Deck 3: Early Notions About Learning

Question 1

Epistomology is the:

A)study of learning
B)study of knowledge
C)belief in the mind
D)belief that knowledge is independent of the mind

Answer 1

study of knowledge

Question 2

Which of the following is belief that knowledge comes from sensory information?

A)Rationalism
B)Empiricism
C)Nativism
D)Epistemology

Answer 2

Empiricism

Question 3

_______ is the belief that some form of knowledge is inherited.

A)rationalism
B)empiricism
C)associationism
D)nativism

Answer 3

nativism

Question 4

The authors of your text conclude that:

A)it is easier to find a pure nativist than to find a pure empiricist or rationalist
B)it is easier to find a pure rationalist than to find a pure nativist or empiricist
C)it is easier to find a pure empiricist than to find a pure nativist or rationalist
D)there are no pure rationalists, empiricists, or nativists

Question 5

According to Plato, objects in the physical world are caused by an interaction of:

A)the mind
B)mind and matter
C)matter
D)forms and matter

Question 6

According to Aristotle, sensory experiences that occur in close succession become associated in the mind.This is referred to as the:

A)law of contrast
B)law of opposites
C)law of contiguity
D)law of similarity

Question 7

The belief that the relationships among all ideas can be explained in terms of the laws of association is:

A)nativism
B)rationalism
C)associationism
D)naive realism

Question 8

Aristotle's philosophy:

A)stunted scientific inquiry
B)was adopted by early Christians
C)dominated Christian Europe
D)none of these

Question 9

Which philosopher believed that the purpose of societal rules and regulations was to protect humans from their own aggressive impulses?

A)Descartes
B)Aristotle
C)Locke
D)Hobbes

Question 10

Locke's major argument against the existence of innate ideas is as follows:

A)"If ideas were innate all humans would possess them and they do not."
B)Because God does not exist, there is no source for innate ideas."
C)"Ideas change as the mind matures and, therefore, cannot be innate."
D)"Ideas cannot exist until they are created by the brain."

Question 11

Which philosopher claimed that "natural laws" are nothing but habits of thought?

A)Locke
B)Berkeley
C)Hume
D)James

Question 12

J.S.Mill departed from traditional empiricism by claiming that:

A)some ideas are innate
B)a complex idea is sometimes different from the elemental ideas of which it
Consists
C)sensory information is the basis of all knowledge
D)in order for something to exist it must be perceived

Question 13

According to Reid, we can trust that our senses reflect physical reality because:

A)God would not deceive us
B)logic forces us to do so
C)it makes common sense to do so
D)not to do so would conflict with the philosophies of Kant and Hume

Question 14

The contention that physical reality is as we perceive it to be is called:

A)tabula rasa
B)naive realism
C)nativism
D)phrenology

Question 15

The first phrenologist was:

A)Kant
B)Gall
C)Reid
D)Locke

Question 16

A student is required to study mathematics because it is believed that such study will facilitate the learning of foreign languages.Such a belief exemplifies:

A)formal discipline
B)phrenology
C)functional behaviorism
D)nativism

Question 17

Which of the following do you associate with functionalism?

A)the study of the adaptive value of thought and behavior
B)the objective study of behavior
C)the systematic study of human consciousness
D)the systematic study of innate ideas

Question 18

What school of psychology completely rejected the study of consciousness?

A)structuralism
B)behaviorism
C)functionalism
D)associationism

Question 19

_____ is the belief that the mind is actively involved in the creation of knowledge.

A)rationalism
B)empiricism
C)nativism
D)associationism

Question 20

Who is associated with the reminiscence theory of knowledge?

A)Socrates
B)Plato
C)Aristotle
D)Pythagoras

Question 21

Which of the following is true of Aristotle?

A)He wrote the first history of psychology
B)He formulated the laws of association
C)He believed the brain functioned to cool the blood
D)All of the above

Question 22

Which of the following philosophers was the first to describe reflex action?

A)Aristotle
B)Descartes
C)Plato
D)Kant

Question 23

Whose philosophy is the antecedent to cognitive psychology?

A)Reid
B)Kant
C)Hume
D)Berkeley

Question 24

The study of the location of bumps and depressions on a person's skull in order to determine his or her strong and weak faculties is called:

A)nativism
B)introspection
C)phrenology
D)lobotomy

Question 25

Who was responsible for changing the philosophical question, "How do humans think?" to "How do humans adjust to their environment?"

A)Kant
B)Darwin
C)James
D)Locke

Question 26

The first psychologist to make a thoroughly empirical study of association was:

A)Ebbinghaus
B)Darwin
C)Freud
D)Mill

Question 27

Psychology's first school was:

A)structuralism
B)behaviorism
C)voluntarism
D)functionalism

Question 28

The school of structuralism was founded by:

A)Titchener
B)Wundt
C)James
D)Watson

Question 29

The major research tool of the structuralist was:

A)naturalistic observation
B)free association
C)introspection
D)animal experimentation

Question 30

The founder of the functionalist school was:

A)James
B)Watson
C)Wundt
D)Titchener

Question 31

The functionalist school was strongly influenced by:

A)Plato
B)Wundt
C)Darwin
D)Watson

Question 32

To whom do you attribute the statement, "Consciousness cannot be reduced into elements.Rather, consciousness functions as a unity whose purpose is to allow the organism to adjust to its environment"?

A)James
B)Watson
C)Wundt
D)Ebbinghaus

Question 33

Which of the following do you associate with behaviorism?

A)the study of the adaptive value of thought and behavior
B)the objective study of behavior
C)the systematic study of human consciousness
D)the systematic study of innate ideas

Question 34

It can be argued that all contemporary psychologists are:

A)voluntarists
B)structuralists
C)behaviorists
D)functionalists