Deck 27: Face-Negotiation Theory

Question 1

All of the following are true about Face-Negotiation Theory (FNT) EXCEPT

A) it combines the principles of intercultural communication, conflict, and politeness
B) the theory has been criticized for overlooking the impact of cultural differences in conflict management
C) the theory has been influenced by the work of Goffman and Ho
D) face is a central concept in the theory and is viewed as pervading all aspects of social life

Answer 1

the theory has been criticized for overlooking the impact of cultural differences in conflict management

Question 2

Negative face is associated with a desire for

A) popularity
B) affiliation
C) autonomy
D) dominance

Answer 2

autonomy

Question 3

A person's interest in maintaining one's own face or the face of others is called

A) face need
B) face acceptance
C) face concern
D) facework

Answer 3

face concern

Question 4

Sometimes in conversation when we say something that embarrasses the other person, we try to change the subject in order to reduce potential face loss. Such actions that are taken to deal with the face needs/wants of self and others are called

A) face need
B) face acceptance
C) face concern
D) facework

Question 5

Face is a metaphor developed by Goffman and Ho for examining

A) self-acceptance
B) self-image
C) self-esteem
D) self-concern

Question 6

Michele realizes that it is time to discuss the decline in production at the factory with her shift managers, Alice and James. She decides that the best way to approach the discussion is to emphasize the prior quality of work and to attempt to minimize the amount of blame for the decrease in numbers. Which type of facework is Michele using?

A) tact
B) solidarity
C) approbation
D) politeness

Question 7

Which approach to knowing characterizes the research undertaken using FNT?

A) phenomenological
B) positivistic/empirical
C) critical
D) interpretive/hermeneutic

Question 8

Which of the assumptions of Face-Negotiation Theory proposes that we hold a number of self-images about ourselves and that these identities are negotiated in interactions that link self to society?

A) Self-identity is important in interpersonal interactions, with individuals negotiating their identities differently across cultures.
B) The management of conflict is mediated by self and culture.
C) Certain acts threaten one's projected self-image.
D) Cultural variability can be used to explain cultural differences in behavior.

Question 9

Lilly knows that Shari did not do well on the exam she got back in class today, so Lilly avoids bringing it up at dinner. This effort to prevent the occurrence of events that may elicit vulnerability or damage one's self-esteem is called

A) face need
B) face saving
C) face restoration
D) face concern

Question 10

_________ face-threatening acts (FTAs) pose the most threat, while _________ FTAs pose the least threat.

A) Direct; indirect
B) Indirect; direct
C) Positive; negative
D) Negative; positive

Question 11

Face threat occurs when

A) excuses and justifications are made to cover one's actions
B) individuals present an image of who they are in interactions with others
C) efforts are made to prevent the occurrence of events that may elicit vulnerability
D) one's projected self-image is challenged

Question 12

All of the following are true statements about Ting-Toomey's findings from her comparisons of conflict styles across five cultures EXCEPT

A) Members of the U.S. culture use significantly more dominating styles of conflict management.
B) The Chinese use a higher degree of compromising than other cultures.
C) The Taiwanese report using significantly less integrating styles of conflict management than the other cultures.
D) The Chinese and Taiwanese use significantly more obliging conflict styles.

Question 13

Sanjay and Shari are having a conflict over which film to see this evening. Sanjay's usual strategy for managing conflict is to finally just go along with whatever Shari wants. This passive accommodation that tries to go along with what the other wants is called the _________ style.

A) avoiding
B) compromising
C) obliging
D) integrating

Question 14

Which type of facework employs communication that allows one the freedom to behave without imposing any type of restrictions? Receivers have free choice to make a decision for their own behaviors.

A) tact
B) solidarity
C) approbation
D) politeness

Question 15

Which of the conflict management styles reflects a high degree of concern for yourself and for others?

A) tact facework
B) compromising
C) integrating
D) approbation facework

Question 16

With which communication tradition is FNT most closely associated?

A) socio-psychological
B) phenomenological
C) socio-cultural
D) semiotic

Question 17

A culture that values personal achievement, one's own preferences, and initiative could be described as

A) individualistic
B) collectivistic
C) achievement-oriented
D) egocentric

Question 18

I in the obliging strategy of conflict management, interactants try to collaborate with others to find a solution to a problem in order to satisfy the expectations of all parties.

Question 19

Avoiding and obliging are both active in their attempts to manage conflict.

Question 20

The Chinese have been found to use compromising as a management style more than other cultural groups.

Question 21

Negative face refers to a desire to be autonomous and unconstrained.

Question 22

Solidarity facework allows others the freedom to behave according to their own will without imposing restrictions.

Question 23

When a culture values personal expression, independence, and privacy, the culture is collectivistic.

Question 24

Individuals in all cultures hold various self-images and continually negotiate these images.

Question 25

Ting-Toomey found that the Chinese use higher degrees of avoidance as a conflict style than other cultural groups investigated in her research.

Question 26

Some of Ting-Toomey's subsequent research has revealed some discrepancies in the theory.

Question 27

A single message can both support and threaten face needs simultaneously.

Question 28

Describe the three types of facework identified by Lim and Bowers (1991). Provide an example of how each could be used.

Question 29

Distinguish among the following concepts: face concern, face need, face-saving, and face restoration.

Question 30

Explain the difference between individualistic and collectivistic cultures. How does this classification of cultures impact the interpretation of face and face negotiation?

Question 31

Think of a recent face-threatening situation in which you were involved. Describe the situation, applying as many concepts from FNT as you can. Be sure it is clear how and why these concepts are illustrated in this situation

Question 32

List and explain the three assumptions of FNT, making sure to define related concepts along the way.