Exam 3: What Answers About the Meaning of Counseling, Its Past, and Its Present

G. Williamson, who had studied with Rogers, researched and then operationalized Rogers' three core conditions for therapeutic change of empathy, congruence, and unconditional positive regard.

, through work begun with his mentor and collaborator, Joseph Bruer, developed the "talking cure."

The term community counselor was introduced in the 1970s.

There are now over two million credentialed professional mental health counselors and innumerable credentialed school counselors in the United States.

An individual who practices the vocation of professional counseling has obtained:

Most counselors took an inclusive, diverse worldview of counseling processes or clientele beginning with the founding of American Personnel and Guidance Association (APGA).

Professional counselors' roots are grounded in the history of all of the following except:

Discuss the history and evolution of professional counseling organizations beginning with the 1950s.

In what decade did B. F. Skinner first introduce behavioral therapy and Abraham Maslow help to found humanistic psychology?

officially classifies counselors in several categories.

The Community Mental Health Centers Act of 1963, one of the most sweeping and significant acts dealing with mental health needs of Americans, mandated the creation of mental health centers in over 2,000 locations and gave counselors opportunities to be employed outside of educational settings.

The most significant legislation of the 1950s was the National Defense Education Act (NDEA) of 1958, which was created in response to the Russian launching of Sputnik.

The United States Government played only a minor role in the development of the counseling profession until after the 1960s.

In 1989, the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) was established and the National Mental Health Act authorized funds for research and training and for assistance to states for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of people with mental disorders.

created the first counselor certification program. Adopted it, thus becoming the first college-based counselor education program.

The Civil Rights Movement, the Vietnam War, and, toward the end of the decade, the Women's Movement, all played roles in changing the direction of professional counseling in the 1960s.

The direction of counseling in America was most influenced by the work of:

Virginia was the first state to license professional counselors.

Counseling and psychotherapy emerged as organized ways of helping:

Mental illness and attempts to address it have been with us since the earliest times. Examples include: