Deck 13: C: Health,stress,and Coping

Question 1

Daily annoyances that are closely linked to immediate health and psychological well-being are referred to as

A) macrostressors.
B) conflicts.
C) microstressors.
D) burnouts.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Marian's day never seems to end.She has to deal with carpooling,traffic delays,finding a parking place at her job,working through lunch,and then coming home to cook,clean,and help with homework.Marian has stated a number of

A) conflicts.
B) hassles.
C) regressions.
D) burnouts.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

In adapting to a new culture,the pattern that involves adopting the new culture as your own and having frequent contact with its members is known as

A) assimilation.
B) marginalization.
C) integration.
D) separation.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Too many things to do,not enough money for housing,fear of losing valuables,and parents' expectations are faced by almost every college student and are common examples of

A) burnouts.
B) conflicts.
C) hassles.
D) major life changes.

Question 5

Regarding microstressors and major life events,which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) Microstressors affect immediate, day-to-day emotional and physical health.
B) Ongoing stresses at work or at home almost always involve or precipitate major life changes.
C) The chief impact of microstressors is on long-term physical health, two years into the future.
D) Microstressors are widely regarded as insignificant factors in determining one's physical and psychological health.

Question 6

Small,irritating and frustrating events faced in daily life are referred to as

A) regressions.
B) conflicts.
C) hassles.
D) burnouts.

Question 7

In adapting to a new culture,the pattern that involves maintaining one's old cultural identity,but participating in the new culture is known as

A) assimilation.
B) marginalization.
C) integration.
D) separation.

Question 8

Regarding acculturative stress,which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) Acculturative stress occurs during times of traumatic stress.
B) Acculturative stress occurs when a person experiences burnout in their job.
C) Acculturative stress is a period of culture shock caused by adapting to a foreign culture.
D) Acculturative stress is the cause of many hypochondrial disorders.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT one of the four main patterns of adaptation to a new culture?

A) assimilation
B) marginalization
C) immersion
D) separation

Question 10

Regarding daily hassles and major life events,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Daily hassles were better predictors of day-to-day health than major life events.
B) Daily hassles are better predictors of long-term health than major life events.
C) Daily hassles are also called microstressors.
D) Major life events spawn countless daily frustrations and irritants.

Question 11

Hassles are

A) the distressing daily annoyances one faces.
B) less effective measures of stress than life change units (LCUs) among students.
C) shown to be highly related to long-term health concerns and changes.
D) all of these.

Question 12

Immigrants and refugees must adapt to dramatic changes in language,dress,values,and social customs.For many,the result is a period of culture shock,or

A) cultural hypochondriasis.
B) acculturative stress.
C) learned helplessness.
D) psychosomatic neurosis.

Question 13

Frequently experiencing a traffic jam on the expressway on your way to work would be an example of

A) a hassle.
B) a personal frustration.
C) a major life change.
D) burnout.

Question 14

In a classic experiment in which people were deliberately exposed to the virus that caused common colds,people who had a high stress score on the SRRS

A) were less likely to get a cold.
B) were more likely to get a cold.
C) had a stronger immune system and were able to get over the biologically-caused cold quicker than those with a low score.
D) were no more likely to catch a cold than people who had a low stress scores on the SSRS.

Question 15

In a classic experiment in which people were deliberately exposed to the virus that caused common colds,people who exhibited which of the following were much more likely to actually get a cold?

A) high stress score on the SRRS.
B) low stress score on the SRRS.
C) extroverted personality as measured by the MMPI-2.
D) introverted personality as measured by the MMPI-2.

Question 16

The best predictor of long-term health one to two years in the future would be

A) major life events.
B) frequent and severe hassles.
C) the number of challenges in one's life.
D) the balance of stressful and nonstressful periods of time.

Question 17

In adapting to a new culture,the pattern that involves rejecting your old culture but suffering rejection by members of the new culture is known as

A) assimilation.
B) marginalization.
C) integration.
D) separation.

Question 18

Examples of common hassles faced by college students include which of the following?

A) people making gender jokes
B) fear of losing valuables
C) too many things to do
D) all of these

Question 19

In adapting to a new culture,the pattern that involves maintaining one's old cultural identity and avoiding contact with the new culture is known as

A) assimilation.
B) marginalization.
C) integration.
D) separation.

Question 20

The best predictor of day-to-day health are

A) major life events.
B) frequent and severe hassles.
C) the number of challenges in one's life.
D) the balance of stressful and nonstressful periods of time.

Question 21

Janine has been experiencing severe headaches and neckaches,fatigue,and insomnia ever since she was promoted to a job that entails more responsibility.If Janine goes to a doctor,the doctor will most likely tell her

A) that she has a psychosomatic illness.
B) that her symptoms are all imaginary.
C) that she is becoming a hypochondriac.
D) all of these.

Question 22

For serious problems related to stress,you should

A) go to a medical doctor and get a prescription for tranquilizers.
B) throw yourself into work and keep very busy.
C) pretend like you are really not stressed and this will change your attitude.
D) learn stress management techniques directly from a therapist or stress clinic.

Question 23

After coming to the U.S.,Ling-Chen learned English quickly and totally immersed herself in the American life.She prefers to be with her new American friends and is annoyed by her parents' continued ties to their native culture.Ling-Chen's pattern of acculturation would be classified as

A) integration.
B) separation.
C) assimilation.
D) marginalization.

Question 24

Illness in which actual physical damage results from emotional reactions to stress is known as

A) a somatoform disorder.
B) hypochondrias.
C) a physio-disturbance.
D) a psychosomatic disorder.

Question 25

High stress is associated with which patterns of adapting to a new culture?

A) integration and separation
B) separation and marginalization
C) assimilation and integration
D) assimilation and marginalization

Question 26

Minimal stress is associated with which pattern of adapting to a new culture?

A) integration
B) separation
C) assimilation
D) marginalization

Question 27

Regarding acculturative stress,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Typical reactions to acculturative stress are anxiety, hostility, and depression.
B) Acculturative stress can result in identity confusion.
C) The separation pattern of acculturation usually produces the least amount of stress.
D) People who assimilate usually experience fewer social difficulties than the other patterns.

Question 28

Regarding acculturative stress,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) For many young immigrants, acculturative stress is a major source of mental health problems.
B) Acculturative stress can result in identity confusion.
C) The pattern of integration produces the highest level of acculturative stress among the four patterns.
D) One of the best antidotes for acculturative stress is a society that tolerates or even celebrates ethnic diversity.

Question 29

Many psychosomatic problems are the result of

A) prolonged stress.
B) imagination.
C) sleep deprivation.
D) a nutritional deficiency.

Question 30

The use of marginalization or separation in adapting to a new culture usually produces __________ stress.

A) high
B) moderate
C) low
D) very low to nonexistent amounts of

Question 31

After coming to the U.S.,Asma learned English quickly and wanted to completely immerse herself in the American culture; however,her classmates tend to reject her because of her accent and their prejudice toward her country of origin.She feels trapped between her two cultures.Asma's pattern of acculturation would be classified as

A) integration.
B) separation.
C) assimilation.
D) marginalization.

Question 32

When stress causes physical damage to the body in the form of stomach pain,asthma,migraine headaches,hives,or hypertension,the person is experiencing

A) a psychosomatic disorder.
B) hypochondriasis.
C) a conversion disorder.
D) a somatoform disorder.

Question 33

Psychosomatic disorders are those in which

A) symptoms are imaginary.
B) individuals have physiological symptoms, but no underlying physiological cause.
C) symptoms are especially vague and diffuse.
D) physiological damage is caused by psychological stress.

Question 34

When you are feeling excessively hassled from the ordinary stresses of life,it is a good idea to

A) drink moderate amounts of alcohol or get a prescription for tranquilizers.
B) throw yourself into work and keep very busy.
C) pretend like you are really not stressed.
D) use stress management techniques.

Question 35

After coming to the U.S.,Jorge learned English and became involved with American life,while still maintaining ties and friendships with his friends and relatives,who had also immigrated from Mexico.Jorge's pattern of acculturation would be classified as

A) integration.
B) separation.
C) assimilation.
D) marginalization.

Question 36

After coming to the U.S.,Marta continued to speak only Portuguese and only interacted with others who had also immigrated from Brazil.She remains almost completely separate form American society.Marta's pattern of acculturation would be classified as

A) integration.
B) separation.
C) assimilation.
D) marginalization.

Question 37

Fiona has been experiencing a great deal of stress at her job.She is experiencing neckaches,headaches,indigestion,and insomnia.When she goes to her doctor,she finds that her blood pressure is also elevated.Fiona has

A) hypochondrias.
B) a conversion disorder.
C) a somatoform disorder.
D) a psychosomatic disorder.

Question 38

When one uses the pattern of integration in adapting to a new culture,he or she can expect to experience

A) high stress.
B) moderate stress but with extreme social difficulties.
C) moderate stress but with fewer social difficulties.
D) minimal stress.

Question 39

When one uses the pattern of assimilation in adapting to a new culture,he or she can expect to experience

A) higher amounts of stress.
B) moderate stress but with extreme social difficulties.
C) moderate stress but with fewer social difficulties.
D) minimal amounts of stress

Question 40

Which pattern of adapting to a new culture is associated with moderate stress but fewer social difficulties?

A) integration
B) separation
C) assimilation
D) marginalization

Question 41

Many lesser health complaints can also be psychosomatic.They include which of the following?

A) fatigue
B) premenstrual problems
C) sexual dysfunctions
D) all of these

Question 42

The use of feedback or knowledge of results to bring about voluntary control of involuntary behaviors describes the use of

A) bioenergetics.
B) bioencephalography.
C) biomeditation.
D) biofeedback.

Question 43

Regarding psychosomatic illness,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Severe psychosomatic disorders can be fatal.
B) Psychosomatic problems are the same as hypochondriasis.
C) Psychosomatic disorders are caused by prolonged stress reactions.
D) Biofeedback can be helpful in alleviating some psychosomatic illnesses.

Question 44

Gastrointestinal problems,such as stomach pain,and respiratory problems,such as asthma are the most common __________ disorders.

A) hypochondria
B) conversion
C) psychosomatic
D) somatoform

Question 45

Gordon has been feeling fatigued at work and has been experiencing more backaches and neckaches.He goes to his doctor,hoping she can diagnose his condition and prescribe some medicine that will alleviate his problems.Gordon's view of health fits the

A) hypochondriac perspective.
B) mind-body perspective.
C) medical model.
D) biopsychosocial model.

Question 46

Which of the following involves the person receiving information about his or her ongoing bodily activities,which aids the person in voluntarily regulating these bodily activities?

A) biocognition
B) bioencephalography
C) biomeditation
D) biofeedback

Question 47

When you are sick,the problem is physical and requires a physical treatment,such as taking medicine,according to the

A) psychosomatic perspective.
B) mind-body perspective.
C) medical model.
D) biopsychosocial model.

Question 48

Which perspective views diseases as being caused by a combination of several different factors and involves the person who is sick playing a role in fostering his or her own health rather than passively getting treatments from a doctor?

A) psychosomatic perspective
B) mind-body perspective
C) medical model
D) biopsychosocial model

Question 49

Hypochondriacs suffer from

A) overactive endocrine glands.
B) feelings of inferiority.
C) imaginary diseases.
D) stress-induced diseases.

Question 50

People who suffer from imaginary diseases or illnesses have

A) psychotic disorders.
B) psychosomatic illnesses.
C) hypochondriasis.
D) a generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 51

Garrett has been feeling fatigued at work and has been experiencing more backaches and neckaches.Garrett believes that he must actively change aspects of his environment that contribute to his stress,such as utilizing stress-management techniques,getting more sleep,exercising more,and improving his diet.Garrett's view of health fits the

A) hypochondriac perspective.
B) mind-body perspective.
C) medical model.
D) biopsychosocial model.

Question 52

Which perspective has dominated Western thinking and sees health as the absence of illness with damage to the body being inflicted by poor lifestyle choices,such as smoking or overeating,or by external causes,such as viruses?

A) the psychosomatic perspective
B) the mind-body perspective
C) the medical model
D) the biopsychosocial model

Question 53

Which perspective defines health as a state of well-being that we can actively attain and maintain?

A) the psychosomatic perspective
B) the mind-body perspective
C) the medical model
D) the biopsychosocial model

Question 54

The most common types of psychosomatic problems are gastrointestinal and

A) circulatory.
B) genital.
C) respiratory.
D) neurological.

Question 55

Any impact of the mind on health was dismissed as a mere placebo effect by the

A) psychosomatic perspective.
B) medical model.
C) mind-body perspective.
D) biopsychosocial model.

Question 56

Sore muscles,headaches,indigestion,fatigue,and sexual dysfunctions are several complaints that can be psychosomatic and,thus,are most likely to be the result of the person's

A) lateralization.
B) nutritional deficiencies.
C) prolonged stress.
D) imagination.

Question 57

The control of involuntary functions like heart rate and blood pressure is

A) generally impossible for humans.
B) possible only through surgically implanted technology.
C) possible only through dedication to Yoga and Zen.
D) possible through the use of biofeedback.

Question 58

People can learn to regulate bodily states that were once thought to be involuntary by applying information about the body that is given to the person.This informational process is known as

A) bioerganomics.
B) biofeedback.
C) neuropacing.
D) biotomography.

Question 59

Regarding psychosomatic illnesses,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Severe psychosomatic disorders can be fatal.
B) The most common psychosomatic illnesses are hypertension and skin rashes, such as hives.
C) Typical psychosomatic illnesses include asthma, migraine headaches, and rheumatoid arthritis.
D) At least half of all patients who see a doctor have a psychosomatic disorder or an illness that is complicated by psychosomatic symptoms.

Question 60

You have gone to your medical doctor because of a terrible backache,and he prescribes medicine but informs you of stretching exercises to perform and ways that you can relieve stress on your job.Your doctor believes that the medicine will work best and healing will be faster if he can help you make sense of your medical condition.Thus,your doctor follows the

A) hypochondriac perspective.
B) mind-body perspective.
C) medical model.
D) biopsychosocial model.

Question 61

Characteristic traits of Type A people include

A) worry, accompanied by decreased activity and exercise.
B) a tendency to be mobile, inconsistent, and desirous of change.
C) poor attention span and forgetfulness.
D) a sense of time urgency and chronic anger.

Question 62

In biofeedback training,information is provided to the subject by

A) converting bodily responses to some sort of signal.
B) directing conscious attention to one's subjective sensations and brain waves.
C) using videotapes of skilled movements.
D) the use of concentrative meditation.

Question 63

Which of the following first classified people as Type A and Type B personalities?

A) Holmes and Rahe
B) Friedman and Rosenman
C) Dollard and Miller
D) Beck and Greenberg

Question 64

Regarding psychosomatic illness,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Stress is the sole cause of psychosomatic illnesses.
B) Personality and learned reactions to stress are involved in the development of psychosomatic illnesses.
C) Genetic predisposition and organ weaknesses contribute to the development of psychosomatic illnesses.
D) A general disease-prone personality type exists; and to a degree, there are also "headache personalities," "asthma personalities," and "cardiac personalities."

Question 65

Which of the following would you recommend to an individual who would like to learn to lower his or her high blood pressure?

A) alpha brainwave control
B) computer assisted instruction
C) "mental practice"
D) biofeedback

Question 66

The beneficial effects of biofeedback in the treatment of psychosomatic disorders may be the result of

A) a dramatic placebo effect.
B) generalized relaxation.
C) stimulation of the central nervous system.
D) increased blood flow to the head.

Question 67

Regarding biofeedback,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Biofeedback has been successful because it creates a dramatic placebo effect in the person utilizing it.
B) Some researchers believe that biofeedback simply acts as a "mirror" to help a person perform tasks involving self-regulation.
C) Biofeedback has been used with some success to control epileptic seizures and hyperactivity in children.
D) Many of biofeedback's benefits arise from general relaxation.

Question 68

In the classification system of Friedman and Rosenman,Type A personalities run a greater risk of

A) hypochondriasis.
B) cancer.
C) heart attacks.
D) mental illness.

Question 69

Jen talks,walks,and eats rapidly.She often agrees to do more things than she has time for because she believes that with enough effort she can overcome any obstacle.Jen would probably be classified as

A) a Type A personality.
B) a Type B personality.
C) a low sensation seeker.
D) experiencing a life crisis.

Question 70

As a Type A personality,Peter would be unusually prone to

A) approach-avoidance conflicts.
B) hypochondriasis.
C) acculturative stress.
D) a psychosomatic disorder, such as heart disease.

Question 71

According to Friedman and Rosenman,which of the following believe that with enough effort they can overcome any obstacle,and they "push" themselves accordingly?

A) Type A personalities
B) Type B personalities
C) individuals with acculturative stress
D) individuals with hypochondria

Question 72

According to Friedman and Rosenman,which of the following tend to be hard driving,ambitious,highly competitive,achievement-oriented,and striving?

A) Type A personalities
B) Type B personalities
C) individuals with acculturative stress
D) individuals with hypochondria

Question 73

Aaron seems to chafe at the normal pace of events and hurries from one activity to another,racing the clock in self-imposed urgency.Aaron is most likely a

A) Type A personality.
B) Type B personality.
C) disease-prone personality.
D) hypochondriac.

Question 74

Sensors are taped to patients' hands and foreheads with the patients learning to redirect blood flow away from the head to their extremities in a biofeedback technique that has been shown to

A) alleviate insomnia.
B) reduce the frequency of migraine headaches.
C) reduce hyperactivity in children.
D) lower blood pressure and control one's heart rhythm.

Question 75

The beneficial effects of biofeedback in the treatment of psychosomatic disorders occurs because the biofeedback

A) prevents stereotyped responding.
B) acts as a "mirror," promoting self-regulation.
C) activates the medical model effect.
D) increases blood flow to the brain.

Question 76

Friedman and Rosenman referred to those people who were unlikely to have a heart attack as

A) Type A personalities.
B) Type B personalities.
C) individuals with a psychosomatic illness.
D) individuals with hypochondria.

Question 77

Biofeedback has shown success with all of the following EXCEPT

A) in relieving chronic pain.
B) in lowering blood pressure.
C) with insomnia.
D) with sleep apnea.

Question 78

A biofeedback technique for the prevention of migraine headaches would most likely focus on control of

A) alpha waves.
B) the heart rate.
C) muscular tension.
D) blood flow.

Question 79

Biofeedback has shown some success with all of the following EXCEPT for

A) controlling narcolepsy.
B) lowering blood pressure and controlling heart rhythms.
C) controlling hyperactivity in children.
D) controlling epileptic seizures.

Question 80

In their eight-year study,Friedman and Rosenman found twice the rate of heart disease in

A) hypochondriacs.
B) persons with conversion disorders.
C) Type A personalities.
D) Type B personalities.