Deck 13: Motivating Operations

Question 1

With each successive copulation, two rabbits wait longer and longer between successive matings, until they achieve a more "human" pace. This decrease in the rate of copulation demonstrates the effect of:

A) Deprivation
B) Satiation

Answer 1

B

Question 2

With each successive copulation, two rabbits wait longer and longer between successive matings, until they achieve a more "human" pace. This effect is demonstrated by a decrease in ___.

A) Learning
B) Performance

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Someone forgot to remove the water bottles from the new rats' cages before their very first lab session, giving the rats free access to water. The rats are less likely to engage in responses in the second session. What would satiation hurt in this case?

A) Learning
B) Performance
C) Rudolph's sense of self-esteem
D) None of the above

Answer 3

A

Question 4

On Wednesday, Jimmy had just eaten a big breakfast before Eve started reinforcing the new nose-touch response with a ¼ spoonful of cereal and skimmed milk. The following morning, they started the next session before Jimmy had had breakfast, but his performance was poor. The big breakfast on Wednesday illustrates the effects of satiation on ________

A) Learning
B) Performance
C) None of the above

Question 5

-The following diagram depicts____.

A) Deprivation
B) Satiation

Question 6

-The MO in the previous diagram ___relevant learning and performance.

A) Increases
B) Decreases

Question 7

-The more water the rat has recently drunk, the ____ effective water will be as a reinforcer in learning a new response.

A) More
B) Less
C) Neither

Question 8

-Eve used tiny reinforcers (1/4 teaspoon of cereal) instead of big spoonsful to get Jimmy to touch his nose because:

A) She doesn't want Jimmy's learning to become too dependent on cereal.
B) Jimmy doesn't deserve more.
C) Of the satiation principle.
D) Of the principle of shaping.

Question 9

Morphine is a(n) _____

A) Aggression reinforcer
B) Addictive reinforcer
C) Imprinted reinforcer
D) Legal reinforcer on the streets of Kalamazoo

Question 10

The electric shock in an aggression experiment is a(n) ____

A) Imprinted reinforcer
B) Early stimulus reinforcer
C) Motivating operation
D) Schedule-induced pica
E) Aggression reinforcer

Question 11

In extinction, the opportunity to peck another pigeon will reinforce key peck responses.

Question 12

Under what conditions did the pigeon NOT attack the other pigeon?

A) Extinction
B) Frustrating conditions
C) When the researcher was present
D) Continuous reinforcement

Question 13

Aversive stimuli and extinction are _____, that _____ the reinforcing effectiveness of aggression reinforcers. (Note: Order is important and pick two answers, write letters on the line.)

A) Addictive reinforcers
B) Aggression reinforcers
C) Motivating operations
D) Decrease
E) Increase

Question 14

Sid was upset because he had to quickly stop for some birds crossing the street, so Dawn made the remark "Sid, honey, they're so cute." Dawn's remark is an example of subtle aggression.

Question 15

Thompson and Schuster's research (the experiment with monkeys) suggests that the only way morphine can maintain self-administration is through reinforcement by escape from an aversive condition.

Question 16

Aggression is likely to occur during an interruption of a strong stereotyped ritual (behavior chain).

Question 17

According to PoB, aggression behavior is

A) Learned
B) Unlearned (innate)

Question 18

Our ancestors were into aggression reinforcers, and it's a good thing for us that they were!

Question 19

Today is your first lab in training Rudolph to press the lever. Every time he presses the lever, you'll give him a drop of water. Because he has been deprived of water for 23 hours, water becomes quite an effective reinforcer for him.
Match the letters in the boxes to the words that should go in those boxes in order to complete the following contingency diagram of Rudolph's lever pressing and its corresponding motivating operation.

-Before

A) No water
B) Water
C) Stops lever pressing
D) Presses the lever more in the future
E) Rudolph has consumed a substantial amount of water
F) Rudolph has not had water recently

Question 20

Today is your first lab in training Rudolph to press the lever. Every time he presses the lever, you'll give him a drop of water. Because he has been deprived of water for 23 hours, water becomes quite an effective reinforcer for him.
Match the letters in the boxes to the words that should go in those boxes in order to complete the following contingency diagram of Rudolph's lever pressing and its corresponding motivating operation.

-After

A) No water
B) Water
C) Stops lever pressing
D) Presses the lever more in the future
E) Rudolph has consumed a substantial amount of water
F) Rudolph has not had water recently

Question 21

Today is your first lab in training Rudolph to press the lever. Every time he presses the lever, you'll give him a drop of water. Because he has been deprived of water for 23 hours, water becomes quite an effective reinforcer for him.
Match the letters in the boxes to the words that should go in those boxes in order to complete the following contingency diagram of Rudolph's lever pressing and its corresponding motivating operation.

-Motivating Operation

A) No water
B) Water
C) Stops lever pressing
D) Presses the lever more in the future
E) Rudolph has consumed a substantial amount of water
F) Rudolph has not had water recently

Question 22

Match the following definitions with the terms below.

-Motivating operation

A)Withholding a reinforcer increases its effectiveness.
B)Consuming a large amount of a reinforcer decreases its effectiveness.
C)An operation that affects the effectiveness of a reinforcer.
D)An operation that decreases the effectiveness of a reinforcer.
E)An operation that increases the effectiveness of a reinforcer.
F)A reinforcing stimulus resulting from acts of aggression.
G)A reinforcer for which repeated exposure is a motivating operation.
H)Negative reinforcers and extinction are motivating operations for aggression reinforcers.

Question 23

Match the following definitions with the terms below.

-Establishing operation (EO)

A)Withholding a reinforcer increases its effectiveness.
B)Consuming a large amount of a reinforcer decreases its effectiveness.
C)An operation that affects the effectiveness of a reinforcer.
D)An operation that decreases the effectiveness of a reinforcer.
E)An operation that increases the effectiveness of a reinforcer.
F)A reinforcing stimulus resulting from acts of aggression.
G)A reinforcer for which repeated exposure is a motivating operation.
H)Negative reinforcers and extinction are motivating operations for aggression reinforcers.

Question 24

Match the following definitions with the terms below.

-Deprivation

A)Withholding a reinforcer increases its effectiveness.
B)Consuming a large amount of a reinforcer decreases its effectiveness.
C)An operation that affects the effectiveness of a reinforcer.
D)An operation that decreases the effectiveness of a reinforcer.
E)An operation that increases the effectiveness of a reinforcer.
F)A reinforcing stimulus resulting from acts of aggression.
G)A reinforcer for which repeated exposure is a motivating operation.
H)Negative reinforcers and extinction are motivating operations for aggression reinforcers.

Question 25

Match the following definitions with the terms below.

-Satiation

A)Withholding a reinforcer increases its effectiveness.
B)Consuming a large amount of a reinforcer decreases its effectiveness.
C)An operation that affects the effectiveness of a reinforcer.
D)An operation that decreases the effectiveness of a reinforcer.
E)An operation that increases the effectiveness of a reinforcer.
F)A reinforcing stimulus resulting from acts of aggression.
G)A reinforcer for which repeated exposure is a motivating operation.
H)Negative reinforcers and extinction are motivating operations for aggression reinforcers.

Question 26

Match the following definitions with the terms below.

-Aggression reinforcer

A)Withholding a reinforcer increases its effectiveness.
B)Consuming a large amount of a reinforcer decreases its effectiveness.
C)An operation that affects the effectiveness of a reinforcer.
D)An operation that decreases the effectiveness of a reinforcer.
E)An operation that increases the effectiveness of a reinforcer.
F)A reinforcing stimulus resulting from acts of aggression.
G)A reinforcer for which repeated exposure is a motivating operation.
H)Negative reinforcers and extinction are motivating operations for aggression reinforcers.

Question 27

Match the following definitions with the terms below.

-The aggression principle

A)Withholding a reinforcer increases its effectiveness.
B)Consuming a large amount of a reinforcer decreases its effectiveness.
C)An operation that affects the effectiveness of a reinforcer.
D)An operation that decreases the effectiveness of a reinforcer.
E)An operation that increases the effectiveness of a reinforcer.
F)A reinforcing stimulus resulting from acts of aggression.
G)A reinforcer for which repeated exposure is a motivating operation.
H)Negative reinforcers and extinction are motivating operations for aggression reinforcers.

Question 28

Match the following definitions with the terms below.

-Addictive reinforcer

A)Withholding a reinforcer increases its effectiveness.
B)Consuming a large amount of a reinforcer decreases its effectiveness.
C)An operation that affects the effectiveness of a reinforcer.
D)An operation that decreases the effectiveness of a reinforcer.
E)An operation that increases the effectiveness of a reinforcer.
F)A reinforcing stimulus resulting from acts of aggression.
G)A reinforcer for which repeated exposure is a motivating operation.
H)Negative reinforcers and extinction are motivating operations for aggression reinforcers.

Question 29

Match the following definitions with the terms below.

-Abolishing operation (AO)

A)Withholding a reinforcer increases its effectiveness.
B)Consuming a large amount of a reinforcer decreases its effectiveness.
C)An operation that affects the effectiveness of a reinforcer.
D)An operation that decreases the effectiveness of a reinforcer.
E)An operation that increases the effectiveness of a reinforcer.
F)A reinforcing stimulus resulting from acts of aggression.
G)A reinforcer for which repeated exposure is a motivating operation.
H)Negative reinforcers and extinction are motivating operations for aggression reinforcers.

Question 30

Fill in the Blank

-Deprivation
$\bullet$ Withholding a _________________________________
$\bullet$ increases its __________________________________.

Question 31

Fill in the Blank

-Satiation
$\bullet$ Consuming a large amount of a _____________________________
$\bullet$ ____________________________ its effectiveness.

Question 32

Fill in the Blank

-Motivating operation (MO)
$\bullet$ An operation that affects the _______________________________ of
$\bullet$ a reinforcer.

Question 33

Fill in the Blank

-Establishing operation (EO)
$\bullet$ An operation that _______________________________the effectiveness of
$\bullet$ a reinforcer.

Question 34

Fill in the Blank

-Abolishing operation (AO)
$\bullet$ An operation that ______________________________ the effectiveness of
$\bullet$ a reinforcer.

Question 35

Fill in the Blank

-Aggression reinforcer
$\bullet$ A reinforcing stimulus resulting from acts of __________________________.

Question 36

Fill in the Blank

-The aggression principle
$\bullet$ _________________________ reinforcers and extinction are motivating operations
$\bullet$ for aggression __________________________.

Question 37

Fill in the Blank

-Addictive reinforcer
$\bullet$ A reinforcer for which
$\bullet$ ____________________________exposure
$\bullet$ is a motivating operation.

Question 38

Define the following concepts:
-Deprivation

Question 39

Define the following concepts:
-Satiation

Question 40

Define the following concepts:
-Motivating operation (MO)

Question 41

Define the following concepts:
-Establishing operation (EO)

Question 42

Define the following concepts:
-Abolishing operation (AO)

Question 43

Define the following concepts:
-Aggression reinforcer

Question 44

Define the following concepts:
-The aggression principle

Question 45

Define the following concepts:
-Addictive reinforcer

Question 46

For each of the following concepts, provide an example from the book or from your own life.
-Deprivation

Question 47

For each of the following concepts, provide an example from the book or from your own life.
-Satiation

Question 48

For each of the following concepts, provide an example from the book or from your own life.
-Motivating operation (MO)

Question 49

For each of the following concepts, provide an example from the book or from your own life.
-Establishing operation (EO)

Question 50

For each of the following concepts, provide an example from the book or from your own life.
-Abolishing operation (AO)

Question 51

For each of the following concepts, provide an example from the book or from your own life.
-Aggression reinforcer

Question 52

For each of the following concepts, provide an example from the book or from your own life.
-The aggression principle

Question 53

For each of the following concepts, provide an example from the book or from your own life.
-Addictive reinforcer

Question 54

What's the difference between satiation and extinction?
a. in terms of how you'd do it?
b. and in terms of the effect, it'd have on behavior?

Question 55

Give two examples from the Skinner box
a. one, the effects of satiation on performance
b. the other, the effects of satiation on learning.

Question 56

Give an applied example showing
a. how satiation affects performance
b. how deprivation affects performance
c. how deprivation affects learning
d. how habituation affects performance

Question 57

Give an example of a reflexive motivating operation.

Question 58

Give an example of an establishing and of an abolishing operation for a negative punishment contingency.

Question 59

Please give an example of the effects of
a. quantity on the effectiveness of a positive reinforcer
b. quality on the effectiveness of a positive reinforcer
c. quantity on the effectiveness of a negative reinforcer
d. quantity on the effectiveness of a negative reinforcer, if your imagination will take you that far (this one's just for cool points)

Question 60

What should and shouldn't you say when talking about Rudolph learning to press the lever?

Question 61

Cool point for an original example of what you should and shouldn't say about contingencies creating your own "personality".

Question 62

Describe an experiment demonstrating that drugs can maintain self-administration through positive reinforcement other than escape from a negative reinforcer.

Question 63

Describe the research on nalorphine as a motivating operation.

Question 64

Fill in the empty boxes for
-Please diagram a Skinner box example of deprivation.

Question 65

Fill in the empty boxes for
-Please diagram a Skinner box example of satiation.

Question 66

Fill in the empty boxes for
-Complete the diagram to illustrate pain as a motivating operation in a hospital setting.

Question 67

Fill in the empty boxes for
-Complete the diagram illustrating extinction-induced (caused) aggression in pigeons.

Question 68

Fill in the empty boxes for
-Complete the diagram illustrating the opportunity to aggress as a reinforcer. ( Hint: pigeons cannot press levers.)

Question 69

Fill in the empty boxes for
-Complete the diagram of Sid's example of pain-induced (caused) aggression contingency (Careful: don't confuse the MO with the behavior).

Question 70

Fill in the empty boxes for
-Fill out the contingency diagrams for two different negative reinforcement contingencies involving addictive drugs. They differ mainly in their motivating operations. (Hint: Both can be for human beings.