Deck 3: What Answers About the Meaning of Counseling, Its Past, and Its Present

Question 1

An individual who practices the vocation of professional counseling has obtained:

A) a masters or doctorate in counseling and has passed competency tests.
B) certification after attending a two-year training program at a community college.
C) a bachelor's degree and has passed a licensure exam.
D) a masters or doctorate in any field with an additional year of training in counseling.
E) Either a or d

Answer 1

A

Question 2

According to ACA, the goals of counseling are to:

A) facilitate human development and adjustment throughout the lifespan.
B) prevent, diagnose, and treat mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders or distresses which are associated with (or interfere with) mental health and a sense of well being.
C) conduct diagnoses and assessments for the purpose of establishing treatment goals and objectives.
D) plan, implement, and evaluate treatment plans using counseling treatment interventions, in the context of a pluralistic society.
E) all of the above.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Professional counselors' roots are grounded in the history of all of the following except:

A) human thought and philosophy.
B) religion.
C) sociology.
D) anthropology.
E) none of the above.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Mental illness and attempts to address it have been with us since the earliest times. Examples include:

A) brain surgery of prehistoric peoples.
B) the medical contributions of diagnosis and prognosis of Hippocrates.
C) the exorcisms of the Middle Ages and beyond.
D) all of the above.
E) both b and c

Question 5

Counseling and psychotherapy emerged as organized ways of helping:

A) in the early 1970s.
B) within the last two centuries.
C) within the previous century.
D) in the Middle Ages.
E) none of the above.

Question 6

, through work begun with his mentor and collaborator, Joseph Bruer, developed the "talking cure."

A) Alfred Adler
B) Sigmund Freud
C) Clifford Beers
D) Carl Rogers
E) Irvin Yalom

Question 7

The direction of counseling in America was most influenced by the work of:

A) Carl Jung.
B) Carl Rogers.
C) Frank Parsons.
D) All of the above.
E) Both b and c

Question 8

officially classifies counselors in several categories.

A) The Council for the Accreditation of Counseling and Related Helping Professions (CACREP)
B) The American Psychological Association (APA)
C) The Occupational Outlook Handbook (OOH)
D) ACA's Principles for Unifying and Strengthening the Profession

Question 9

created the first counselor certification program.
Adopted it, thus becoming the first college-based counselor education program.

A) Chicago…Northwestern University
B) Los Angeles…University of Southern California
C) Boston…Harvard University
D) Philadelphia…University of Pennsylvania
E) Palo Alto…Stanford University

Question 10

In what decade did B. F. Skinner first introduce behavioral therapy and Abraham Maslow help to found humanistic psychology?

A) 1930s
B) 1940s
C) 1950s
D) 1960s
E) 1970s

Question 11

The most significant legislation of the 1950s was the National Defense Education Act (NDEA) of 1958, which was created in response to the Russian launching of Sputnik.

Question 12

The Civil Rights Movement, the Vietnam War, and, toward the end of the decade, the Women's Movement, all played roles in changing the direction of professional counseling in the 1960s.

Question 13

G. Williamson, who had studied with Rogers, researched and then operationalized Rogers' three core conditions for therapeutic change of empathy, congruence, and unconditional positive regard.

Question 14

The Community Mental Health Centers Act of 1963, one of the most sweeping and significant acts dealing with mental health needs of Americans, mandated the creation of mental health centers in over 2,000 locations and gave counselors opportunities to be employed outside of educational settings.

Question 15

The term community counselor was introduced in the 1970s.

Question 16

Virginia was the first state to license professional counselors.

Question 17

The United States Government played only a minor role in the development of the counseling profession until after the 1960s.

Question 18

Most counselors took an inclusive, diverse worldview of counseling processes or clientele beginning with the founding of American Personnel and Guidance Association (APGA).

Question 19

There are now over two million credentialed professional mental health counselors and innumerable credentialed school counselors in the United States.

Question 20

In 1989, the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) was established and the National Mental Health Act authorized funds for research and training and for assistance to states for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of people with mental disorders.

Question 21

Discuss the history and evolution of professional counseling organizations beginning with the 1950s.