Deck 16: Localization and Tracking Methods in Wireless Sensor Networks

Question 1

_______________ is essential for any WSN application.

A)time synchronization
B)localization
C)time synchronization & localization
D)a or b any one

Answer 1

time synchronization & localization

Question 2

For outdoor wireless sensor networks ________ is used for localization

A)gps
B)postal address
C)semantic information
D)a and b both

Answer 2

a and b both

Question 3

Choose the correct statement

A)physical coordinates changes and symbolic coordinates remains constant over time
B)physical coordinates remains constant and symbolic coordinates changes over time
C)physical coordinates and symbolic coordinates both remains constant over time
D)physical coordinates and symbolic coordinates changes over time

Answer 3

physical coordinates remains constant and symbolic coordinates changes over time

Question 4

Tracking problem can be described as the solution of a

A)set of localization problems at successive time intervals.
B)set of localization problems at successive location.
C)single localization problems at fixed time intervals.
D)all of the above

Question 5

Localization accuracy is the _____________ distance between the estimated and the real position of the sensor node.

A)average
B)smallest
C)largest
D)mean

Question 6

A typical GPS receivers achieve 15 meters accuracy with 95% precision. This means that in 95% of all measurements you stay in the radius of 15 meters, whereas in the remaining 5% you have _____ errors.

A)smaller
B)larger
C)can not specify
D)a or b

Question 7

Localization methods have _______________ costs associated with it

A)communication cost and infrastructure cost only
B)space cost and communication cost only
C)space cost, communication cost and infrastructure cost only
D)space cost, communication cost and energy cost only

Question 8

Few node consist of GPS installed on it to simplify the localization are called as _________.

A)anchor nodes
B)simple nodes
C)master nodes
D)router nodes

Question 9

Anchor nodes are the nodes having ________.

A)compass on it
B)gps on it
C)trans-receiver on it
D)internet connectivity

Question 10

If the target cooperates itself in localization & tracking, then it is called as _________ target tracking.

A)active
B)collaborative
C)cooperative
D)all of these

Question 11

Range Based target tracking algorithm relies on

A)distance calculation,
B)range calculation,
C)connectivity of nodes
D)a and b both

Question 12

Range free target tracking algorithm relies on

A)distance calculation,
B)range calculation,
C)connectivity of nodes
D)a and c both

Question 13

Pre-deployment Schemes provide sensor nodes with their location information _________ them in the environment.

A)before installing
B)after installing
C)both are possible
D)initially during network formation

Question 14

Pre-deployment Schemes provide sensor nodes with their location information of consist of _________

A)symbolic information
B)postal address
C)a and b both
D)gps location

Question 15

_____________ has strategy of Non-anchor nodes try to locate themselves by sensing the positions of anchor nodes in their proximity

A)post-deployment localization
B)pre-deployment localization
C)proximity scheme of localization
D)b and c both

Question 16

_____________ has strategy of Non-anchor nodes try to locate themselves by sensing the positions of anchor nodes in their proximity

A)post-deployment localization
B)pre-deployment localization
C)neither a nor b
D)a and b both

Question 17

In location mules, there are no ____________ in the environment. Instead, a _________ with an on-board GPS receiver is used.

A)installed anchors, router
B)installed anchors, mobile node
C)mobile node, installed anchors
D)mobile node, personal computer

Question 18

The ________ the transmission power of the mule, then ________ is the accuracy of positioning.

A)weaker, weaker
B)better, better
C)weaker, better
D)none of the above

Question 19

In triangulation, need to measure the angle between the sensor node and the anchors and use this information to compute nodes own position.

A)angle
B)distance
C)angle and distance
D)angle and height

Question 20

For trilateration, we measure distances to at least _______ anchors.

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5

Question 21

For trilateration, we measure _______ between the node and anchors.

A)angle
B)distance
C)angle and distance
D)angle and height

Question 22

Trilateration measures distance based on radio communication by mapping _____ values into distances.

A)received signal strength indicator - rssi
B)link quality indicator - lqi
C)rssi or lqi
D)rssi and lqi

Question 23

The time difference of arrival method uses ___________ communication interfaces to estimate distance.

A)radio only
B)acoustic only
C)radio and acoustic
D)radio or acoustic

Question 24

In case of iterative localization the accuracy of localization ________ with each iteration.

A)increases
B)decreases
C)remains same
D)may increase or decrease

Question 25

Node gather enough anchor points and measurements, they compute their own locations. Once they have localized, they also declare themselves as an anchors. In this way, sensor nodes without enough anchors get a chance to localize. This approach is called as ____________ localization.

A)iterative
B)direct
C)range free
D)a and c both