Deck 9: Monitoring in Mechanical Ventilation

Question 1

Hyperthermia, though seen less commonly in the critically ill patient, can occur as a result of central nervous system (CNS) problems, metabolic disorders, and from certain drugs or toxins.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Urine output below 20 mL/hour is indicative of fluid deficiency.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Pulse oximetry oxygen saturation (SpO₂) is more accurate than SaO₂ and it can provide quick spot checks or a trend reflecting a patient's oxygenation status.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The PetCO₂ may be used to estimate the arterial PCO₂ (PaCO₂).

Question 5

Transcutaneous blood gas monitoring has been used more often in adults than in neonates.

Question 6

____ is a condition that may cause tachycardia.

A) Hypothermia
B) Fever
C) Heart block
D) Inadequate coronary blood flow

Question 7

The most common insertion site for an indwelling arterial catheter is the ____ artery.

A) femoral
B) brachial
C) popliteal
D) radial

Question 8

Pulmonary edema is a condition related to which of the following abnormal breath sounds?

A) diminished or absent
B) coarse crackles
C) inspiratory crackles
D) wheezes

Question 9

The cation ____ has a normal concentration and range of 5 (4.5 to 5.5) mEq/L.

A) Na⁺
B) Ca⁺⁺
C) K⁺
D) Mg⁺⁺

Question 10

Anion gap is the relationship of the cations ____ to the anions chloride and bicarbonate.

A) sodium and calcium
B) calcium and magnesium
C) potassium and magnesium
D) sodium and potassium

Question 11

Severe potassium depletion can lead to ____ and compensatory hypoventilation.

A) metabolic acidosis
B) metabolic alkalosis
C) abnormally low PaCO₂
D) renal failure

Question 12

When assessing a patient's oxygen status, a decrease in PaO₂ with little or no increase in P(A-a)O₂ is probably due to ____ and this can be confirmed by an elevated PaCO₂.

A) hypoventilation
B) diffusion defect
C) V/Q mismatch
D) hyperventilation

Question 13

Hypoxemia caused by ____ is characterized by a normal or low PaCO₂, and this type of hypoxemia responds well to moderate levels of supplemental oxygen.

A) intrapulmonary shunting
B) V/Q mismatch
C) acute hypoventilation
D) respiratory acidosis

Question 14

Which of the following factors causes SpO₂ measures higher than actual SaO₂ when using pulse oximetry?

A) fluorescent light
B) nail polish
C) intravenous dyes
D) dyshemoglobins

Question 15

When using integrated pulse co-oximetry, ____ is a relative assessment of the pulse strength at the monitoring site.

A) SpOC
B) SpCO
C) PI
D) PVI

Question 16

CPP is the difference between the ____ and the intracranial pressure.

A) central venous pressure
B) mean arterial pressure
C) end-diastolic pressure
D) pulse pressure

Question 17

The optimum level of CPP is not defined, but the critical threshold is believed to be from ____.

A) 50 to 60 mm Hg
B) 60 to 70 mm Hg
C) 70 to 80 mm Hg
D) 80 to 90 mm Hg

Question 18

When looking at a capnographic tracing of a complete respiratory cycle, it shows that during ____, P_ECO₂ increases dramatically as alveolar gas begins mixing with deadspace gas.

A) phase I
B) phase II
C) phase III
D) phase IV

Question 19

____ is a condition that may cause hypertension.

A) Polycythemia
B) Pump failure
C) Relative hypovolemia
D) Absolute hypovolemia

Question 20

When monitoring a patient's PaO₂, a result of 40-59 mm Hg would be interpreted as ____.

A) normal
B) mild hypoxemia
C) moderate hypoxemia
D) severe hypoxemia

Question 21

When _______________ and low tidal volume are observed in a patient, successful weaning from mechanical ventilation is not likely.

Question 22

Mechanical ventilation reduces urine output as a result of an increase in _______________ and reduction of atrial natriuretic factor.

Question 23

Hypoxemia caused by _______________ does not respond well to high concentrations of oxygen.

Question 24

_______________ is a measurement of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in a gas sample.

Question 25

_______________ is the pressure required to provide blood flow, oxygen, and metabolite to the brain.

Question 26

What are the four reasons for monitoring a patient on a continuous basis?

Question 27

How is assessment of symmetry of chest excursion or expansion done?

Question 28

What are the limitations of blood gas analysis and monitoring?

Question 29

What is the major advantage and disadvantage of both mainstream and sidestream capnography?

Question 30

What are the limitations of transcutaneous PO₂ (PtcO₂)?