Deck 4: Motivation at Work

Question 1

Motivation can be defined as "the processes that account for an individual's intensity, ______, and_______ of effort toward attaining a goal".

A)emotion and direction
B)direction and persistence
C)persistence and quality
D)reward and direction

Answer 1

direction and persistence

Question 2

____ theory states that individual needs can be represented on a hierarchy.

A)Maslow's
B)McClelland's
C)FIRO
D)ERG

Answer 2

Maslow's

Question 3

____ is an example from Alderfer's ERG theory.

A)Social needs
B)Growth needs
C)Esteem needs
D)Reward needs

Answer 3

Growth needs

Question 4

According to Herzberg's theory, ____ is an example of a motivator.

A)growth
B)pay
C)promotion
D)conditions

Question 5

Hygiene factors in Herzberg's theory:

A)Cause dissatisfaction
B)Cause an increase in job performance
C)Cause satisfaction
D)Have few consequences

Question 6

How many trait-like inner needs are there in McClelland's theory of motivation?

A)1
B)5
C)6
D)3

Question 7

The need to develop close and meaningful interpersonal relationships, is the definition of whichneed in McClelland's theory?

A)Need for Affiliation
B)Need for Social
C)Need for Acceptance
D)Need for Friends

Question 8

In expectancy theory "The perceived probability that effective performance will result in thedesired outcome" is a definition of which factor?

A)Valence
B)Instrumentality
C)Expectancy
D)Effort

Question 9

In expectancy theory, the factor that represents the value that people attach to certain outcomes is:

A)Valence
B)Instrumentality
C)Expectancy
D)None of the above

Question 10

An employee is set a task that is challenging, yet achievable, and is specifically told what isexpected from them. This represents an intervention that draws on:

A)Intrinsic motivation theory
B)The Pygmalion effect
C)Goal-setting theory
D)Need theory

Question 11

Goal-setting theory is linked to motivation because:

A)It directs attention and effort.
B)It energizes behaviour.
C)It induces persistence and prolonged effort.
D)All of the above.

Question 12

Empirical studies have shown the goal-setting-performance relationship to be moderated by:

A)The person who sets the goal.
B)Task complexity.
C)Timescale.
D)The person who is set the goal.

Question 13

An employee strives to meet certain performance benchmarks, avoiding activities or strategies inwhich they might be seen as unsuccessful. Which type of goal orientation have they adopted?

A)Performance goal orientation
B)Self-actualization goal orientation
C)Learning goal orientation
D)Social goal orientation

Question 14

A recent representation of the findings of research on goal-setting is called:

A)The learning and development cycle
B)The problem-solving cycle
C)The high performance cycle
D)The continual performance cycle

Question 15

In equity theory, if someone was under-rewarded then they will ________ to restore equity.

A)increase their inputs
B)stay the same
C)decrease their inputs
D)ask for more pay

Question 16

Which of the following are potential reactions to injustice in the workplace?

A)Exit
B)Voice
C)Loyalty
D)All of the above

Question 17

Which of the following hypothesizes that a standard set of features should be built into jobs inorder to make them rewarding and motivating?

A)Job characteristics model
B)ERG theory
C)Expectancy theory
D)Equity theory

Question 18

In their model, Hackman and Oldham identify ___ job characteristics that promote positivepsychological states.

A)four
B)eight
C)five
D)seven

Question 19

"The extent to which a job allows people to complete a whole, identifiable piece of work, theoutcome of which they can perceive" is the definition of which job characteristic?

A)Skill variety
B)Task significance
C)Task identity
D)Skill significance

Question 20

A psychological state by which a person feels that their work matters to someone is:

A)Meaningfulness
B)Existentialism
C)Value
D)Social contribution

Question 21

In this chapter which of the following are stated as a strategy to motivate people at work?

A)Give people feedback.
B)Give orders.
C)Set general goals.
D)Make rewards difficult to attain.

Question 22

Improving motivation of employees is best served by:

A)Applying theory that is well known.
B)Applying theory that has a sound scientific underpinning.
C)Treating everyone in the same way.
D)Choosing any theory in the chapter and applying it.

Question 23

One way to foster a sense of personal responsibility at work is to give greater:

A)Monetary reward
B)Autonomy
C)Task difficulty
D)Recognition