Chat with AIExam 3: Decision Making in Value Issues and Private Law
List three criticisms each for the following forms of reasoning. Rank the criticisms in the order that you think is most important to least important. Explain why you feel the number one in each group is the most critical.a. Utilitarianismb. Kantian ethicsc. Virtue ethicsd. Divine command ethics
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VerifiedRefer to the list of criticisms. Answers regarding which are most important are a matter of preference.
Utilitarianism:
a. may be used to sanction unfairness and the violation of rights
b. is not sensitive to the agent-relativity of duty
c. does not seem to give enough respect to persons
d. holds that it is justifiable to prevent others from doing what we believe to be harmful acts to themselves
e. does not provide a basis for our own moral attitudes and presumptions
Kantian ethics:
a. The exceptionless character makes it too rigid for real life.
b. Morality cannot be derived from pure reason.
c. Disregarding consequences can lead to disastrous results.
d. Nonhumans have no independent moral standing.
e. It is possible to have conflicts between two equally supported duties.
Virtue ethics:
a. do not generally provide specific directions in regard to decisions
b. Traditions do not adapt easily to changes in practice that require new moral responses.
c. Derivation of duty from one's class may perpetuate classism, sexism, etc.
d. A traditional emphasis depends on past experience rather than reason.
e. One may find that he is attempting to address several idealized roles at the same time.
f. often yields results that do not maximize happiness
Divine command ethics:
a. assumes a belief in either divine beings or exemplary individuals
b. cannot cover all possible cases of moral decision
c. generally are exceptionless in nature
d. has the Euthyphro Problem
Assume that you made a medication error and want to decide whether you need to tell someone about the error. Create a series of steps you would use in making the decision, using the following forms of ethical reasoning: utilitarianism, Kantian, virtue, and divine command.
(28) VerifiedUtilitarianism:
a. Describe the problem.
b. Create a list of potential solutions of initial credibility.
c. Compare each potential solution with the principle of utility.
d. Make a decision.
Kantian:
a. Describe the problem.
b. Create a list of potential solutions of initial credibility.
c. Compare each potential solution with a principle or principles involved.
d. Make a decision.
Virtue:
a. Describe the problem.
b. List solutions.
c. Compare solutions with traditions and excellent practice.
d. Make a decision.
Divine command:
a. Describe the problem.
b. List solutions.
c. Compare solutions to principles or rules prescribed by religious dictate.
d. Make a decision.
Identify three virtues that form the basis for the development of and the expression of caring in health care practice
(39) VerifiedAnswers may include any of the following: compassion, discernment, trustworthiness, integrity, and conscientiousness.
In a short essay provide an answer to the case "Katrina," from a virtue ethics viewpoint. In your answer demonstrate an understanding of how these decisions are made.
(41) _________________________ systems focus on reasoning to an appropriate action.
(31) ______________ held that morality is derived from rationality, not from experience, and obligation is grounded in pure reason.
(32) For the _____________________ ethicists, the basic rightness or wrongness of an act depends on the intrinsic nature of the act itself.
(35) In a short essay provide an answer to the case "Katrina," from a consequence-oriented reasoning system. In your answer, demonstrate an understanding of how these decisions are made.
(42) The most common form of consequence-oriented reasoning is known as ____________________.?
(32) A written violation of a patient's right to privacy that may result in a charge of defamation of character being filed against a health care provider is termed _________________.
(32) Identify and explain the nature of the Euthyphro Problem associated with divine command ethics.
(43) Differentiate between teleological and deontological reasoning and give examples of a decision-making model for each.
(35) ____________________ is the decision-making system that calls for the individual to think about what a "good practitioner" would do when making a decision.
(31) Kantian ethics is a form of ____________________ reasoning.
(32) Differentiate between act utilitarianism and rule utilitarianism. In your answer identify which of the two forms seem most closely aligned with a duty-oriented form of reasoning.
(43) The question, "How should I carry out my life if I am to live well," is representative of which of the following theoretical positions?
(34) Kantian ethics has been criticized as being exceptionless. Is this a true criticism? In your answer explain your position.
(38) The "categorical imperative" is part of ____________________ ethics.
(32) Philosophers such as ________________ have argued for a return to virtue-based ethics because actions-based ethical systems are essentially negative and fail to inspire or motivate excellent behavior.
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