Deck 2: Conceptualizing and Measuring Difference

Question 1

The culinary model of organizational diversity focuses on different foods that could represent diversity (i.e., jelly beans, salad, stew, and tomato sauce). What basic question, in particular, does this model highlight about diversity?

A) Who is expected to change in a diverse organization and to what degree?
B) What level of diversity is most effective?
C) How does diversity affect the bottom line?
D) How does diversity affect organizations?

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Charlie, who is from the U.S., has just moved to Japan to join a branch of a company. When he arrives, he discovers that the culture at the Japanese branch is quite different from the U.S. headquarters. His new coworkers seem to try to force him into becoming more like them rather than accepting his differences. What would this behavior represent?

A) Affirmative Action.
B) Discrimination and Fairness paradigm.
C) Melting pot.
D) Informal integration.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

According to Roosevelt Thomas (1991), organizations can adopt three scenarios to increase diversity: the passive scenario, the pipeline scenario, and the upward mobility scenario. These scenarios are a part of which of his proposed strategies?

A) Valuing Differences
B) Managing Diversity
C) Informal Integration
D) Affirmative Action

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Roosevelt Thomas (1991) proposed three strategies for adding women and ethnic minorities into businesses. These strategies are?

A) Valuing Differences, Managing Diversity, and Informal Integration
B) Affirmative Action, Valuing Differences, and Managing Diversity
C) Affirmative Action, Managing Diversity, and Informal Integration,
D) Affirmative Action, Valuing Differences, and Informal Integration

Question 5

Roosevelt Thomas's Managing Diversity strategy is different from his other two strategies because it focuses on?

A) hiring more women and minorities.
B) increasing awareness of and respect for differences.
C) making organization systems and policies work well for everyone, regardless of individual characteristics.
D) the bottom line.

Question 6

Thomas and Ely (1996) proposed three paradigms focused on the management of diversity in a company. The most evolved companies engage in _________, the paradigm focused on becoming truly multicultural and benefiting from differences among employees?

A) Access-and-Legitimacy
B) Discrimination-and-Fairness
C) Learning-and-Effectiveness
D) Developing-and-Merging

Question 7

Which type of acculturation results in primary culture weakening and being replaced by an often unstable new reality or identity?

A) Deculturation
B) Separation
C) Assimilation
D) Reification

Question 8

______ refers to the change in norms, expectations, and other aspects of the cultures of two or more groups as they combine and adjust?

A) Assimilation
B) Deculturation
C) Acculturation
D) Mutual adaptation

Question 9

A group of students from South Korea are visiting a school in America in order to learn about cultural differences between the U.S. and South Korea. They encounter students in one of their classes who seem to be intolerant of the Korean students' culture and expect that they act more American while they are visiting. This scenario reflects what?

A) Separation
B) Deculturation
C) Reification
D) Assimilation

Question 10

Which focuses on three paradigms or perspectives (Discrimination and Fairness, Access and Legitimacy, Learning and Education) characterizing an organization's approach to managing diversity?

A) Culinary model
B) Thomas and Ely's framework
C) Roosevelt Thomas's early analysis of organization conditions
D) Cox Interactional Model.

Question 11

Which of these best characterizes a monolithic organization?

A) It is internally homogenous.
B) It is superficially diverse.
C) It is AA compliant.
D) It values diversity.

Question 12

Holly Inc. is a video game company consisting of a number of employees of different races and sexes. However, most of their minority members work in a few departments lower in the company, and employees are generally expected to assimilate to the dominant "Holly" culture. This company is an example of what type of organization?

A) Multicultural
B) Monolithic
C) Plural
D) Integrated

Question 13

Keysay Corp. often has its diverse groups of employees engaged in community service and they can usually be found having lunch together. Most employees socialize easily at the company's holiday office parties. However, most minority workers are in lower tier departments and often do not rise above very basic positions in the company. This describes what kind of integration?

A) High informal, high structural
B) High informal, low structural
C) Low informal, high structural
D) Low informal, low structural

Question 14

According to Cox, which type of integration focuses on the spread of women and minorities across company departments, jobs, committees, and layers of the organization?

A) Informal
B) Formal
C) Interactional
D) Structural

Question 15

Which of these is an individual-level factor of diversity climate according to Cox (1993/1994)?

A) Stereotyping
B) Job satisfaction
C) Compensation
D) Socialization

Question 16

The three groups of factors shown in Cox's Interactional Model are?

A) Diversity Climate, Individual and Career Outcomes, and Organizational Effectiveness.
B) Individual, Affective, and Organizational Effectiveness.
C) first, second, and third-level outcomes.
D) discrimination and fairness, access and legitimacy, learning and effectiveness.

Question 17

Kris is focused on his identification with the hotel where he works and his general satisfaction with his job as a night clerk. What kind of outcomes is Kris paying attention to?

A) Informal
B) Formal
C) Affective
D) Achievement

Question 18

What are the types of individual career outcomes in Cox's Interactional Model?

A) Affective and Formal
B) Affective and Achievement
C) Achievement and Informal
D) Achievement and Formal

Question 19

Which model focuses on diversity climate, individual career outcomes, and organizational effectiveness?

A) The Culinary model
B) The Thomas and Ely Paradigms model
C) Cox's Acculturation model
D) The Cox Interaction model

Question 20

Which type of diversity appears to be negatively related to cohesion for short-term group conflict according to Harrison, Price, and Bell?

A) Deep-level
B) Surface-level
C) First-level
D) Second-level

Question 21

Which type of diversity appears to be most related to group cohesion over the long-term according to Harrison, Price, and Bell?

A) Deep-level
B) Surface-level
C) First-level
D) Second-level

Question 22

One team in the customer service department has been struggling. In particular, personalities have been clashing between team members, which is making decision-making more difficult. What kind of diversity is causing the problem according to Harrison, Price, and Bell?

A) Deep-level
B) Surface-level
C) First-level
D) Second-level

Question 23

Which of the following is a type of diversity involving qualitative differences among group members, as identified by Harrison and Klein?

A) Deep-level
B) Affective
C) Variety
D) Demographic

Question 24

Which of the following is a type of diversity involving quantitative differences along a single dimension, as identified by Harrison and Klein?

A) Deep-level
B) Separation
C) Variety
D) Demographic

Question 25

Members of a team in the Castle Company seem to differ in terms of their knowledge, skills, and information. What kind of diversity identified by Harrison and Klein does the team show?

A) Affective
B) Variety
C) Demographic
D) Surface-level

Question 26

People working together in the marketing department experience conflict based in wide disparities in pay, power, and status. This conflict is what type of diversity identified by Harrison and Klein?

A) Low separation
B) High separation
C) Low variety
D) High disparity

Question 27

What is the first year that the U.S. Census allowed respondents to indicate multiracial status?

A) 2010
B) 2000
C) 1980
D) 1960

Question 28

What can we learn from comparing census categories over several censuses?

A) that the median age is dropping.
B) how racio-ethnic distinctions have changed over time.
C) that technology has improved.
D) all of these.

Question 29

In the 2008 survey, the largest category of religious affiliation i?

A) Catholic.
B) Muslim.
C) no religion.
D) Christian.

Question 30

Which age group in the U.S. had the fastest growth from 2000-2010?

A) 18-24
B) 25-44
C) 45-64
D) 65+

Question 31

Which racio-ethnic group is projected to grow the fastest up to 2060?

A) Asians
B) Hispanics
C) Two or more races
D) Blacks

Question 32

"Hispanic" in the U.S. Censu?

A) refers to the Latin race.
B) is no longer the preferred term.
C) may apply to people of any race.
D) was chosen by about 35% of respondents.

Question 33

What should we expect around 2043, based on population projections?

A) Non-Whites will outnumber Whites.
B) women will outnumber men.
C) young people will outnumber older ones.
D) all of these.

Question 34

Janet, an 18-year-old fresh out of high school, is available to work and wants to work. She looked for a job over the past year, but in the last four weeks before the Current Population Survey, she has stopped looking for employment. Why is she not considered part of the labor force?

A) She is marginally attached.
B) She does not have a current job.
C) She has been unemployed for too long.
D) She is too young.

Question 35

The highest LFP rate in 2014 data was shown b?

A) Whites.
B) White women.
C) Native Hawaaiʿan/Other Pacific Islanders and Hispanics.
D) those with a disability.

Question 36

Which of the following companies would be mandated to submit an EEO-1 report, assuming all are covered by Title VII?

A) a company with a federal contract worth more than $10,000.
B) all federal contractors.
C) a company with at least100 employees.
D) a company with at least 50 employees.

Question 37

What is an EEO-1 report?

A) monthly survey of the racio-ethnicity and sex of occupants of different job categories
B) annual survey of the racio-ethnicity and sex of occupants of different job categories
C) 10-year census survey of the racio-ethnicity and sex of occupants of different job categories.
D) annual survey of the racio-ethnicity and sex of occupants of the same job category

Question 38

An AAP

A) must be submitted by any company covered by Title VII.
B) summarizes current employee demographics and the relevant workforce.
C) includes goals which, if not met, lead to serious legal and economic consequences.
D) is more useful than an EEO-1.

Question 39

Keenan and Abed are having trouble getting along due to strains related to the fact that Keenan has never been around a Muslim before and feels uncomfortable because of it. Which best characterizes this work relationship?

A) Micro-legacy issues
B) Macro-history issues
C) Micro-history issues
D) Macro-legacy issues

Question 40

Which is an example of a macro-legacy issue?

A) the Model Minority stereotype.
B) slavery and Jim Crow.
C) Southern prejudice against Yankees.
D) all of these.

Question 41

When dealing with legacy issues, which level refers to the history of relationships between racio-ethnic groups overall?

A) Micro
B) Macro
C) Meso
D) Pico

Question 42

The concept of "Whiteness?

A) is unknown in Europe.
B) developed to explain economic disadvantage and exploitation.
C) goes back to Biblical times.
D) historically included all those with European origins.

Question 43

Why is a model useful in understanding a complex topic? Give an example of a model of diversity in organizations and show how it does or does not guide our understanding.

Question 44

Explain the "culinary model" of diversity and how it illustrates different conceptions of diversity.

Question 45

The text explains three different scholarly models of diversity. Choose any two and show how they differ in highlighting various aspects of diversity.

Question 46

The most complex model discussed in the text is Cox's Interactional Model. How does it differ from the simpler models, and what new ideas does it highlight?

Question 47

In Cox's Interactional Model, factors of climate, individual outcomes, and organizational outcomes are considered. In this model,
(a) Distinguish among three types of factors that affect diversity climate.
(b) What are two types of individual career outcomes that are thought to be affected by diversity climate?
(c) Distinguish between first-level and second-level measures of organizational effectiveness.

Question 48

What are surface-level and deep-level diversity, and why is it important to consider them separately?

Question 49

Harrison et al. have distinguished among separation, variety, and disparity as ways of conceptualizing diversity. Give an example of each to show how they differ.

Question 50

The US Census taken in 2010 enumerated the population in terms of demographic variables (e.g., age, race, sex, religion). What are the largest categories in each area, based on the 2010 Census? How are these expected to change in the future?

Question 51

What is the difference between the population and the labor force? From the perspective of someone interested in workforce diversity, why is it important to measure both of them?

Question 52

What are EEO-1 reports and AAPs? How can they be useful to a diversity professional?

Question 53

What types of internal data do organizations collect that can be useful to the diversity professional?

Question 54

What are legacy issues (micro and macro)? Give two examples pertinent to two different groups.

Question 55

Why are legacy issues important in understanding and managing diversity?

Question 56

Why does it "help to know some history"? Give two examples of how this could be important in a diverse organization.

Question 57

What does the term "Whiteness" mean? How did the distinction between White and Non-White become important in the US?