Deck 7: Social Learning and Development With Peers

Question 1

There are four social capacities discussed in this chapter. Which one of the following is not one of them?

A) To communicate with peers
B) To be a helping and giving person
C) To assert themselves and negotiate conflict
D) To react intensely to emotional situations

Answer 1

To react intensely to emotional situations

Question 2

Social competence is:

A) the ability to be active, outgoing, and focused on others
B) to be full of life, energetic, enthusiastic, and cheerful
C) the ability to engage in social interactions that are mutually satisfying
D) the ability to be assertive

Answer 2

the ability to engage in social interactions that are mutually satisfying

Question 3

One of the three temperamental dimensions is more likely to affect social development by influencing the other two. Which one is it?

A) Self-regulation
B) Shy to extroverted
C) Negative to positive emotions
D) Exuberance

Answer 3

Self-regulation

Question 4

Robin was very inhibited-shy, hesitant to interact, fearful with peers, and often anxious. A teacher can:

A) expect her to change as she gets older so ignore the behavior
B) gently encourage her and help her interact with others
C) require her to interact with others to help her get over her fear
D) always keep Robin by her side

Question 5

Gender segregation is of concern when:

A) boys play with dolls and girls with blocks
B) boys or girls are willing to play with the other gender
C) a group usually wants to play away from the care teacher
D) a group stays beside the care teacher

Question 6

Boys may like to play with boys and girls with girls because:

A) they want to play with another child that is the same gender
B) they choose the same kinds of toys
C) they have similar play styles
D) they value anything associated with their own gender category

Question 7

One way to support interaction between children with disabilities and those without is to:

A) comment on the differences between children
B) provide only one of each toy so that children have to share
C) teach the child with a disability how to use a new toy
D) allow children to play apart and interact when they are ready

Question 8

Culture probably will influence:

A) young children's use of gestural language
B) who parents want their children to socialize with
C) infants' and toddlers' mutual awareness
D) continuity of play groups

Question 9

If Damon clenches his fist toward another toddler, he is using gestural language that communicates:

A) aggression
B) threatening
C) fear and retreat
D) attachment

Question 10

Which of the following stages of peer play (Howe's, 1988) is the most advanced developmentally?

A) Parallel play
B) Complementary and reciprocal social play
C) Parallel play with mutual regard
D) Complementary and reciprocal play with mutual awareness

Question 11

Children exhibit prosocial behavior as early as:

A) 1 year of age
B) 18 months of age
C) 2 years of age
D) 2 1/2 years of age

Question 12

As discussed in this chapter, parents of children who were most prosocial:

A) said, "No," or "Stop" when their child hurt another child
B) gave a clear message (without physical punishment) that their child must not hurt anyone
C) hit their child if their child hit a peer, to show them what it felt like
D) said to their children when they hurt someone, "It's OK, you'll learn not to hit when you are older."

Question 13

Friendships between children can be enhanced by:

A) encouraging some children to be dominant
B) group continuity of care
C) changing the children in a class every year so that children will meet new children
D) stopping most of the conflicts between them

Question 14

From engaging in conflicts with peers, children learn to:

A) be dominant rather than submissive
B) be mean-spirited and aggressive
C) negotiate and self-regulate
D) say, "Mine", and "no"

Question 15

Infants' and toddlers' expectations for relationships are primarily due to:

A) their gender
B) their temperament and their gender
C) the quality of their first relationships with adults
D) their experience with peers

Question 16

Exuberant children are outgoing and demonstrative. Researchers also found that these children may demonstrate more:

A) inhibition with peers
B) aggression with peers
C) fear of peers
D) anxiety

Question 17

A researcher (discussed in the chapter) observed two toddlers (13 and 14 months old). What did she conclude about these young toddlers' ability to demonstrate friendship?

A) The young toddlers engaged in more conflicts than affectionate behavior.
B) The young toddlers did not indicate that they were friends.
C) The young toddlers demonstrated their friendship through many reciprocal verbal exchanges.
D) The young toddlers demonstrated their friendship through expressions of joy and affection toward each other.

Question 18

What does the term, "continuity of group" in an infant/toddler program mean?

A) Children remain with their group throughout their early years.
B) At least one teacher moves up to a new age group with a few children.
C) Teachers work continuously as a connected group.
D) Children remain with their closest friend throughout the early years.

Question 19

Recent research on prosocial development demonstrates that:

A) toddlers have difficulty with empathy for others until they are 3
B) friendships among toddlers are brief occurrences
C) infants and toddlers are capable of sophisticated social judgements
D) teachers absolutely must stop conflict when it first begins

Question 20

The example of Jason distributing items demonstrates which of the following important principles for teachers to remember?

A) It is critically important to observe and reflect on children's goals
B) It is critically important to not judge children
C) Children with and without identified disabilities can learn from each other
D) Socialization strategies of teachers includes preventing conflicts from occurring

Question 21

Why is "continuity of group"
important?

Question 22

How do (a) temperament and (b) gender affect social development? When do teachers need to be concerned about gender segregation?

Question 23

Describe prosocial behaviors and strategies that parents and teachers can use to support prosocial behavior.