Question 1

What are the limitations of transcutaneous PO2 (PtcO2)?

Accepted Answer

Accuracy of the PtcO₂ electrode is affected by skin edema, hypothermia, and capillary perfusion status. PtcO₂ becomes less accurate when the measuring range is greater than 80 mm Hg. When cardiac output decreases, as with the patient in shock, a disproportionate fall in PtcO₂ occurs. Other disadvantages of transcutaneous monitors are the need for frequent site changes (every 4 hours) to avoid erythemia and burns to the infant's skin, and a long equilibration time after each site change.

Question 2

What are the four reasons for monitoring a patient on a continuous basis?

Accepted Answer

(1) baseline measurements can be used to establish the initial treatment plan and serve as a reference point for future measurements
(2) a trend can be established to document the progress or regression of a patient's condition
(3) treatment plans can be added, altered, or discontinued according to the measurements obtained
(4) high-limit and low-limit alarms can be set on most monitors to safeguard a patient's safety

Question 3

When assessing a patient's oxygen status, a decrease in PaO2 with little or no increase in P(A-a)O2 is probably due to ____ and this can be confirmed by an elevated PaCO2.

Accepted Answer

A)  hypoventilation 
B)  diffusion defect 
C)  V/Q mismatch 
D)  hyperventilation 
A)  hypoventilation 
B)  diffusion defect 
C)  V/Q mismatch 
D)  hyperventilation A

Question 4

Hypoxemia caused by _______________ does not respond well to high concentrations of oxygen.

Accepted Answer

intrapulmo

Question 5

When using integrated pulse co-oximetry, ____ is a relative assessment of the pulse strength at the monitoring site.

Accepted Answer

A)  SpOC 
B)  SpCO 
C)  PI 
D)  PVI 
A)  SpOC 
B)  SpCO 
C)  PI 
D)  PVI

Question 6

How is assessment of symmetry of chest excursion or expansion done?

Accepted Answer

Assessment of symmetry of chest excursio

Question 7

_______________ is the pressure required to provide blood flow, oxygen, and metabolite to the brain.

Accepted Answer

CPP
cerebral perfusi

Question 8

CPP is the difference between the ____ and the intracranial pressure.

Accepted Answer

A)  central venous pressure 
B)  mean arterial pressure 
C)  end-diastolic pressure 
D)  pulse pressure 
A)  central venous pressure 
B)  mean arterial pressure 
C)  end-diastolic pressure 
D)  pulse pressure

Question 9

Pulse oximetry oxygen saturation (SpO2) is more accurate than SaO2 and it can provide quick spot checks or a trend reflecting a patient's oxygenation status.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

When _______________ and low tidal volume are observed in a patient, successful weaning from mechanical ventilation is not likely.

Accepted Answer

tachypnea

Question 11

____ is a condition that may cause hypertension.

Accepted Answer

A)  Polycythemia 
B)  Pump failure 
C)  Relative hypovolemia 
D)  Absolute hypovolemia 
A)  Polycythemia 
B)  Pump failure 
C)  Relative hypovolemia 
D)  Absolute hypovolemia

Question 12

The PetCO2 may be used to estimate the arterial PCO2 (PaCO2).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The most common insertion site for an indwelling arterial catheter is the ____ artery.

Accepted Answer

A)  femoral 
B)  brachial 
C)  popliteal 
D)  radial 
A)  femoral 
B)  brachial 
C)  popliteal 
D)  radial

Question 14

Which of the following factors causes SpO2 measures higher than actual SaO2 when using pulse oximetry?

Accepted Answer

A)  fluorescent light 
B)  nail polish 
C)  intravenous dyes 
D)  dyshemoglobins 
A)  fluorescent light 
B)  nail polish 
C)  intravenous dyes 
D)  dyshemoglobins

Question 15

Severe potassium depletion can lead to ____ and compensatory hypoventilation.

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolic acidosis 
B)  metabolic alkalosis 
C)  abnormally low PaCO2 
D)  renal failure 
A)  metabolic acidosis 
B)  metabolic alkalosis 
C)  abnormally low PaCO2 
D)  renal failure

Question 16

The cation ____ has a normal concentration and range of 5 (4.5 to 5.5) mEq/L.

Accepted Answer

A)  Na+ 
B)  Ca++ 
C)  K+ 
D)  Mg++ 
A)  Na+ 
B)  Ca++ 
C)  K+ 
D)  Mg++

Question 17

Mechanical ventilation reduces urine output as a result of an increase in _______________ and reduction of atrial natriuretic factor.

Accepted Answer

antidiuretic hormone

Question 18

Hyperthermia, though seen less commonly in the critically ill patient, can occur as a result of central nervous system (CNS) problems, metabolic disorders, and from certain drugs or toxins.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Pulmonary edema is a condition related to which of the following abnormal breath sounds?

Accepted Answer

A)  diminished or absent 
B)  coarse crackles 
C)  inspiratory crackles 
D)  wheezes 
A)  diminished or absent 
B)  coarse crackles 
C)  inspiratory crackles 
D)  wheezes

Question 20

Hypoxemia caused by ____ is characterized by a normal or low PaCO2, and this type of hypoxemia responds well to moderate levels of supplemental oxygen.

Accepted Answer

A)  intrapulmonary shunting 
B)  V/Q mismatch 
C)  acute hypoventilation 
D)  respiratory acidosis 
A)  intrapulmonary shunting 
B)  V/Q mismatch 
C)  acute hypoventilation 
D)  respiratory acidosis

What are the limitations of transcutaneous PO₂ (PtcO₂)?

What are the four reasons for monitoring a patient on a continuous basis?

When assessing a patient's oxygen status, a decrease in PaO₂ with little or no increase in P(A-a)O₂ is probably due to ____ and this can be confirmed by an elevated PaCO₂.

Hypoxemia caused by _______________ does not respond well to high concentrations of oxygen.

When using integrated pulse co-oximetry, ____ is a relative assessment of the pulse strength at the monitoring site.

How is assessment of symmetry of chest excursion or expansion done?

_______________ is the pressure required to provide blood flow, oxygen, and metabolite to the brain.

CPP is the difference between the ____ and the intracranial pressure.

Pulse oximetry oxygen saturation (SpO₂) is more accurate than SaO₂ and it can provide quick spot checks or a trend reflecting a patient's oxygenation status.

When _______________ and low tidal volume are observed in a patient, successful weaning from mechanical ventilation is not likely.

____ is a condition that may cause hypertension.

The PetCO₂ may be used to estimate the arterial PCO₂(PaCO₂).

The most common insertion site for an indwelling arterial catheter is the ____ artery.

Which of the following factors causes SpO₂ measures higher than actual SaO₂ when using pulse oximetry?

Severe potassium depletion can lead to ____ and compensatory hypoventilation.

The cation ____ has a normal concentration and range of 5 (4.5 to 5.5) mEq/L.

Mechanical ventilation reduces urine output as a result of an increase in _______________ and reduction of atrial natriuretic factor.

Hyperthermia, though seen less commonly in the critically ill patient, can occur as a result of central nervous system (CNS) problems, metabolic disorders, and from certain drugs or toxins.

Pulmonary edema is a condition related to which of the following abnormal breath sounds?

Hypoxemia caused by ____ is characterized by a normal or low PaCO₂, and this type of hypoxemia responds well to moderate levels of supplemental oxygen.

Principles of Mechanical Ventilation

Effects of Positive Pressure Ventilation

Classification of Mechanical Ventilators

Operating Modes of Mechanical Ventilation

Special Airways for Ventilation

Airway Management in Mechanical Ventilation

Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation

Initiation of Mechanical Ventilation

Hemodynamic Monitoring

Ventilator Waveform Analysis

Management of Mechanical Ventilation

Pharmacotherapy for Mechanical Ventilation

Procedures Related to Mechanical Ventilation

Critical Care Issues in Mechanical Ventilation

Weaning From Mechanical Ventilation

Neonatal Mechanical Ventilation

Mechanical Ventilation in Non-Traditional Settings

Filters

Exam 9: Monitoring in Mechanical Ventilation

What are the limitations of transcutaneous PO2 (PtcO2)?

What are the four reasons for monitoring a patient on a continuous basis?

When assessing a patient's oxygen status, a decrease in PaO2 with little or no increase in P(A-a)O2 is probably due to ____ and this can be confirmed by an elevated PaCO2.

Hypoxemia caused by _______________ does not respond well to high concentrations of oxygen.

When using integrated pulse co-oximetry, ____ is a relative assessment of the pulse strength at the monitoring site.

How is assessment of symmetry of chest excursion or expansion done?

_______________ is the pressure required to provide blood flow, oxygen, and metabolite to the brain.

CPP is the difference between the ____ and the intracranial pressure.

Pulse oximetry oxygen saturation (SpO2) is more accurate than SaO2 and it can provide quick spot checks or a trend reflecting a patient's oxygenation status.

When _______________ and low tidal volume are observed in a patient, successful weaning from mechanical ventilation is not likely.

____ is a condition that may cause hypertension.

The PetCO2 may be used to estimate the arterial PCO2 (PaCO2).

The most common insertion site for an indwelling arterial catheter is the ____ artery.

Which of the following factors causes SpO2 measures higher than actual SaO2 when using pulse oximetry?

Severe potassium depletion can lead to ____ and compensatory hypoventilation.

The cation ____ has a normal concentration and range of 5 (4.5 to 5.5) mEq/L.

Mechanical ventilation reduces urine output as a result of an increase in _______________ and reduction of atrial natriuretic factor.

Hyperthermia, though seen less commonly in the critically ill patient, can occur as a result of central nervous system (CNS) problems, metabolic disorders, and from certain drugs or toxins.

Pulmonary edema is a condition related to which of the following abnormal breath sounds?

Hypoxemia caused by ____ is characterized by a normal or low PaCO2, and this type of hypoxemia responds well to moderate levels of supplemental oxygen.

Principles of Mechanical Ventilation

Effects of Positive Pressure Ventilation

Classification of Mechanical Ventilators

Operating Modes of Mechanical Ventilation

Special Airways for Ventilation

Airway Management in Mechanical Ventilation

Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation

Initiation of Mechanical Ventilation

Hemodynamic Monitoring

Ventilator Waveform Analysis

Management of Mechanical Ventilation

Pharmacotherapy for Mechanical Ventilation

Procedures Related to Mechanical Ventilation

Critical Care Issues in Mechanical Ventilation

Weaning From Mechanical Ventilation

Neonatal Mechanical Ventilation

Mechanical Ventilation in Non-Traditional Settings

Filters

What are the limitations of transcutaneous PO₂ (PtcO₂)?

When assessing a patient's oxygen status, a decrease in PaO₂ with little or no increase in P(A-a)O₂ is probably due to ____ and this can be confirmed by an elevated PaCO₂.

Pulse oximetry oxygen saturation (SpO₂) is more accurate than SaO₂ and it can provide quick spot checks or a trend reflecting a patient's oxygenation status.

The PetCO₂ may be used to estimate the arterial PCO₂(PaCO₂).

Which of the following factors causes SpO₂ measures higher than actual SaO₂ when using pulse oximetry?

Hypoxemia caused by ____ is characterized by a normal or low PaCO₂, and this type of hypoxemia responds well to moderate levels of supplemental oxygen.