 29

Paranasal sinuses ________.

A) produce mucus
B) act as extensions of and open into the nasal cavities
C) resonate during sound production
D) lighten skull bones
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 30

The superior and middle nasal concha of the ethmoid ________.

A) are perforated by foramina that allow passage of the branches of the olfactory nerves
B) provide additional time for warming, humidifying, and dust removal before incoming air reaches more delicate portions of the respiratory tract
C) form part of the nasal septum, a partition that also includes the vomer and a piece of hyaline cartilage
D) separate the right and left sides of the cribriform plate
E) stabilize the position of the brain

Question 31

Fontaneles on an infant's head ________.

A) occur where the cranial bones have not yet fused
B) allow the skull to be distorted without damage
C) are areas of fibrous connective tissue
D) All of the answers are correct.
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 32

Which of the following bones contains the infra-orbital foramen?

A) zygomatic
B) maxilla
C) frontal
D) ethmoid
E) sphenoid

Question 33

Which bone makes up most of the floor of the orbit?

A) maxilla
B) sphenoid
C) frontal
D) palatine
E) ethmoid

Question 34

Which of the following is true of the vomer bone?

A) It It forms the superior portion of the nasal septum.
B) It is attached to the lateral wall of the nasal cavity.
C) It articulates with the mandible and both the zygomatic bones.
D) It supports the olfactory epithelium.
E) It forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum.

Question 35

Which bone is not in direct contact with any other bone of the skeleton?

A) ethmoid
B) sphenoid
C) palatine
D) hyoid
E) zygomatic

Question 36

The bony structure of the orbit is composed of which of the following?

A) maxilla, zygomatic, lacrimal, and palatine only
B) ethmoid, sphenoid, frontal, lacrimal, maxilla, zygomatic, and palatine
C) zygomatic, nasal, frontal, and sphenoid only
D) zygomatic, nasal, frontal, sphenoid, palatine, lacrimal, and temporal
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 37

The convex anterior surface of the frontal bone is called the ________, or forehead, which functions as an attachment site for muscles of the scalp.

A) squamous part
B) frontal crest
C) orbital part
D) supra-orbital margin
E) alveolar part

Question 38

Which of the following features belongs to the mandibular bone?

A) supraorbital margins
B) supraciliary arches
C) frontal suture
D) lacrimal fossa
E) mental foramen

Question 39

The anterior two-thirds of the bony palate is formed by the ________ of the maxillae.

A) alveolar process
B) palatine process
C) frontal process
D) orbital surface
E) perpendicular plate

Question 40

Which of the following lists includes only facial bones?

A) frontals, nasals, parietals, and occipital
B) maxillae, palatines, mandible, zygomatics, lacrimals
C) sphenoid, ethmoid, maxillae, and mandible
D) inferior conchae, vomer, ethmoid, nasal, lacrimals, and sphenoid
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 41

Which of the following structures can most easily be felt on the dorsum?

A) transverse process
B) spinous process
C) vertebral body
D) intervertebral disc
E) pedicle

Question 42

The vertebral arch ________.

A) projects dorsally and often caudally from the midline
B) is the part of the vertebra that transfers weight along the axis of the vertebral column
C) arises at the junction between the pedicle and the lamina
D) forms the lateral and posterior margins of the vertebral foramen
E) are interconnected by ligaments and separated by pads of fibrous cartilage

Question 43

The vertebral column ________.

A) provides a passageway for cranial nerves that begin or end at the spinal cord
B) consists of 26 vertebrae, the sacrum, and the coccyx
C) helps maintain the curved position of the body while sitting or standing
D) provides a column of support, bearing the weight of the hips and lower limbs
E) is divided into the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal regions

Question 44

Which of the following can be found on cervical vertebrae only?

A) facets
B) transverse processes
C) transverse foramina
D) laminae
E) spinous processes

Question 45

Ribs 1-10 articulate with the bodies of the thoracic vertebrae and facets on (the)________.

A) spinous processes of the lumbar vertebrae
B) transverse processes of the thoracic vertebrae
C) spinous processes of the thoracic vertebrae
D) xiphoid process of the sternum
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 46

In the normal adult, there are ________ distinct curvatures to the vertebral column.

A) five
B) three
C) four
D) seven
E) six

Question 47

The major function of the vertebral body is to ________.

A) allow twisting motions
B) provide support
C) protect the spinal cord
D) transfer weight along the axis of the vertebral column
E) provide a passageway for nerves

Question 48

The primary curves of the vertebral column are the ________.

A) cervical and thoracic
B) thoracic and sacral
C) dorsal and ventral
D) thoracic and coccygeal
E) cervical, lumbar, and sacral

Question 49

Which type of vertebra has a transverse costal facet?

A) coccygeal
B) sacral
C) cervical
D) lumbar
E) thoracic

Question 50

What vertebra contains the dens?

A) axis
B) atlas
C) cervical
D) sacrum
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 51

The transverse foramina function in ________.

A) permitting rotation of the head
B) providing additional surface area for muscle attachment
C) maintaining the cervical curvature without muscular effort
D) protecting the vertebral arteries and vertebral veins, which are important blood vessels supplying the brain
E) permitting nodding of the head but prevent twisting

Question 52

In the condition called spina bifida, the most common neural tube defect (NTD), a portion of the spinal cord develops abnormally such that the adjacent ________ do not form.

A) spinous processes
B) pedicles
C) vertebral arches
D) transverse processes
E) vertebral bodies

Question 53

During development, the body of C1 fuses to the body of C2, creating the prominent ________ of the axis.

A) bifid process
B) pedicle
C) vertebral prominens
D) costal process
E) dens

Question 54

The ________ arise at the junction between the vertebral pedicles and laminae, and are divided into a superior type, which projects cranially, and an inferior type, which projects caudally.

A) costal processes
B) articular processes
C) vertebral bodies
D) transverse processes
E) spinous processes

Question 55

The posterior tubercle is a part of the ________.

A) atlas
B) vertebra prominens
C) sacral promontory
D) axis
E) thoracic vertebra

Question 56

The primary curvatures of the spine functions mainly in ________.

A) accommodation of the thoracic and abdominopelvic viscera
B) aligning the weight of the head over the legs
C) shifting the weight of the trunk to the hips and lower extremities
D) increasing the ability to extend the limbs
E) taking weight off the hips

Question 57

Compression injury is most likely to occur in which of the following?

A) coccygeal vertebrae
B) cervical vertebra
C) lumbar vertebra
D) sacral vertebra
E) thoracic vertebra

Question 58

An anterior exaggeration of the lumbar curve can lead to which of the following?

A) lordosis
B) scoliosis
C) kyphosis
D) All of the answers are correct.
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 59

Which region of the vertebral column forms interlocking vertebral bodies that permit a relatively greater degree of flexibility than do those of other regions?

A) cervical
B) thoracic
C) lumbar
D) sacral
E) coccygeal

Question 60

Which of the following spinal curvatures is/are convex anteriorly?

A) sacral only
B) thoracic and sacral
C) cervical only
D) lumbar and thoracic
E) cervical and lumbar

Question 61

The inferior nasal conchae are paired scroll-like bones, each of which attach to the lateral walls of the nasal cavity on each side of the nasal septum.

Question 62

The spinous processes of the five fused sacral vertebrae form a series of elevations along the ________.

A) median sacral crest
B) lateral sacral tuberosity
C) medial sacral hiatus
D) medial sacral promontory
E) lateral sacral cornua

Question 63

Which of the following organ systems would most likely be affected by a broken rib?

A) endocrine
B) digestive
C) respiratory
D) excretory
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 64

Scoliosis is an exaggeration of the normal posterior curvature of the thoracic spine.

Question 65

The sphenoid bone has two condylar processes.

Question 66

The mandible is the upper jawbone.

Question 67

The temporal bone contains the foramen magnum and forms part of the wall of the jugular foramen.

Question 68

The true ribs ________.

A) consist of twelve pairs
B) are the only ribs that are unpaired
C) attach to the sternum by separate cartilaginous extensions
D) attach only to the vertebral column
E) attach directly to the body of the sternum by bone to bone contact

Question 69

The lacrimal bones form the cheekbones and some of the lateral wall of the orbit.

Question 70

The most inferior portion of the sternum to which the diaphragm and rectus abdominis muscles attach is called the ________.

A) manubrium
B) body
C) xiphoid process
D) sternal angle
E) sternal groove

Question 71

The zygomatic process is part of the temporal bone.

Question 72

Which of the following organs is protected by the rib cage?

A) lungs
B) heart
C) thymus
D) All of the answers are correct.
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 73

The ________, which is the interface between the cervical curve and the thoracic curve, has a long, slender spinous process that ends in a broad tubercle that can be felt beneath the skin at the base of the neck.

A) vertebra prominens
B) axis
C) T1 vertebra
D) atlas
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 74

The broad, triangular ________ articulates with the clavicles of the appendicular skeleton and the costal cartilages of the first pair of ribs.

A) xiphoid process
B) manubrium
C) sternal body
D) jugular notch
E) interarticular crest

Question 75

Coccygeal fracture is possible during childbirth or when one falls on the buttocks.

Question 76

The sphenoid bone contains the foramen rotundum and superior orbital fissure.

Question 77

The most massive portion of the temporal bone is the squamous part, which surrounds and protects the sense organs of hearing and balance.

Question 78

Ribs 8-10 are called ________ ribs.

A) floating
B) vertebrosternal
C) true
D) vertebrochondral
E) tubercle

Question 79

Choose the correct combination matching the type of rib to its associated number of ribs.

A) true ribs; 6
B) false ribs; 4
C) true ribs; 4
D) floating ribs; 4
E) true ribs; 10

Question 80

Ribs 11 and 12 and called ________ ribs.

A) floating
B) false
C) true
D) vertebrochondral
E) Both floating and false are correct