Deck 2: Organization and Administration Principles and Practices

Question 1

_______________ developed the "managerial grid," which emphasized two concerns-for tasks and for people-that managers must have.

A) Abraham Maslow
B) Jane Mouton
C) Robert Blake
D) Douglas McGregor
E) Both B and C

Answer 1

D

Question 2

_______________ developed the general theory of human motivation.

A) Abraham Maslow
B) Peter Drucker
C) Robert Blake
D) Douglas McGregor
E) None of the above

Answer 2

D

Question 3

An effort to determine the fit between the organization's characteristics and its tasks and the motivations of individuals is referred to as the ____________ theory.

A) actualization
B) contingency
C) expectancy
D) X and Y
E) None of the above

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Maslow believed that people's basic and primary needs or drives are physiological (survival),safety or security,social,ego (self-esteem),and _________________.

A) actualization
B) dreams
C) sympathy
D) apathy
E) None of the above

Question 5

Beginning in the 1930s,people began to realize the negative effects of some management systems on the worker.A view which arose in policing that management should instill pride and dignity in officers is known as:

A) scientific management.
B) systems management.
C) human relations management.
D) management by objectives.
E) None of the above

Question 6

Formal organizations have been identified by asking the question, "Who benefits?" Which of the following are considered to be formal organizations?

A) Mutual benefit associations
B) Business concerns
C) Service organizations
D) Commonweal
E) All are classified as formal organizations.

Question 7

________ ________,who first emphasized time and motion studies,is known today as the father of scientific management.

A) Max Weber
B) Peter Drucker
C) Ronald Lynch
D) Frederick W. Taylor

Question 8

Definitions of leadership include the following statement:

A) "The process of advancing the recognition of the group's leader(s)"
B) "Working with and through individuals and groups to accomplish organizational goals"
C) "The activity of influencing individuals to adopt the leader's viewpoint"
D) "The exercise of complete control over the group"

Question 9

An early school of management theory that is concerned primarily with the efficiency and output of the individual worker.

A) Human relations management
B) Scientific management
C) Management by objectives
D) Systems management

Question 10

An organization's committing such resources as funds,personnel/labor,and equipment toward accomplishing a goal or mission.

A) Planning
B) Reorganization
C) Inputs
D) Outputs

Question 11

Features of the human relations and scientific management approaches were combined in the ________________approach.

A) directing management
B) planning management
C) procurement management
D) systems management

Question 12

_______________ developed a hierarchy of needs.

A) Abraham Maslow
B) Peter Drucker
C) Robert Blake
D) Douglas McGregor
E) None of the above

Question 13

____________ precipitates the need for more personnel,greater division of labor,specialization,written rules,and other such elements.

A) Planning
B) Growth
C) Engineering
D) Reduction in force
E) None of the above

Question 14

Several elements compose the communication process; which of the following is not one of them?

A) Transmission
B) Encoding
C) Reception
D) Telepathy
E) All the above are elements of the communication process.

Question 15

The theory of POSDCORB,an acronym for:

A) Planning, organizing, staffing, detection, coordinating, reporting, and budgeting
B) Planning, organizing, staffing, directing, coordinating, reporting, and budgeting
C) Planning, organizing, staffing, directing, contrasting, requesting, and budgeting
D) Planning, observing, staffing, directing, coordinating, reporting, and budgeting

Question 16

An organization's desired outcome,goods,or services.

A) Planning
B) Reorganization
C) Inputs
D) Outputs

Question 17

The idea of a pure bureaucracy was developed by_____________,the "father of sociology."

A) Abraham Maslow
B) Jane Mouton
C) Max Weber
D) Douglas McGregor

Question 18

In building the organizational structure,which of the following principles would not be considered?

A) Principle of the objective
B) Principle of responsibility
C) Principle of span of control
D) Principle of less authority
E) None of the above.

Question 19

Max Weber argued that if a bureaucratic structure is to function efficiently,it must have the following elements,except:

A) rulification and routinization.
B) division of labor.
C) experimentation.
D) hierarchy of authority.
E) All are necessary elements.

Question 20

__________ refers to the fact that organizations are composed of people who interact with one another and with people in other organizations.

A) Open entity
B) Working entity
C) Social entity
D) Closed entity

Question 21

The theory that contends that good leaders possessed certain character traits that poor leaders typically did not is the trait theory.

Question 22

The tendency for organizations to promulgate written rules,policies,and procedures has been caused by three contemporary developments that include all except:

A) administrative due process.
B) civil liability.
C) rights to flexible hours.
D) labor contracts.
E) None of the above

Question 23

The theory of POSDCORB was emphasized in police management for many years where the needs of workers were adequately addressed.

Question 24

The autocratic style is worker centered,is primarily democratic in nature,and prefers group participation.

Question 25

Social entity is a concept that alludes to the organization's goals and the public served.

Question 26

The unity of command is the principle holding that only one person should be in command or control of a situation or an employee.

Question 27

Weber's ideal bureaucracy,however,as described earlier,was designed to eliminate ___________and __________ in organizations.

Question 28

The history of management can be divided into three approaches and time periods: (1)Scientific management (1900-1940),(2)Human relations management (1930-1970),and (3)Direct access management (1965-present).

Question 29

Upward communication in a criminal justice organization is the easiest form of communication as there are fewer barriers than downward communication.

Question 30

According to Robert Katz,there are three essential skills that leaders should possess: technical,human,and conceptual.

Question 31

In preparing for the workforce of the future,it is important that administrators be prepared for the demographic of workers referred to as Generation X,or Gen Xers (those born between 1945 and 1964).

Question 32

Studies that led to the theory known as the Hawthorne effect found that worker productivity is more closely related to social capacity than to physical capacity.Non-economic rewards play a prominent part in motivating and satisfying employees.

Question 33

The Gen Y police officer or prison correction officer should be trained to fit the traditional,"correct" attitude and ways of behaving at the worksite.There is no need for administrators to make training interactive and entertaining.

Question 34

To convey an experience or idea,we translate,or ___________,that experience into symbols.We use words or other verbal behaviors or nonverbal behaviors such as gestures to convey the experience or idea.

Question 35

Early management studies,beginning in the 1920s,indicated that the supervisor who was "employee centered" was more effective than one who was "production centered."

Question 36

Four different types of formal organizations have been identified by asking the question:
"Who is in charge?"

Question 37

Trait theory has lost much of its support since the 1950s,primarily because of the development and growth of new,more sophisticated approaches to the study of leadership.

Question 38

Communication within a criminal justice organization may be only downward or upward,due to its organizational structure.

Question 39

The number of subordinates a chief executive,manager,or supervisor in a criminal justice organization can effectively supervise is known as _________ ___ ____________.
.

Question 40

Three principles of leadership behavior emerged from the Michigan study.These principles included: (1)Employees need some area of freedom to make choices,(2)Leaders should not give task directions to their followers as the workers should be independent,and (3)Leaders must be employee oriented.

Question 41

___________ __________is preferred as a medium for dealing with citizens or groups outside the criminal justice agency.This means of communication provides the greatest protection against the growing number of legal actions taken against agencies by activists,citizens,and interest groups.

Question 42

List and describe the three essential skills that leaders should possess according to Robert Katz.

Question 43

The____________ theory sought to determine the fit between the organization's characteristics and its tasks and the motivations of individuals.

Question 44

Explain the concepts of unity of command and span of control as they relate to a law enforcement agency.

Question 45

Explain Herzberg's Motivation-Hygiene Theory in which two vital factors found in all jobs were isolated.

Question 46

In a __________ ________ culture,communication and collaboration are promoted so that everyone is engaged in identifying and solving problems.

Question 47

What are some proactive measures that the current justice system can take to effectively manage communication and adapt their views and organizational cultures to meet the new employees of the future?

Question 48

The __________ theory contends if an employee believes that his or her efforts will result in a certain level of performance leading to a desired reward,then that employee will likely take action accordingly.

Question 49

List and describe the six elements of communication discussed in Chapter Two.

Question 50

Generation Y will probably be more ______________and the most ___________literate workers ever to hit the job market.

Question 51

Develop a motivational theory of your own.Explain how you would motivate workers differently than the theories stated in Chapter Two.

Question 52

A hands-off approach to leadership,in which the organization essentially runs itself,is known as a(n)____________ leader.

Question 53

The structuring of an organization so as to function efficiently,which includes rules,division of labor,hierarchy of authority,and expertise among its members,is referred to as a(n)__________.

Question 54

Explain the essential findings of the Hawthorne studies and how these findings affected previous traditional organizational theory.