Question 1

A culture that values personal achievement, one's own preferences, and initiative could be described as

Accepted Answer

A)  individualistic 
B)  collectivistic 
C)  achievement-oriented 
D)  egocentric 
A)  individualistic 
B)  collectivistic 
C)  achievement-oriented 
D)  egocentric A

Question 2

The Chinese have been found to use compromising as a management style more than other cultural groups.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

List and explain the three assumptions of FNT, making sure to define related concepts along the way.

Accepted Answer

The three assumptions of FNT (Fiedler's Contingency Theory) are as follows:

1. Leadership style is fixed: FNT assumes that a leader's style is relatively fixed and difficult to change. This is based on the concept of LPC (Least Preferred Coworker) score, which measures a leader's orientation towards either task-oriented or relationship-oriented behavior. According to FNT, a leader's LPC score is relatively stable and determines their leadership style.

2. Situational favorableness: FNT assumes that the effectiveness of a leader is contingent upon the situational favorableness, which is determined by three factors: leader-member relations, task structure, and position power. Leader-member relations refer to the level of trust and respect between the leader and their team members. Task structure refers to the clarity and specificity of the tasks to be performed. Position power refers to the formal authority and influence a leader has over their team. FNT suggests that the effectiveness of a leader depends on how favorable these situational factors are.

3. Match between leadership style and situational favorableness: FNT assumes that the most effective leadership style depends on the situational favorableness. For example, in highly favorable situations, a task-oriented leadership style may be most effective, while in moderately favorable situations, a more balanced or flexible leadership style may be needed. FNT emphasizes the importance of matching the leader's style with the situational favorableness to achieve optimal performance.

In summary, FNT is based on the assumptions that leadership style is relatively fixed, the effectiveness of a leader depends on situational favorableness, and the match between leadership style and situational favorableness is crucial for achieving success.

Question 4

Think of a recent face-threatening situation in which you were involved. Describe the situation, applying as many concepts from FNT as you can. Be sure it is clear how and why these concepts are illustrated in this situation

Accepted Answer

Recently, I was involved in a face-threa

Question 5

A single message can both support and threaten face needs simultaneously.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which approach to knowing characterizes the research undertaken using FNT?

Accepted Answer

A)  phenomenological 
B)  positivistic/empirical 
C)  critical 
D)  interpretive/hermeneutic 
A)  phenomenological 
B)  positivistic/empirical 
C)  critical 
D)  interpretive/hermeneutic

Question 7

A person's interest in maintaining one's own face or the face of others is called

Accepted Answer

A)  face need 
B)  face acceptance 
C)  face concern 
D)  facework 
A)  face need 
B)  face acceptance 
C)  face concern 
D)  facework

Question 8

All of the following are true about Face-Negotiation Theory (FNT) EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  it combines the principles of intercultural communication, conflict, and politeness 
B)  the theory has been criticized for overlooking the impact of cultural differences in conflict management 
C)  the theory has been influenced by the work of Goffman and Ho 
D)  face is a central concept in the theory and is viewed as pervading all aspects of social life 
A)  it combines the principles of intercultural communication, conflict, and politeness 
B)  the theory has been criticized for overlooking the impact of cultural differences in conflict management 
C)  the theory has been influenced by the work of Goffman and Ho 
D)  face is a central concept in the theory and is viewed as pervading all aspects of social life

Question 9

Negative face refers to a desire to be autonomous and unconstrained.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Sometimes in conversation when we say something that embarrasses the other person, we try to change the subject in order to reduce potential face loss. Such actions that are taken to deal with the face needs/wants of self and others are called

Accepted Answer

A)  face need 
B)  face acceptance 
C)  face concern 
D)  facework 
A)  face need 
B)  face acceptance 
C)  face concern 
D)  facework

Question 11

Describe the three types of facework identified by Lim and Bowers (1991). Provide an example of how each could be used.

Accepted Answer

Lim and Bowers (1991) identified three t

Question 12

Negative face is associated with a desire for

Accepted Answer

A)  popularity 
B)  affiliation 
C)  autonomy 
D)  dominance 
A)  popularity 
B)  affiliation 
C)  autonomy 
D)  dominance

Question 13

Individuals in all cultures hold various self-images and continually negotiate these images.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Explain the difference between individualistic and collectivistic cultures. How does this classification of cultures impact the interpretation of face and face negotiation?

Accepted Answer

Individualistic cultures are those that

Question 15

Which type of facework employs communication that allows one the freedom to behave without imposing any type of restrictions? Receivers have free choice to make a decision for their own behaviors.

Accepted Answer

A)  tact 
B)  solidarity 
C)  approbation 
D)  politeness 
A)  tact 
B)  solidarity 
C)  approbation 
D)  politeness

Question 16

All of the following are true statements about Ting-Toomey's findings from her comparisons of conflict styles across five cultures EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  Members of the U.S. culture use significantly more dominating styles of conflict management. 
B)  The Chinese use a higher degree of compromising than other cultures. 
C)  The Taiwanese report using significantly less integrating styles of conflict management than the other cultures. 
D)  The Chinese and Taiwanese use significantly more obliging conflict styles. 
A)  Members of the U.S. culture use significantly more dominating styles of conflict management. 
B)  The Chinese use a higher degree of compromising than other cultures. 
C)  The Taiwanese report using significantly less integrating styles of conflict management than the other cultures. 
D)  The Chinese and Taiwanese use significantly more obliging conflict styles.

Question 17

Face is a metaphor developed by Goffman and Ho for examining

Accepted Answer

A)  self-acceptance 
B)  self-image 
C)  self-esteem 
D)  self-concern 
A)  self-acceptance 
B)  self-image 
C)  self-esteem 
D)  self-concern

Question 18

I in the obliging strategy of conflict management, interactants try to collaborate with others to find a solution to a problem in order to satisfy the expectations of all parties.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

With which communication tradition is FNT most closely associated?

Accepted Answer

A)  socio-psychological 
B)  phenomenological 
C)  socio-cultural 
D)  semiotic 
A)  socio-psychological 
B)  phenomenological 
C)  socio-cultural 
D)  semiotic

Question 20

Avoiding and obliging are both active in their attempts to manage conflict.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 27: Face-Negotiation Theory

A culture that values personal achievement, one's own preferences, and initiative could be described as

The Chinese have been found to use compromising as a management style more than other cultural groups.

List and explain the three assumptions of FNT, making sure to define related concepts along the way.

Think of a recent face-threatening situation in which you were involved. Describe the situation, applying as many concepts from FNT as you can. Be sure it is clear how and why these concepts are illustrated in this situation

A single message can both support and threaten face needs simultaneously.

Which approach to knowing characterizes the research undertaken using FNT?

A person's interest in maintaining one's own face or the face of others is called

All of the following are true about Face-Negotiation Theory (FNT) EXCEPT

Negative face refers to a desire to be autonomous and unconstrained.

Sometimes in conversation when we say something that embarrasses the other person, we try to change the subject in order to reduce potential face loss. Such actions that are taken to deal with the face needs/wants of self and others are called

Describe the three types of facework identified by Lim and Bowers (1991). Provide an example of how each could be used.

Negative face is associated with a desire for

Individuals in all cultures hold various self-images and continually negotiate these images.

Explain the difference between individualistic and collectivistic cultures. How does this classification of cultures impact the interpretation of face and face negotiation?

Which type of facework employs communication that allows one the freedom to behave without imposing any type of restrictions? Receivers have free choice to make a decision for their own behaviors.

All of the following are true statements about Ting-Toomey's findings from her comparisons of conflict styles across five cultures EXCEPT

Face is a metaphor developed by Goffman and Ho for examining

I in the obliging strategy of conflict management, interactants try to collaborate with others to find a solution to a problem in order to satisfy the expectations of all parties.

With which communication tradition is FNT most closely associated?

Avoiding and obliging are both active in their attempts to manage conflict.

Thinking About Communication: Definitions, Models, and Ethics

Thinking About the Field: Traditions and Contexts

Thinking About Theory and Research

Symbolic Interaction Theory

Coordinated Management of Meaning

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

Expectancy Violations Theory

Uncertainty Reduction Theory

Social Exchange Theory

Social Penetration Theory

Relational Dialectics Theory

Communication Privacy Management Theory

Social Information Processing

Groupthink

Structuration Theory

Organizational Culture Theory

Organizational Information Theory

The Rhetoric

Dramatism

The Narrative Paradigm

Agenda Setting Theory

Spiral of Silence Theory

Uses and Gratifications Theory

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Muted Group Theory

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