Question 1

What medication is usually given to SCI-injured patients at the emergency department immediately after injury?

Accepted Answer

A)  aspirin 
B)  Dilantin 
C)  Xanax 
D)  methylprednisolone 
A)  aspirin 
B)  Dilantin 
C)  Xanax 
D)  methylprednisolone D

Question 2

Which of the following choices is indicative of class B impairment according to the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA)?

Accepted Answer

A)  complete injury with no sensory or motor function preserved in segment S4-S5 
B)  incomplete: sensory but no motor function preserved below the neurologic level; sensory level extends through segment S4-S5 
C)  incomplete: motor function preserved below the neurologic level, and the majority of key muscles below the neurologic level have a muscle grade of less than 3. 
D)  incomplete: motor function preserved below the neurologic level, and the majority of key muscles below the neurologic level have a muscle grade of greater than or equal to 3. 
A)  complete injury with no sensory or motor function preserved in segment S4-S5 
B)  incomplete: sensory but no motor function preserved below the neurologic level; sensory level extends through segment S4-S5 
C)  incomplete: motor function preserved below the neurologic level, and the majority of key muscles below the neurologic level have a muscle grade of less than 3. 
D)  incomplete: motor function preserved below the neurologic level, and the majority of key muscles below the neurologic level have a muscle grade of greater than or equal to 3. B

Question 3

What is the primary hemodynamic dysfunction in autonomic dysreflexia?

Accepted Answer

A)  hypotension and vasodilation 
B)  hypertension and vasoconstriction 
C)  hypotension and vasoconstriction 
D)  hypertension and vasodilation 
A)  hypotension and vasodilation 
B)  hypertension and vasoconstriction 
C)  hypotension and vasoconstriction 
D)  hypertension and vasodilation B

Question 4

At what stage of spinal cord injury do monocytes and macrophages trigger cell death?

Accepted Answer

A)  primary injury 
B)  secondary injury 
C)  tertiary injury 
D)  recovery stage 
A)  primary injury 
B)  secondary injury 
C)  tertiary injury 
D)  recovery stage

Question 5

Which of the following is an appropriate long-term goal associated with a C8 quadriplegic?

Accepted Answer

A)  dependent in all dressing activities 
B)  dependent in all bathing activities 
C)  use of assisting devices for writing, page turning, and use of telephone 
D)  able to dress and undress in wheelchair with assistive devices 
A)  dependent in all dressing activities 
B)  dependent in all bathing activities 
C)  use of assisting devices for writing, page turning, and use of telephone 
D)  able to dress and undress in wheelchair with assistive devices

Question 6

What is the most common cause of death after SCI?

Accepted Answer

A)  autonomic dysreflexia 
B)  infected pressure ulcers 
C)  falls 
D)  pneumonia 
A)  autonomic dysreflexia 
B)  infected pressure ulcers 
C)  falls 
D)  pneumonia

Question 7

Which of the following is not an electrolyte disturbance commonly seen after SCI?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased intracellular calcium 
B)  increased extracellular potassium 
C)  increased sodium permeability 
D)  increased iron permeability 
A)  increased intracellular calcium 
B)  increased extracellular potassium 
C)  increased sodium permeability 
D)  increased iron permeability

Question 8

What type of fracture,causing SCI,has the most favorable prognosis for return of function?

Accepted Answer

A)  compression fracture 
B)  crush fracture 
C)  greenstick fracture 
D)  wedge fracture 
A)  compression fracture 
B)  crush fracture 
C)  greenstick fracture 
D)  wedge fracture

Question 9

What type of spinal cord injury (SCI)occurs when there is a loss of central gray and white matter creating a cavity surrounded by a rim of intact white matter at the periphery of the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

A)  concussion 
B)  contusion 
C)  laceration 
D)  maceration 
A)  concussion 
B)  contusion 
C)  laceration 
D)  maceration

Question 10

Which of the following bladder dysfunctions is indicative of an injury at the conus medullaris?

Accepted Answer

A)  spasticity in the bladder 
B)  detrusor muscle hypertrophy 
C)  nonreflex bladder 
D)  urethral reflux 
A)  spasticity in the bladder 
B)  detrusor muscle hypertrophy 
C)  nonreflex bladder 
D)  urethral reflux

Question 11

Which of the following is true regarding heterotopic ossification and SCI?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is usually found above the level of the lesion. 
B)  It begins to develop 2 to 3 years after injury. 
C)  It often develops near the large joints. 
D)  It is usually pain free. 
A)  It is usually found above the level of the lesion. 
B)  It begins to develop 2 to 3 years after injury. 
C)  It often develops near the large joints. 
D)  It is usually pain free.

Question 12

When the descending tracts are involved with spinal cord injury what will be the clinical presentation?

Accepted Answer

A)  immediate spasticity and hyperreflexia below the level of injury 
B)  immediate flaccidity and hyperreflexia below the level of injury 
C)  immediate spasticity and loss of reflexes below the level of injury 
D)  immediate flaccidity and loss of reflexes below the level of injury 
A)  immediate spasticity and hyperreflexia below the level of injury 
B)  immediate flaccidity and hyperreflexia below the level of injury 
C)  immediate spasticity and loss of reflexes below the level of injury 
D)  immediate flaccidity and loss of reflexes below the level of injury

Question 13

Which of the following is not a manifestation of the formation of a syrinx?

Accepted Answer

A)  weakness 
B)  atrophy 
C)  sensory loss 
D)  hyperreflexia 
A)  weakness 
B)  atrophy 
C)  sensory loss 
D)  hyperreflexia

Question 14

The level of motor innervation is determined by the most distal key muscle with a grade of _________ or better,with the segment above being a grade 5.

Accepted Answer

A)  grade 2 
B)  grade 2+ 
C)  grade 3 
D)  grade 3+ 
A)  grade 2 
B)  grade 2+ 
C)  grade 3 
D)  grade 3+

Question 15

Ischemia and necrosis occur primarily where in the spinal cord after injury?

Accepted Answer

A)  above T6 
B)  below T6 
C)  in the gray matter 
D)  in the white matter 
A)  above T6 
B)  below T6 
C)  in the gray matter 
D)  in the white matter

Question 16

Damage to what type of cell will lead to Wallerian degeneration?

Accepted Answer

A)  fibroblasts 
B)  microglia 
C)  oligodendrocytes 
D)  astrocytes 
A)  fibroblasts 
B)  microglia 
C)  oligodendrocytes 
D)  astrocytes

Question 17

What type of spinal cord injury is characterized by a more severe loss of upper extremity movement than lower extremity movement?

Accepted Answer

A)  anterior cord syndrome 
B)  central cord syndrome 
C)  posterior cord syndrome 
D)  conus medullaris syndrome 
A)  anterior cord syndrome 
B)  central cord syndrome 
C)  posterior cord syndrome 
D)  conus medullaris syndrome

Question 18

What is a common site for pressure ulcers as an SCI-injured individual begins to use a wheelchair for mobility?

Accepted Answer

A)  ischium 
B)  sacrum 
C)  scapula 
D)  heel 
A)  ischium 
B)  sacrum 
C)  scapula 
D)  heel

Question 19

Which of the following procedures is considered neuroaugmentative?

Accepted Answer

A)  deafferentation 
B)  epidural spinal stimulation 
C)  interruption of ascending pain systems 
D)  destruction of cells in the dorsal horn 
A)  deafferentation 
B)  epidural spinal stimulation 
C)  interruption of ascending pain systems 
D)  destruction of cells in the dorsal horn

Question 20

Excessive ______________ is responsible for most spinal cord injuries.

Accepted Answer

A)  flexion 
B)  extension 
C)  rotation 
D)  lateral flexion 
A)  flexion 
B)  extension 
C)  rotation 
D)  lateral flexion

Exam 23: Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury

What medication is usually given to SCI-injured patients at the emergency department immediately after injury?

Which of the following choices is indicative of class B impairment according to the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA)?

What is the primary hemodynamic dysfunction in autonomic dysreflexia?

At what stage of spinal cord injury do monocytes and macrophages trigger cell death?

Which of the following is an appropriate long-term goal associated with a C8 quadriplegic?

What is the most common cause of death after SCI?

Which of the following is not an electrolyte disturbance commonly seen after SCI?

What type of fracture,causing SCI,has the most favorable prognosis for return of function?

What type of spinal cord injury (SCI)occurs when there is a loss of central gray and white matter creating a cavity surrounded by a rim of intact white matter at the periphery of the spinal cord?

Which of the following bladder dysfunctions is indicative of an injury at the conus medullaris?

Which of the following is true regarding heterotopic ossification and SCI?

When the descending tracts are involved with spinal cord injury what will be the clinical presentation?

Which of the following is not a manifestation of the formation of a syrinx?

The level of motor innervation is determined by the most distal key muscle with a grade of _________ or better,with the segment above being a grade 5.

Ischemia and necrosis occur primarily where in the spinal cord after injury?

Damage to what type of cell will lead to Wallerian degeneration?

What type of spinal cord injury is characterized by a more severe loss of upper extremity movement than lower extremity movement?

What is a common site for pressure ulcers as an SCI-injured individual begins to use a wheelchair for mobility?

Which of the following procedures is considered neuroaugmentative?

Excessive ______________ is responsible for most spinal cord injuries.

Introduction to Concepts of Pathology

Problems Affecting Multiple Systems

Injury, Inflammation, and Healing

The Immune System

Infectious Disease

Oncology

The Integumentary System

The Endocrine and Metabolic Systems

The Cardiovascular System

The Hematologic System

The Respiratory System

The Hepatic, Pancreatic, and Biliary Systems

Introduction to Pathology of the Musculoskeletal System

Genetic and Developmental Disorders

Infectious Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System

Musculoskeletal Neoplasms

Bone, Joint, and Soft Tissue Diseases and Disorders

Introduction to Central Nervous System Disorders

Infectious Disorders of the Central Nervous System

Degenerative Diseases of the Central Nervous System

Stroke

Traumatic Brain Injury

Cerebral Palsy

The Peripheral Nervous System

Behavioral, Social, and Environmental Factors Contributing to Disease and Dysfunction

The Psychosocial-Spiritual Impact on Health Care

Environmental and Occupational Medicine

The Gastrointestinal System

The Renal and Urologic Systems

Central Nervous System Neoplasms

Epilepsy

Headache

The Male Genital or Reproductive System

The Female Genital or Reproductive System

Vestibular Disorders

Laboratory Tests and Values

Filters