Deck 23: Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury

Question 1

What is the primary hemodynamic dysfunction in autonomic dysreflexia?

A) hypotension and vasodilation
B) hypertension and vasoconstriction
C) hypotension and vasoconstriction
D) hypertension and vasodilation

Answer 1

hypertension and vasoconstriction

Question 2

What medication is usually given to SCI-injured patients at the emergency department immediately after injury?

A) aspirin
B) Dilantin
C) Xanax
D) methylprednisolone

Answer 2

methylprednisolone

Question 3

Ischemia and necrosis occur primarily where in the spinal cord after injury?

A) above T6
B) below T6
C) in the gray matter
D) in the white matter

Answer 3

in the gray matter

Question 4

Which of the following bladder dysfunctions is indicative of an injury at the conus medullaris?

A) spasticity in the bladder
B) detrusor muscle hypertrophy
C) nonreflex bladder
D) urethral reflux

Question 5

The level of motor innervation is determined by the most distal key muscle with a grade of _________ or better,with the segment above being a grade 5.

A) grade 2
B) grade 2+
C) grade 3
D) grade 3+

Question 6

Which of the following procedures is considered neuroaugmentative?

A) deafferentation
B) epidural spinal stimulation
C) interruption of ascending pain systems
D) destruction of cells in the dorsal horn

Question 7

What type of spinal cord injury is characterized by a more severe loss of upper extremity movement than lower extremity movement?

A) anterior cord syndrome
B) central cord syndrome
C) posterior cord syndrome
D) conus medullaris syndrome

Question 8

Damage to what type of cell will lead to Wallerian degeneration?

A) fibroblasts
B) microglia
C) oligodendrocytes
D) astrocytes

Question 9

Which of the following is an appropriate long-term goal associated with a C8 quadriplegic?

A) dependent in all dressing activities
B) dependent in all bathing activities
C) use of assisting devices for writing, page turning, and use of telephone
D) able to dress and undress in wheelchair with assistive devices

Question 10

At what stage of spinal cord injury do monocytes and macrophages trigger cell death?

A) primary injury
B) secondary injury
C) tertiary injury
D) recovery stage

Question 11

What type of fracture,causing SCI,has the most favorable prognosis for return of function?

A) compression fracture
B) crush fracture
C) greenstick fracture
D) wedge fracture

Question 12

Excessive ______________ is responsible for most spinal cord injuries.

A) flexion
B) extension
C) rotation
D) lateral flexion

Question 13

When the descending tracts are involved with spinal cord injury what will be the clinical presentation?

A) immediate spasticity and hyperreflexia below the level of injury
B) immediate flaccidity and hyperreflexia below the level of injury
C) immediate spasticity and loss of reflexes below the level of injury
D) immediate flaccidity and loss of reflexes below the level of injury

Question 14

Which of the following is not a manifestation of the formation of a syrinx?

A) weakness
B) atrophy
C) sensory loss
D) hyperreflexia

Question 15

What type of spinal cord injury (SCI)occurs when there is a loss of central gray and white matter creating a cavity surrounded by a rim of intact white matter at the periphery of the spinal cord?

A) concussion
B) contusion
C) laceration
D) maceration

Question 16

Which of the following is true regarding heterotopic ossification and SCI?

A) It is usually found above the level of the lesion.
B) It begins to develop 2 to 3 years after injury.
C) It often develops near the large joints.
D) It is usually pain free.

Question 17

What is the most common cause of death after SCI?

A) autonomic dysreflexia
B) infected pressure ulcers
C) falls
D) pneumonia

Question 18

Which of the following is not an electrolyte disturbance commonly seen after SCI?

A) increased intracellular calcium
B) increased extracellular potassium
C) increased sodium permeability
D) increased iron permeability

Question 19

What is a common site for pressure ulcers as an SCI-injured individual begins to use a wheelchair for mobility?

A) ischium
B) sacrum
C) scapula
D) heel

Question 20

Which of the following choices is indicative of class B impairment according to the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA)?

A) complete injury with no sensory or motor function preserved in segment S4-S5
B) incomplete: sensory but no motor function preserved below the neurologic level; sensory level extends through segment S4-S5
C) incomplete: motor function preserved below the neurologic level, and the majority of key muscles below the neurologic level have a muscle grade of less than 3.
D) incomplete: motor function preserved below the neurologic level, and the majority of key muscles below the neurologic level have a muscle grade of greater than or equal to 3.