Deck 2: Management History

Question 1

Max Weber (1947)was among the first researchers to use motion pictures to study hand-and-body motions.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

In the early 1800s, the first major steps towards developing a theory of management were undertaken.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

General administrative theory focuses on managers and administrators.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

One could say that Fayol (1916)was interested in studying macromanagement issues, whereas Taylor was interested in studying micromanagement issues.

Question 5

Frederick Taylor is most closely associated with the principles of scientific management.

Question 6

The Industrial Revolution began in the 19th century.

Question 7

Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations asserted that the primary economic advantage of societies would be gained from which of the following concepts?

A)management planning and control
B)on-the-job training
C)union representation
D)fair employment legislation
E)division of labour

Question 8

The primary issue that aroused Taylor to create a more scientific approach to management was worker effectiveness.

Question 9

In the Industrial Revolution, machine power began substituting for human power.

Question 10

According to Adam Smith (1776), division of labour was an important concept.

Question 11

Scenario-based questions: A Look Back
Cindy Reynolds, tired from working with customers all day, decided to take a 15-minute nap to help clear her head before the 4:15 managers' meeting.Her company had recently begun a re-engineering process as well as other changes requiring copious management input.As she leaned back in her chair, she wondered if management science had always been this way and how it all began.As she napped, she dreamed that, along with 'Spirit of Management Past' as her guide, she was travelling in the 'Management Way Back Machine' that took her back through management history.
Refer to A Look Back (Scenario).One of the earliest sites Cindy visited was Adam Smith's home, author of The Wealth of Nations, which suggested that organisations and society would gain from ________.

A)time management
B)division of labour
C)group work
D)quality management
E)time and motion studies

Question 12

Principles of Scientific Management was written by Frederick Taylor (1911).

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a reason Smith claimed enhanced productivity from division of labour?

A)increasing worker skill and dexterity
B)saving time lost in changing tasks
C)creating labour-saving inventions
D)strict management control over worker time and motion
E)creating labour-saving machinery

Question 14

An early example of the assembly line was developed during the 1400s by the British.

Question 15

Scenario-based questions: A Look Back
Cindy Reynolds, tired from working with customers all day, decided to take a 15-minute nap to help clear her head before the 4:15 managers' meeting.Her company had recently begun a re-engineering process as well as other changes requiring copious management input.As she leaned back in her chair, she wondered if management science had always been this way and how it all began.As she napped, she dreamed that, along with 'Spirit of Management Past' as her guide, she was travelling in the 'Management Way Back Machine' that took her back through management history.
Refer to A Look Back (Scenario).Cindy also learned that the Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain and crossed over to America ________.

A)shortly after the Revolutionary War
B)by about 1820
C)by the end of the Civil War
D)in 1910
E)right before World War I

Question 16

'One best way' is the phrase most associated with scientific management.

Question 17

Gilbreth is best known for 'the one best way'.

Question 18

Frank Gilbreth's best-known contribution to scientific management concerned selecting the best worker.

Question 19

Based on his scientific management principles, Taylor suggested the incentive pay principle.

Question 20

Which of the following statements is true regarding the Industrial Revolution?

A)It began in the 19th century.
B)It was started in Great Britain.
C)It had a major impact on the outcome of the Civil War.
D)It was focused on increasing agrarian concepts.
E)It was an early form of 'downsizing'.

Question 21

Based on his scientific management principles, Taylor suggested which of the following pay principles?

A)monthly salary
B)monthly salary with bonus
C)seniority pay
D)Scanlon plans
E)incentive pay

Question 22

Which of the following phrases is most closely associated with scientific management?

A)management relations
B)one best way
C)supply and demand
D)quality control
E)machinery over humans

Question 23

Which of the following individuals became known as the 'father' of scientific management?

A)Michael Porter
B)Frederick Taylor
C)Frank Gilbreth
D)Geert Hofstede
E)Abraham Maslow

Question 24

A 'therblig' concerns what scientific management workplace issue?

A)optimum temperature for workplace efficiency
B)basic hand motions
C)optimum speed for basic motions
D)weight/movement ratios
E)hand/eye speed

Question 25

Frank Gilbreth is associated with which management approach?

A)General Administrative
B)Human Resource
C)Quantitative
D)Systems
E)Scientific

Question 26

Weber's bureaucracy is a lot like scientific management.

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT one of Taylor's four principles of management?

A)Develop a science for each element of an individual's work, which will replace the old rule-of-thumb method.
B)Scientifically select and then train, teach, and develop the worker.
C)Ensure incentives and the work environment support the right results based on scientific principles.
D)Provide managers with less work than other employees so the managers can plan accordingly.
E)Divide managing and work responsibilities to use people's strengths.

Question 28

Henri Fayol would be classified under which of the following management approaches?

A)General Administrative
B)Scientific Management
C)Quantitative
D)Human Resource
E)Systems

Question 29

Bureaucracy, as described by Weber, emphasises rationality and interpersonal relationships.

Question 30

Which of the following is a fundamental contribution of scientific management?

A)It could raise a country's standard of living through improved production efficiency.
B)It provided for management control, a basic management function.
C)It provided the basis for the coming rise of unionisation.
D)It led to lower overall wages, thereby increasing organisational profitability.
E)It opened the door for women in the workplace.

Question 31

Frank Gilbreth's best-known contribution to scientific management concerned which of the following issues?

A)reducing the number of motions
B)pay systems
C)selecting the best worker
D)inventory control
E)management's role

Question 32

An organisation that has a division of labour, clearly defined hierarchy, detailed rules, and impersonal relationships would be described as a 'bureaucracy'.

Question 33

________ was among the first researchers to use motion pictures to study hand-and-body motions.

A)Michael Porter
B)Frederick Taylor
C)Frank Gilbreth
D)Geert Hofstede
E)Thomas Edison

Question 34

Modern management theory can be traced to what year?

A)1901
B)1911
C)1917
D)1921
E)1927

Question 35

General administrative theory focuses on ________.

A)the entire organisation
B)managers and administrators
C)the measurement of organisational design relationships
D)primarily the accounting function
E)administrative issues affecting non-managerial employees

Question 36

According to the textbook, probably the best-known example of Taylor's scientific management was the ________ experiment.

A)horse shoe
B)pig iron
C)blue collar
D)fish tank
E)incentive pay

Question 37

The 14 principles of management are associated with Fayol.

Question 38

Principles of Scientific Management was written by which author?

A)Fayol
B)Mintzberg
C)Taylor
D)Drucker
E)Carnegie

Question 39

According to the textbook, Frank Gilbreth is probably best known for his experiments in ________.

A)software development
B)brick laying
C)computer chips
D)illumination in the workplace
E)artistic design

Question 40

The primary issue that aroused Taylor to create a more scientific approach to management was ________.

A)worker efficiency
B)worker effectiveness
C)worker absenteeism and turnover
D)workplace safety
E)worker/management relations

Question 41

Weber's bureaucratic organisational design may be difficult to implement in current organisations because ________.

A)it is too flexible
B)today's organisations have little, if any, division of labour
C)the power of employees has increased
D)it takes away from employee creativity
E)inevitably, it leads to lower profitability

Question 42

In a short essay, discuss Frederick Taylor's work in scientific management.Next, list Taylor's four principles of management.

Question 43

The 14 principles of management are associated with whom?

A)Weber
B)Drucker
C)Taylor
D)Gilbreth
E)Fayol

Question 44

In a short essay, discuss the work in scientific management by Frank and Lillian Gilbreth.

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT one of Fayol's principles of management?

A)division of work
B)unity of command
C)discipline
D)order
E)equality

Question 46

An organisation that has division of labour, clearly defined hierarchy, detailed rules, and impersonal relationships would be described as what organisational type?

A)monopoly
B)autocracy
C)democracy
D)bureaucracy
E)cooperative

Question 47

In a short essay, discuss the work of Henri Fayol as it relates to the general administrative approach to management.Next list and discuss seven of Fayol's 14 principles of management.

Question 48

Scenario-based questions: A Look Back
Cindy Reynolds, tired from working with customers all day, decided to take a 15-minute nap to help clear her head before the 4:15 managers' meeting.Her company had recently begun a re-engineering process as well as other changes requiring copious management input.As she leaned back in her chair, she wondered if management science had always been this way and how it all began.As she napped, she dreamed that, along with 'Spirit of Management Past' as her guide, she was travelling in the 'Management Way Back Machine' that took her back through management history.
Refer to A Look Back (Scenario).Cindy also visited a bookstore where there was a book signing occurring.She looked down and saw that the title of the book was Principles of Scientific Management and concluded that the author must be ________.

A)Adam Smith
B)Frank Gilbreth
C)Henry Gantt
D)Frederick Taylor
E)Henri Fayol

Question 49

According to Weber's ideal bureaucracy, ________ is when people are selected for jobs based on technical qualifications.

A)division of labour
B)impersonality
C)authority hierarchy
D)career orientation
E)formal selection

Question 50

Hugo Munsterberg was an early advocate of the human resources approach to management.

Question 51

Scenario-based questions: A Look Back
Cindy Reynolds, tired from working with customers all day, decided to take a 15-minute nap to help clear her head before the 4:15 managers' meeting.Her company had recently begun a re-engineering process as well as other changes requiring copious management input.As she leaned back in her chair, she wondered if management science had always been this way and how it all began.As she napped, she dreamed that, along with 'Spirit of Management Past' as her guide, she was travelling in the 'Management Way Back Machine' that took her back through management history.
Refer to A Look Back (Scenario).Cindy spent some time visiting with ________, a researcher she previously knew little about but who also contributed to management science by being among the first to use motion picture films to study hand-and-body motions and by devising a classification scheme known as a 'therblig'.

A)Henry Gantt
B)Max Weber
C)Chester Barnard
D)Frank Gilbreth
E)Mary Parker Follett

Question 52

One could say that Fayol was interested in studying ________ activities of managers, whereas Taylor was interested in studying management at (the)________ organisational level(s).

A)all the; lowest
B)macro; highest
C)only the planning; lowest
D)all the; macro
E)only the lowest level; all

Question 53

Concern for employee motivation is most closely associated with organisational behaviour.

Question 54

In a short essay, discuss Max Weber's contribution to the general administrative approach to management.

Question 55

Barnard, Follett, Munsterberg, and Owen are all theorists who are associated with the early organisational behaviour approach.

Question 56

Scenario-based questions: A Look Back
Cindy Reynolds, tired from working with customers all day, decided to take a 15-minute nap to help clear her head before the 4:15 managers' meeting.Her company had recently begun a re-engineering process as well as other changes requiring copious management input.As she leaned back in her chair, she wondered if management science had always been this way and how it all began.As she napped, she dreamed that, along with 'Spirit of Management Past' as her guide, she was travelling in the 'Management Way Back Machine' that took her back through management history.
Refer to A Look Back (Scenario).Cindy admired the works of Taylor and Gilbreth, two advocates of ________.

A)scientific management
B)organisational behaviour
C)human resource management
D)motivation
E)leadership

Question 57

According to Weber's ideal bureaucracy, jobs broken down into simple, routine, and well-defined tasks are characteristics of which feature?

A)division of labour
B)impersonality
C)autocracy
D)career orientation
E)authority hierarchy

Question 58

Weber's bureaucracy is a lot like which other management approach?

A)Scientific Management
B)Systems
C)Autocracy
D)Human Resource
E)Quantitative

Question 59

Munsterberg's work in industrial psychology is easily connected with the scientific management approach.

Question 60

Hugo Munsterberg was a pioneer in the field of industrial psychology.

Question 61

Munsterberg's work in industrial psychology is easily connected with what other management approach?

A)General Administrative
B)Classical Management
C)Systems
D)Scientific Management
E)Quantitative

Question 62

Contemporary management practices that emphasise work groups as a means to increasing productivity can be traced to which of the following authors?

A)Owen
B)Follett
C)Barnard
D)Munsterberg
E)Fayol

Question 63

Without question, the most important contribution to the developing field of organisational behaviour came out of the ________.

A)Taylor Studies
B)Porter Studies
C)Parker Studies
D)Hawthorne Studies
E)Gilbreth Studies

Question 64

Which of the following is true concerning the management beliefs of Barnard?

A)Employee ability and motivation remain fixed within a single employee, but vary across different employees.
B)To improve productivity, management should concentrate on selecting the best employee rather than motivating current employees.
C)Productivity is best achieved by insulating the organisation from external constituencies.
D)Organisations are social systems that required human cooperation.
E)Maintaining organisational equilibrium leads to stagnation.

Question 65

Which of the following is a major contribution of Hugo Munsterberg?

A)He was a social reformer.
B)He was a pioneer in the field of industrial psychology.
C)He was interested in individual and group behaviour.
D)He viewed organisations as social systems, requiring human cooperation.
E)He created the four functions of management.

Question 66

Which of the following early advocates of organisational behaviour was a pioneer in the field of industrial psychology, the scientific study of people at work?

A)Robert Owen
B)Mary Parker Follett
C)Chester Barnard
D)Hugo Munsterberg
E)Frederick Taylor

Question 67

What scientist is most closely associated with the Hawthorne Studies?

A)Adams
B)Mayo
C)Lawler
D)Barnard
E)Follett

Question 68

The Hawthorne Studies were performed at the General Motors plant beginning in 1924.

Question 69

Follett is the scientist who is most closely associated with the Hawthorne Studies.

Question 70

Which of the following early advocates of organisational behaviour was the first to argue that organisations were open systems?

A)Robert Owen
B)Mary Parker Follett
C)Chester Barnard
D)Hugo Munsterberg
E)Frederick Taylor

Question 71

Which of the following four theorists are associated with the early organisational behaviour approach?

A)Owen, Munsterberg, Taylor, Fayol
B)Munsterberg, Taylor, Fayol, and Follett
C)Taylor, Fayol, Weber, and Barnard
D)Follett, Barnard, Munsterberg, and Weber
E)Barnard, Follett, Munsterberg, and Owen

Question 72

Without question, the most important contribution to the developing field of organisational behaviour came out of the Hawthorne Studies.

Question 73

According to the textbook, ________ was one of the first to recognise that organisations could be viewed from the perspective of individual and group behaviour.

A)Robert Owen
B)Mary Parker Follett
C)Chester Barnard
D)Hugo Munsterberg
E)Frederick Taylor

Question 74

According to the textbook, which of the following early advocates of organisational behaviour was concerned about deplorable working conditions?

A)Robert Owen
B)Mary Parker Follett
C)Chester Barnard
D)Hugo Munsterberg
E)Frederick Taylor

Question 75

One outcome of the Hawthorne Studies could be described by which of the following statements?

A)Social norms are the key determinants of individual work behaviour.
B)Money is more important than the group on individual productivity.
C)Behaviour and employee sentiments are inversely related.
D)Security is relatively unimportant.
E)While groups are an important determinant of worker productivity, the individual him/herself is most important.

Question 76

The Hawthorne Studies were initially devised to study ________.

A)productivity levels of groups versus individuals
B)the effect of noise on employee productivity
C)the effect of illumination levels on employee productivity
D)the effect of cooperative versus competitive organisational environments on productivity
E)individuals' differences - such as gender, age, tenure - on employee productivity

Question 77

Robert Owen is best remembered for ________, in contrast to Hugo Munsterberg's interest in efficiency.

A)workplace social reform
B)job design
C)employee training
D)reducing employee workplace suffering
E)psychological testing

Question 78

Follett's ideas about the relationship between management and workers is described by which of the following statements?

A)Management controls worker behaviour.
B)Managers should rely on their authority.
C)Managers should implement people-oriented decisions.
D)There is an inherent conflict between management and workers that can be overcome.
E)Management should rely on their knowledge and power to lead workers.

Question 79

Concern for employee motivation is most closely associated with which management approach?

A)Bureaucracy
B)Organisational Behaviour
C)Scientific Management
D)Systems
E)General Administrative

Question 80

Which of the following individuals are most closely associated with social relationships in the workplace?

A)Munsterberg and Owen
B)Munsterberg and Barnard
C)Follett and Munsterberg
D)Fayol and Follett
E)Owen and Barnard