Deck 17: Beyond the Systems of Psychology

Question 1

According to the text, three classic schools of psychology continue to remain prominent today. The three
Schools are

A)functionalism; neobehaviorism; psychoanalysis
B)psychoanalysis; Gestalt psychology; neobehaviorism
C)functionalism; Gestalt psychology; humanistic psychology
D)psychoanalysis; neobehaviorism; humanistic psychology

Answer 1

psychoanalysis; neobehaviorism; humanistic psychology

Question 2

Cognitive therapy, a second wave of post-World War II psychotherapy, was developed by

A)Aaron T. Beck
B)Marsha M. Linehan
C)Jean Piaget
D)Joseph Wolpe

Answer 2

Aaron T. Beck

Question 3

Albert Ellis developed a therapeutic approach called

A)cognitive therapy
B)dialectical behavior therapy
C)systematic desensitization
D)rational-emotive behavior therapy

Answer 3

rational-emotive behavior therapy

Question 4

The third wave of influential psychotherapies blended Eastern mindfulness with Western behavioral therapy. This approach is called

A)cognitive therapy
B)dialectical behavior therapy
C)systematic desensitization
D)rational-emotive behavior therapy

Question 5

_______ investigated epilepsy and did extensive research on humans with surgically split brains.

A)Roger W. Sperry
B)Donald O. Hebb
C)Wilder Penfield
D)Eric R. Kandel

Question 6

_______ was an early cognitive and behavioral neuroscientist who helped launch the use of the EEG in
Psychology.

A)Roger W. Sperry
B)Donald O. Hebb
C)Donald B. Lindsley
D)Eric R. Kandel

Question 7

Discoveries of the methods by which neurons communicate (i.e., via neurotransmitters) laid the groundwork for the emergence of ________ as a field of psychology.

A)psychopharmacology
B)cognitive psychology
C)psychology and the law
D)behavior therapy

Question 8

Otto Loewi was awarded a Nobel Prize for his discovery of the first

A)neuron
B)neurotransmitter
C)glial cell
D)chromosome

Question 9

_______ is the study of the role of genes in cognition and behavior, and researchers in this subfield have
Investigated topics such as intelligence, altruism, jealousy, and psychopathology.

A)Psychopharmacology
B)cognitive psychology
C)behavioral genetics
D)psychoneuroimmunology

Question 10

_______ is the study of the interactions between the brain, behavior, the immune system, and social and physical environments.

A)psychopharmacology
B)cognitive psychology
C)behavioral genetics
D)psychoneuroimmunology

Question 11

_______ is an early social psychologist whose experiences as a political prisoner helped to inspire his interests and research into prejudice and conformity.

A)Muzafer Sherif
B)Solomon Asch
C)Stanley Milgram
D)Phillip Zimbardo

Question 12

_______ is a social psychologist whose best-known research program investigated obedience and instigated extensive debate about ethical treatment of participants.

A)Muzafer Sherif
B)Solomon Asch
C)Stanley Milgram
D)Phillip Zimbardo

Question 13

Due to her work in political psychology, crowd psychology, corporate issues, and management, _________ helped lay the foundations for industrial-organizational psychology.

A)Mary Parker Follett
B)Lillian Gilbreth
C)Marion Almira Bills
D)Elizabeth Loftus

Question 14

_______ is viewed as the "Father of Applied Psychology" for his application of psychology to a wide variety of business problems such as motivation, argument, persuasion, and suggestions for improving workers' efficiency.

A)Walter Dill Scott
B)Frank Gilbreth
C)Franz von Liszt
D)Hugo Münsterberg

Question 15

________ is viewed as a key contributor to the emergence of industrial-organizational psychology, even though this person's work extended beyond traditional boundaries of psychology into ergonomics, safety, and efficient workplace design in industrial settings as well as the home.

A)Mary Parker Follett
B)Lillian Gilbreth
C)Walter Dill Scott
D)Hugo Münsterberg

Question 16

Who is considered the founder of industrial-organizational psychology?

A)Lillian Gilbreath
B)Marion Almira Bills
C)Walter Dill Scott
D)Stanley Milgram

Question 17

The use of systematic desensitization in behavior therapy was pioneered by

A)Aaron T. Beck
B)Marsha M. Linehan
C)Jean Piaget
D)Joseph Wolpe

Question 18

The Boulder model recommended that doctoral programs train clinical psychologists to

A)earn Psy.D. (Doctor of Psychology) degrees
B)become research-practitioners
C)emphasize research to the exclusion of therapy
D)emphasize cognitive-behavioral therapy

Question 19

Hippocrates, Galen, Dorothea Lynde Dix, Emil Kraepelin, and Lightner Witmer contributed to the intellectual traditions of

A)psychology and the law
B)cognitive psychology
C)industrial and organizational psychology
D)clinical psychology

Question 20

Psychoanalysis was seriously damaged by which historical event?

A)World War I
B)World War II
C)the Great Depression
D)the Korean War

Question 21

In 1988, the American Psychoanalytic Association officially recognized the right of therapists with a Ph.D. to undergo training in psychoanalysis. This landmark decision was considered to be a significant blow against the traditional psychoanalytic tenet of

A)institutional psychotherapy
B)medical orthodoxy
C)group therapy
D)lay analysis

Question 22

Which major psychological movement has undergone significant growth from the 1960s through the 1990s?

A)psychoanalysis
B)neobehaviorism
C)humanistic psychology
D)classical behaviorism

Question 23

The Wisconsin General Test Apparatus, invented by _____, made it possible to objectively study form discrimination and learning sets in monkeys. This pioneering researcher also contributed to advances in the study of attachment and social isolation in primates.

A)Albert Bandura
B)Hermann Ebbinghaus
C)Frederick C. Bartlett
D)Harry F. Harlow

Question 24

_____ advanced a social learning theory that emphasized observational learning.

A)Albert Bandura
B)Hermann Ebbinghaus
C)Frederick C. Bartlett
D)Harry F. Harlow

Question 25

The contemporary school of psychology that stresses the importance of such psychological processes as memory, attention, reasoning, problem solving, and language is known as

A)phenomenological psychology
B)transpersonal psychology
C)epigenetic psychology
D)cognitive psychology

Question 26

In the last century, many notable psychologists have laid the groundwork for the contemporary study of cognition. Each of the following thinkers influenced the development of cognitive psychology EXCEPT

A)Frederick C. Bartlett
B)Edward Chace Tolman
C)B. F. Skinner
D)Max Wertheimer

Question 27

His work was criticized for overemphasizing associationism, artificiality, and reductionism. Despite these criticisms, __________ conducted the first quantitative study of memory and inspired generations of future researchers.

A)Frederick C. Bartlett
B)Edward Chace Tolman
C)B. F. Skinner
D)Hermann Ebbinghaus

Question 28

Which of the following statements is most representative of Frederick C. Bartlett's research on cognition?

A)learning and memory are largely the result of the mechanical laws of association
B)our memories are reconstructed based on abstract schemas
C)the phenomenon of cognition can be reduced to biochemical processes
D)past experience has little impact on our ability to recall information

Question 29

_____ conducted some of the first studies on false memory by having subjects attempt to remember material from unfamiliar stories.

A)Frederick C. Bartlett
B)Edward Chace Tolman
C)B. F. Skinner
D)Hermann Ebbinghaus

Question 30

This French epistemologist argued that cognition evolved in a series of progressive stages based on the activation of schemas. In doing so, he revolutionized the study of cognitive development and became its most visible figure.

A)John Mark Baldwin
B)Kurt Koffka
C)Albert Ellis
D)Jean Piaget

Question 31

Gestalt interests in thinking and problem solving combined with the purposive behaviorism of _____ to establish foundations for the emergence of cognitive psychology.

A)Frederick C. Bartlett
B)Edward Chace Tolman
C)B. F. Skinner
D)Hermann Ebbinghaus

Question 32

Some cognitive psychologists have embraced the computer model and used terms such as "input," "output," and "storage" to describe human functions. These cognitive psychologists best reflect

A)the influence of behaviorism
B)the information processing metaphor
C)the humanistic approach
D)the contemporary relevance of William James

Question 33

Unlike the neobehaviorist, the cognitive psychologist views the human participant as

A)a complex, irrational organism with little free will
B)a dynamic organizer of information
C)a relatively mindless, passive receiver of information
D)both a. and c.

Question 34

The term ecological validity refers to

A)the need for people to live in harmony with the earth
B)a sophisticated test of accuracy for intelligence scores
C)the argument that psychology should focus on everyday, real-world problems that impact the lives of all people
D)the responsibility that each individual must assume for their personal lifestyle

Question 35

____________ pioneered the use of Aplysia (a giant sea snail) as a model for the basic neurobiology of memory.

A)Donald Hebb
B)Eric Kandel
C)Donald Lindsley
D)Roger Sperry