Deck 9: Motivation and the Meaning of Work

Question 1

Pay is an intrinsic reward.

Answer 1

False
Explanation: Pay is an extrinsic reward as it is a reward that comes from outside of the person. An intrinsic reward is a reward that comes from the person themselves rather than being provided by someone else.

Question 2

Gamification seeks to turn work into a game using extrinsic motivation to create _________motivation.

Answer 2

intrinsic
Explanation: Gamification is a motivation theory which using the processes of games to help turn extrinsic motivation (levels, badges etc) into intrinsic motivation. Supporters of this approach argue it can increase focus, dedication and teamwork as employees enjoy the processes of the game (such as increasing levels) and thus are more motivated.

Question 3

Classical conditioning, aversion therapy, and reinforcement are all examples of _________theories of motivation.

Answer 3

behavioural
Explanation: Behavioural theories of motivation seek to change the behaviour of the individual through a series of rewards and/or punishments. Conditioning theory argues that behavioural change is produced through a stimulus – response technique, the individual modifies their behaviour over time (the response), in the light of various stimulus (i.e. rewards or punishments). Aversion therapy seeks to modify behaviour through continually punishing a bad behaviour. Reinforcement provides a similar approach to aversion therapy but providing rewards to encourage positive behaviour.

Question 4

Using foul-tasting nail varnish to stop someone biting their nails is an example of _______? Please select all that apply.

A) extinction theory
B) aversion therapy
C) classical conditioning
D) reinforcement

Question 5

Why might classical conditioning not work as well in a workplace setting? Please select all that apply.

A) Reward or punishment needs to be immediate
B) Reward would need to be continuous
C) Rewards need to be of high value, which most firms could not afford to pay
D) Punishments need to be physical, which is not appropriate in a work environment

Question 6

_______ conditioning recognizes that rewards do not need to be continuous to be effective. It works on the basis that the variability gives an element of surprise and unpredictability.

Question 7

Some of the critiques of behaviourism are that they… Please select all that apply.

A) offer a one-size-fits all solution that does not consider the cognition of individuals.
B) are often applied in too simplistic a fashion in the workplace.
C) have been discredited through more modern research
D) are simplistic and mechanistic.

Question 8

Structuring choices to make people make better decisions is called ________ theory

Question 9

Which of the following are examples of intrinsic rewards? Please select all that apply.

A) Answering this question because you are interested in the topic of motivation
B) Painting a picture because you have a love of painting
C) Working hard in order to get more pay
D) Answering this question because you are seeking to avoid a bad grade

Question 10

10) Match the following levels of Maslow's hierarchy of needs to their description.
-Food and water

A) Physiological needs
B) Self-actualization
C) Social needs
D) Esteem needs

Question 11

10) Match the following levels of Maslow's hierarchy of needs to their description.
-Self-fulfilment

A) Physiological needs
B) Self-actualization
C) Social needs
D) Esteem needs

Question 12

10) Match the following levels of Maslow's hierarchy of needs to their description.
-Need for affection

A) Physiological needs
B) Self-actualization
C) Social needs
D) Esteem needs

Question 13

10) Match the following levels of Maslow's hierarchy of needs to their description.
-Need for recognition

A) Physiological needs
B) Self-actualization
C) Social needs
D) Esteem needs

Question 14

Maslow argues that needs are arranged in a hierarchy of _______

Question 15

Which of the following are critiques of Maslow's hierarchy of needs? Please select all that apply.

A) The application of Maslow's ideas to the workplace means the theories are used in a way that is too simplistic
B) The concept of self-actualization is not appropriate for the workplace
C) Maslow's original ideas are very weak and should be rejected
D) The five levels are not that distinct in practice

Question 16

Pay for Herzberg is a key motivating factor.

Question 17

Which of the following are examples of hygiene factors? Please select all that apply.

A) Work itself
B) Advancement
C) Relationship with supervisors
D) Company policy and administration

Question 18

________ theories of motivation see motivation as much more individual, subjective, and changeable than behavioural approaches.

Question 19

Goal setting theory argues that you need to have what? Please select all that apply.

A) Clear goals
B) Exciting goals
C) Stretching goals
D) Clear feedback

Question 20

Seeing work as merely a means to an end was described by Goldthorpe (1968) as an _______ approach to work.