Deck 3: Decision Making in Value Issues and Private Law

Question 1

The most common form of consequence-oriented reasoning is known as ____________________.?

A) divine command ethics
B) deontological theory
C) utilitarianism
D) virtue ethics

Answer 1

utilitarianism

Question 2

______________ held that morality is derived from rationality, not from experience, and obligation is grounded in pure reason.

A) Jeremy Bantham
B) Immanuel Kant
C) John Stuart Mill
D) Aristotle

Answer 2

Immanuel Kant

Question 3

Philosophers such as ________________ have argued for a return to virtue-based ethics because actions-based ethical systems are essentially negative and fail to inspire or motivate excellent behavior.

A) Jeremy Bantham
B) Aristotle
C) Alasdair Macintyre
D) Immanuel Kant

Answer 3

Alasdair Macintyre

Question 4

The question, "How should I carry out my life if I am to live well," is representative of which of the following theoretical positions?

A) duty-oriented
B) consequence-oriented
C) virtue ethics reasoning
D) utilitarianism

Question 5

Utilitarianism is a form of _________________________ reasoning.

A) consequence-oriented
B) duty-oriented
C) virtue ethics
D) divine mandate

Question 6

Kantian ethics is a form of ____________________ reasoning.

A) consequence-oriented
B) duty-oriented
C) divine mandate
D) virtue-ethics

Question 7

For the _____________________ ethicists, the basic rightness or wrongness of an act depends on the intrinsic nature of the act itself.

A) duty-oriented
B) divine mandate
C) virtue
D) consequence-oriented

Question 8

_________________________ systems focus on reasoning to an appropriate action.

A) Virtue-ethics
B) Consequence-oriented
C) Duty-oriented
D) Deontological

Question 9

The "categorical imperative" is part of ____________________ ethics.

A) duty-oriented
B) virtue
C) Kantian
D) consequence-oriented

Question 10

All of the following are elements of a torte, EXCEPT:

A) the existence of a legal duty owing from plaintiff to defendant
B) a breach of duty owing from defendant to plaintiff
C) the existence of a legal duty owing from defendant to plaintiff
D) damages as a result of a breach of duty

Question 11

To sustain a claim of negligence, all of the following must be in place EXCEPT:

A) duty
B) dereliction of duty
C) direct cause
D) due process

Question 12

Assault and battery differ from each other in that ______________ requires physical contact of some sort (bodily injury or offensive touching).

A) assault
B) battery

Question 13

Assault and battery differ from each other in that _________________ is committed without physical contact, such as someone verbally cursing and threatening.?

A) assault
B) battery

Question 14

A written violation of a patient's right to privacy that may result in a charge of defamation of character being filed against a health care provider is termed _________________.

A) libel
B) slander
C) assault
D) nonfeasance

Question 15

Spoken defamation of character is termed ____________________.

A) libel
B) slander
C) assault
D) nonfeasance

Question 16

____________________ is the decision-making system that calls for the individual to think about what a "good practitioner" would do when making a decision.

A) Virtue ethics
B) Divine command ethics
C) Kantian ethics
D) Consequence ethics

Question 17

_________________________ is a form of utilitarianism that holds that an action can be deemed to be right if it conforms to a rule that has been validated by the principle of utility.

A) Act utilitarianism
B) Rule utilitarianism
C) Kantian ethics
D) Ethics of Care

Question 18

Kantian ethics has been criticized as being exceptionless. Is this a true criticism? In your answer explain your position.

Question 19

In a short essay provide an answer to the case "Katrina," from a consequence-oriented reasoning system. In your answer, demonstrate an understanding of how these decisions are made.

Question 20

In a short essay provide an answer to the case "Katrina," from a Kantian ethics viewpoint. In your answer demonstrate an understanding of how these decisions are made.

Question 21

In a short essay provide an answer to the case "Katrina," from a divine command ethics viewpoint. In your answer demonstrate an understanding of how these decisions are made.

Question 22

In a short essay provide an answer to the case "Katrina," from a virtue ethics viewpoint. In your answer demonstrate an understanding of how these decisions are made.

Question 23

Utilitarianism has been criticized as a "pig philosophy" or a form of hedonism. Explain how these criticisms are overcome by modern formulations of this consequence-oriented form of reasoning.

Question 24

Differentiate between act utilitarianism and rule utilitarianism. In your answer identify which of the two forms seem most closely aligned with a duty-oriented form of reasoning.

Question 25

List three criticisms each for the following forms of reasoning. Rank the criticisms in the order that you think is most important to least important. Explain why you feel the number one in each group is the most critical.a. Utilitarianismb. Kantian ethicsc. Virtue ethicsd. Divine command ethics

Question 26

Assume that you made a medication error and want to decide whether you need to tell someone about the error. Create a series of steps you would use in making the decision, using the following forms of ethical reasoning: utilitarianism, Kantian, virtue, and divine command.

Question 27

Explain the origin of the Ethics of Care.

Question 28

Identify and explain the nature of the Euthyphro Problem associated with divine command ethics.

Question 29

Identify three virtues that form the basis for the development of and the expression of caring in health care practice

Question 30

Create a scoring system of 1 to 5, with 5 being the greatest utility and 1 being the least. Work out the utility for the following problem. Should I take a gratuity from a patient ($50 in an envelope) even though I know that the hospital forbids the practice of taking gratuities? Show criteria you are evaluating and provide the score for the yes and no decisions.

Question 31

Differentiate between teleological and deontological reasoning and give examples of a decision-making model for each.