Deck 2: The Nature and Extent of Crime

Question 1

Which type of study provides information on the personal characteristics of offenders, such astheir attitudes, values, beliefs, and psychological profiles

A)NIBRS
B)UCR
C)Self-report studies
D)Victimization surveys

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which region of the United States has the highest rates of property crimes and violent crimes

A)Northeast
B)Midwest
C)South
D)Northwest

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following is considered official crime data collected by the FBI

A)National Crime Victimization Survey
B)Self-report surveys
C)Uniform Crime Report
D)Bureau of Justice Statistics

Answer 3

C

Question 4

What is the name of the effect stating that the values held by the baby boomers will influencethe behavior of all citizens, even crime-prone teens

A)Apathy
B)Contagion
C)Permissiveness
D)Relativity

Question 5

In which season do the greatest numbers of reported crimes occur

A)Summer
B)Fall
C)Spring
D)Winter

Question 6

The peak age for property crime is 16; and the peak age for violent crime is:

A)16.
B)18.
C)21.
D)25.

Question 7

Which statement regarding the relationship between age and crime is true

A)Elderly males are predominantly arrested for alcohol-related matters such as publicdrunkenness and drunk driving.
B)There is no relationship between age and crime.
C)Age is positively related to criminality.
D)The elderly make up less than 1% of all arrestees.

Question 8

Which crime listed below is not reported in Part I or Part II of the offense section of theUCR

A)Drug offenses
B)Traffic violations
C)Liquor law violations
D)Sex offenses

Question 9

Which of the following is not an explanation regarding gender differences in the crime rate

A)Males are stronger and better able to commit violence.
B)Hormones make men more aggressive.
C)Girls are socialized to be less aggressive.
D)Girls are granted greater personal freedom.

Question 10

Since 1995, the number of arrests for prostitution has:

A)Increased significantly.
B)Decreased.
C)Remained stable.
D)Increased slightly.

Question 11

Spree killers:

A)Are motivated by the quest for drug profits and street power.
B)Kill many victims in a single violent outburst.
C)Spread their murderous outburst over a few days or weeks.
D)Kill over a long period of time but typically assume a "normal" identity between murders.

Question 12

One of the most important sources of self-report data is the _____ study, conducted annuallyusing approximately 2,500 high school seniors.

A)Monitoring the Future
B)Juvenile Arrest
C)National Center for Information about Crime
D)Juvenile Social Survey

Question 13

Which of the following is a public order crime

A)Prostitution
B)Embezzlement
C)Domestic violence
D)Hate speech

Question 14

Which of the following is true about the relationship between age and crime

A)Kids who are persistent offenders begin committing crimes during adolescence.
B)Kids who are persistent offenders continue a stable pattern of offending activities during lateadolescence.
C)Kids who are persistent offenders begin a rapid acceleration of crime in adulthood.
D)Early starters tend to commit more crimes and are more likely to continue to be involved incriminality over a longer period of crime.

Question 15

Which laws require that convicted felons spend a significant portion of their sentence behindbars

A)Three-strike laws
B)Habitual offender laws
C)Mandatory sentencing laws
D)Truth-in-Sentencing laws

Question 16

According to the _______ view of crime, behaviors that become crimes are essentially harmfulto a majority of citizens and therefore there is general agreement regarding which behaviorsneed to be controlled.

A)Conflict
B)Interactionist
C)Consensus
D)Constructionist

Question 17

Which of the following crimes is not included in the Uniform Crime Report's list of Part I orindex crimes

A)Criminal homicide
B)Motor vehicle theft
C)Simple assault
D)Arson

Question 18

Which of the following is not a problem associated with the National Crime VictimizationSurvey (NCVS)

A)Overreporting due to victim's misrepresentation of events
B)Incomplete acts lumped together with completed acts
C)Underreporting stemming from the embarrassment of reporting crime
D)Sampling errors that produce a group of respondents who do not represent the nation as awhole

Question 19

Self-report surveys are conducted most often on which of the following groups

A)Juveniles
B)Death row inmates
C)Prisoners
D)Police officers

Question 20

Which of the following is false regarding alternative crime measures

A)Cohort data involve observing over time a group of people who share certaincharacteristics.
B)Meta-analysis involves gathering data from a number of previous studies.
C)Sometimes criminologists conduct controlled experiments to collect data on the cause ofcrime.
D)Data mining creates a graphical representations of the spatial geography of crime.

Question 21

Which view of crime contends that the definition of crime is subjective

A)Conflict
B)Interactionist
C)Consensus
D)Constructionist

Question 22

Which of the following is considered a corporate crime

A)Bribery
B)Forgery
C)Thwarting competition
D)Murder of a the owner of competing business

Question 23

CASE 2.1
Your local police department is concerned with this year's most recent crime statistics. The police chief meets with city officials and his higher-ranking police personnel. They meet to discuss potential policies and procedures in order to reduce the crime rates in their city.
One improvement that pleases the police chief is that over 45% of all of the cities' Part I crimeshave resulted in arrest. When an offender is arrested and charged with a crime the offense isconsidered:

A)Adjudicated.
B)Cleared.
C)Disposed.
D)Finished.

Question 24

CASE 2.1
Your local police department is concerned with this year's most recent crime statistics. The police chief meets with city officials and his higher-ranking police personnel. They meet to discuss potential policies and procedures in order to reduce the crime rates in their city.
The police chief believes that the department needs to focus on crimes like prostitution anddrug abuse because the two are interconnected and he believes that both are linked to moreserious crimes. Drug use and prostitution are examples of:

A)Economic crimes.
B)Property crimes.
C)Public order crimes.
D)Violent crimes.

Question 25

CASE 2.1
Your local police department is concerned with this year's most recent crime statistics. The police chief meets with city officials and his higher-ranking police personnel. They meet to discuss potential policies and procedures in order to reduce the crime rates in their city.
One higher-ranking police captain believes that the increase in instrumental crimes is theproblem. Which of the following is an example of an instrumental crime

A)A young man who shoots the cashier of a convenience store that he is attempting to rob.
B)A drunken husband who shoots his wife during a late night fight.
C)A parent who strikes his child with a belt.
D)An alcoholic who commits a DUI and kills a child who is attempting to cross the street.

Question 26

Today, modern gangs seem to be motivated by:

A)Drug profits.
B)Emotional involvement.
C)Expressive violence.
D)Neighborhood turf wars.

Question 27

Currently, which ethnic group does not dominate organized crime

A)Russian
B)African American
C)Hispanic
D)Italian

Question 28

CASE 2.1
Your local police department is concerned with this year's most recent crime statistics. The police chief meets with city officials and his higher-ranking police personnel. They meet to discuss potential policies and procedures in order to reduce the crime rates in their city.
The mayor is more concerned with violent crimes. She believes that when people hear that hercity has experienced an increase in violent crimes, they will no longer come to visit. Since thecity is on a beach, tourism is a major source of revenue, so the mayor is concerned that the mostrecent crime statistics will cause a decrease in these revenues. If the mayor is most concernedwith violent crimes, which crime does not concern her as much

A)Murder
B)Rape
C)Prostitution
D)Robbery

Question 29

Which of the following is not considered a problem with self-reporting

A)The subject's reluctance to report crimes they have committed
B)Poor recall of past crimes
C)The possibility that self-reports are not generalizable to the population at large
D)The fact that self-reports capture offenses not reported to the police

Question 30

CASE 2.3
Mary, a student at a community college in New York, is in the United States on a student visa that allows her to remain in the United States until she obtains her master's degree in biology. She is considering returning to her home country because she is concerned with the increase in crime at her college and in the surrounding area. Mary attempts to find information on the crime rates in her hometown to compare to those in the city where she currently attends college.
After doing research on U.S. crime rates over the past few years, Mary is surprised to learn that:

A)Over the past two decades, violent crimes have been increasing significantly, but propertycrimes have been decreasing.
B)Over the past two decades, property crimes have been increasing significantly, but violentcrimes have been decreasing.
C)Over the past two decades, both violent and property crimes have been increasingsignificantly.
D)Over the past two decades, both violent and property crimes have been decreasingsignificantly.

Question 31

Which of the following viewpoints regarding the definition of crime states that white collarcrime is punished less severely than other crimes because the perpetrators are likely affluentmembers of the ruling class

A)Interactionist
B)Conflict
C)Consensus
D)Crime control

Question 32

Which view of crime contends that there are moral entrepreneurs who want to control behaviorsthey view as immoral or wrong

A)Conflict
B)Interactionist
C)Consensus
D)Constructionist

Question 33

CASE 2.3
Mary, a student at a community college in New York, is in the United States on a student visa that allows her to remain in the United States until she obtains her master's degree in biology. She is considering returning to her home country because she is concerned with the increase in crime at her college and in the surrounding area. Mary attempts to find information on the crime rates in her hometown to compare to those in the city where she currently attends college.
Why will it be difficult for Mary to compare the crime rates in a U.S. city with her hometownof London, England

A)England does not have any crime statistics that are available to civilians.
B)There are differences in the way crime is measured.
C)England is a dictatorship and manipulates crime rates so that their country appears to be safe.
D)Only solved cases are included in England's crime rates.

Question 34

The ________ was intended to supplement the UCR with more detailed information aboutvictim and offender characteristics.

A)NIBRS
B)NCVS
C)Monitoring the Future Survey
D)Self-report

Question 35

CASE 2.2
Mr. and Mrs. Jones receive a survey that asks them for information about crimes of which they have been victims. They are asked a series of questions to assess whether they individually have been victims of crime but also whether their household has been victimized.
In which survey are Mr. and Mrs. Jones taking part

A)NIBRS
B)NCVS
C)Self-report survey
D)UCR

Question 36

Which of the following explanations is no longer considered valid in explaining the differencesin offending patterns between males and females

A)Gender-based traits such as hormonal differences
B)Differences in socialization between males and females
C)Better verbal abilities in females that promote talking to diffuse conflict as opposed to fighting
D)The use of sex by females to control and influence male behaviors.

Question 37

CASE 2.2
Mr. and Mrs. Jones receive a survey that asks them for information about crimes of which they have been victims. They are asked a series of questions to assess whether they individually have been victims of crime but also whether their household has been victimized.
About what crime would they not be questioned

A)Aggravated assault
B)Burglary
C)Murder
D)Sexual assault

Question 38

What is suspected to be involved in half of all U.S. murder, suicides, and accidental deaths

A)Alcohol
B)Drugs
C)Domestic violence
D)Racial tensions

Question 39

CASE 2.2
Mr. and Mrs. Jones receive a survey that asks them for information about crimes of which they have been victims. They are asked a series of questions to assess whether they individually have been victims of crime but also whether their household has been victimized.
What would be a weakness in the results of the survey being completed by Mr. and Mrs. Jones

A)It does not include crimes not reported to the police.
B)It relies on the honesty of the offenders.
C)It relies on victim's memory and honesty.
D)It uses crime data only for victims over the age of 21.

Question 40

Which view of crime promotes that there is a class struggle between the rich and the poor

A)Conflict
B)Interactionist
C)Consensus
D)Constructionist

Question 41

A key advantage of the NCVS is its ability to capture offenses that were never reported to thepolice.

Question 42

Violent crime rates in the United States have increased significantly since the early 1990s.

Question 43

The Monitoring the Future study is one of the most important sources of self-report data withregard to drugs.

Question 44

There is evidence that the reporting accuracy of self-report studies differs among racial, ethnic,and gender groups.

Question 45

One argument with regard to higher crime rates in some regions of the country points to theinflux of immigrants.

Question 46

Age is inversely related to criminality.

Question 47

Children who have been exposed to a variety of personal and social problems at an early ageare the most at risk to repeat offending.

Question 48

Most boys are socialized to avoid being violent and aggressive.

Question 49

Marijuana is the current drug of choice of most high school seniors.

Question 50

UCR data captures all criminal violations.

Question 51

CASE 2.3
Mary, a student at a community college in New York, is in the United States on a student visa that allows her to remain in the United States until she obtains her master's degree in biology. She is considering returning to her home country because she is concerned with the increase in crime at her college and in the surrounding area. Mary attempts to find information on the crime rates in her hometown to compare to those in the city where she currently attends college.
Mary was a crime victim once in the three years that she has been in the United States. Afemale acquaintance assaulted Mary while Mary was out celebrating her birthday at a local barwith some friends. The offender was drunk and became agitated when she thought that Maryhad taken her seat. With regard to female criminality, all of the following are true except:

A)Female sex hormones account for more aggressive female behavior.
B)Females are socialized to avoid being violent and aggressive.
C)Female criminals are troubled, alienated at home, and pursue crime as a means ofcompensating for their disrupted personal lives.
D)Girls have been found to be superior to boys in verbal ability, which enable them to diffuseconflict more easily.

Question 52

Crimes such as murder and rape are cleared at higher rates than property crimes.

Question 53

According to official data, violent offenses are more common than property offenses.

Question 54

The NIBRS includes all the offenses that occur in an incident, rather than only the most seriousoffense.

Question 55

The National Crime Victimization Survey and the UCR are the only methods of crime datacollection used in the United States.

Question 56

Apparent increases in crime rates in the UCR may actually reflect changes in the way thepolice record their data.

Question 57

The racial threat hypothesis contends that young minority males are a greater threat thanyoung white males.

Question 58

In terms of becoming a victim of a violent crime, you are more at risk of being assaulted bysomeone you know or are in a relationship than by a stranger.

Question 59

Gang membership has increased over the past decade.

Question 60

One problem with the data in the FBI's UCR is the fact that people often lie on self-reports.

Question 61

Employee pilferage, bribery, commodities law violations, mail fraud, computer fraud, andembezzlement are examples of _________ crimes.

Question 62

Immigrants have significantly ____________________ rates of incarceration than the averageU.S. citizen.

Question 63

The ____________ view of crime maintains that criminal law is created and enforced by thosewho hold political and economic power.

Question 64

Arrests and court appearances have been shown to be deterrents to chronic offending.

Question 65

The theory of __________ suggests that slavery, racism, and the destruction of black culturehave created a criminal justice system that incarcerates blacks at higher rates than whites.

Question 66

The consensus view rests on the assumption that criminal law has a ___________ function.

Question 67

____________________ is the term commonly used to describe persistent repeat offenderswho organize their lifestyle around criminality.

Question 68

A crime is said to be ____________________ when at least one person is arrested or chargedwith the commission of the offense.

Question 69

Discuss the three approaches to defining crime.

Question 70

Public order crimes such as prostitution and drug abuse are also referred to as ____________crimes.

Question 71

Discuss the three main categories of crime.

Question 72

Part II crimes are all crimes reported to the FBI except for ______________.

Question 73

Murder, _________, robbery, burglary, larceny, motor vehicle theft, arson, and aggravatedassault make up the FBI's Part I crimes.

Question 74

_____________ crimes include offenses such as selling narcotics to obtain access to goods andservices that are otherwise unobtainable.

Question 75

Behaviors considered illegal because they run counter to existing moral standards are known as____________________ crimes.

Question 76

The view that younger African American males are subject to greater police control when theirnumbers increase within the population is known as ____________________ theory.

Question 77

__________________ involves the criminal activity of people and organizations whoseacknowledged purpose is economic gain through illegal enterprises.

Question 78

________________ are criminal acts directed toward a particular person or members of a groupbecause they share a discernible racial, ethnic, religious, or gender characteristic.

Question 79

People who wage campaigns to control behaviors they view as immoral or wrong are referredto as _____________________________.

Question 80

___________ is the legal term for theft.