Deck 20: The Progressives Key

Question 1

Regarding divorce in the United States during the Progressive Era,by 1916

A) one in every nine marriages, more than ten percent, ended in divorce.
B) divorce rates declined.
C) few states allowed divorce.
D) women began gaining the right to divorce in many states.
E) the majority of divorces were initiated by men.

Answer 1

one in every nine marriages, more than ten percent, ended in divorce.

Question 2

During the Progressive Era,some supporters of woman suffrage argued that female voters

A) deserved the vote because of their unique traits as women.
B) would end future political scandals.
C) were unlikely ever to vote for a woman running for national office.
D) would help to defeat the growing movement for temperance.
E) would ensure fair elections.

Answer 2

deserved the vote because of their unique traits as women.

Question 3

During the Progressive Era,significant voting rights for women were first won in

A) the South.
B) the mid-Atlantic states.
C) the Far West.
D) New England.
E) the Midwest.

Answer 3

the Far West.

Question 4

Prior to the adoption of the secret ballot,voter ballots were printed and distributed by

A) the federal government.
B) the political parties.
C) state governments.
D) private contractors.
E) philanthropic organizations.

Question 5

Thorstein Veblen argued that

A) the philanthropy of industrial tycoons had subverted the natural workings of society.
B) modern societies should rely on a handful of highly trained engineers to govern the economy.
C) true social reform would only occur if the nation's wealth were redistributed.
D) only the wealthy leisure class had adequate time and money to help the needy.
E) the leaders of corporations were the natural choice to create social reform.

Question 6

During the Progressive Era,the "new woman" was a product of

A) All these answers are correct.
B) higher levels of education.
C) a lower birth rate.
D) the movement to work outside the home.
E) increased schooling for children.

Question 7

The term "muckrakers" referred to

A) western progressives.
B) Social Darwinists.
C) critics of imperialism.
D) journalists.
E) socialists.

Question 8

Regarding organizing the professions during the Progressive Era,

A) most professions attempted to expand the ranks of Americans in their fields.
B) the medical field remained largely unorganized.
C) there was little organized activity in rural America.
D) by 1916, all states had established professional bar associations.
E) state and local governments generally impeded attempts to professionalize.

Question 9

During the Progressive Era,clubs for African American women

A) existed in large numbers despite the racial inclusiveness of white-founded women's clubs.
B) often took anti-lynching and anti-segregation positions.
C) differed sharply from white women's clubs in their structure.
D) tried to ignore overtly racial issues such as segregation.
E) did not exist.

Question 10

At the turn of the twentieth century,the leaders of the settlement house movement

A) thought assimilation robbed immigrants of the best parts of their culture.
B) were generally first-generation immigrants who helped second-generation immigrants.
C) generally expressed moral disapproval of the behavior of immigrants.
D) directed their attention to improving urban living conditions.
E) eventually saw their ideas and institutions take hold in England.

Question 11

Which of the following statements regarding women and the professions during the Progressive Era is FALSE?

A) There was a substantial market for African American teachers.
B) A large majority of all professional women were teachers.
C) Some women managed to become physicians and lawyers.
D) Women could not attain advanced degrees from American universities.
E) Women found themselves excluded from most of the emerging professions.

Question 12

In the years prior to the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment,

A) All these answers are correct.
B) Illinois was the first state east of the Mississippi to grant women the right to vote.
C) a large majority of states gave some voting rights to women.
D) New York, Michigan, Illinois, and California all granted women the right to vote.
E) many states gave full voting rights to women.

Question 13

At the turn of the twentieth century,progressive activists

A) believed in the importance of social cohesion.
B) asserted that it was the right of individuals to act as they chose.
C) held a strong commitment to improving racial justice.
D) believed that organizations stunted individual growth and stifled creativity.
E) believed that people's character was hardwired at birth.

Question 14

In 1904,Ida Tarbell published a highly critical study on

A) the Carnegie Steel Company.
B) urban "boss rule."
C) Congress.
D) child industrial labor.
E) the Standard Oil trust.

Question 15

During the Progressive Era,the women's club movement

A) had a national organization to coordinate club activities.
B) both had a national organization to coordinate club activities, and became increasingly concerned with cultural activities.
C) None of these answers is correct.
D) became increasingly concerned with cultural activities.
E) consistently avoided controversial social reforms.

Question 16

The settlement house movement of the early twentieth century helped spawn the profession of

A) community service.
B) social work.
C) psychological therapy.
D) comparative sociology.
E) charitable foundations.

Question 17

Many progressives believed that the first target of reform should be

A) municipal governments.
B) the judicial system.
C) Congress.
D) the federal bureaucracy.
E) state governments.

Question 18

Regarding women and the professions during the Progressive Era,

A) the majority of professional women were nurses.
B) social work was generally thought to be an appropriate career for women.
C) almost no women were able to have professional careers.
D) women were forced out of nursing as the occupation gained distinction.
E) educated black women were barred from all professional opportunities.

Question 19

While progressivism has many meanings,it tended in this period to be based on the central assumption that

A) Social Darwinism could create social order and stability.
B) the laissez-faire philosophy should be embraced in American politics.
C) individual rights should be expanded as widely as possible.
D) urbanization was harmful to the United States.
E) American society was capable of improvement.

Question 20

In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries,the "Social Gospel" was

A) first described by Andrew Carnegie.
B) a belief that God had chosen the rich to be rich and the poor to be poor.
C) chiefly concerned with redeeming the nation's cities.
D) intended to offer spiritual, not material, assistance to the poor.
E) a reform movement guided by the American Catholic Church.

Question 21

The brilliant lawyer Louis D.Brandeis,who later became a Supreme Court justice,argued that the federal government should work to break up the largest corporations because the "curse of bigness"

A)encouraged abuses of power.
B)limited competition.
C)All these answers are correct.
D)was inefficient.
E)was a threat to freedom.

Question 22

During the Progressive Era,important vehicles for social reform included

A) both New York's Tammany Hall and the Triangle Shirtwaist Company.
B) New York's Tammany Hall.
C) the Triangle Shirtwaist Company.
D) None of these answers is correct.
E) the American Federation of Labor.

Question 23

The initiative and the referendum were progressive-era political reforms primarily designed to weaken the power of

A) state governors.
B) municipal governments
C) the courts.
D) the federal government.
E) state legislatures.

Question 24

During the Progressive Era,reformers of city government frequently tried to

A) require city council members to run by district rather than at-large.
B) make all city government positions appointive.
C) move city elections to presidential years in order to increase turnout.
D) strengthen the power of city councils at the expense of mayors.
E) hire professionally trained business managers or engineers as city managers.

Question 25

In the aftermath of the 1911 Triangle Shirtwaist fire in New York City,

A) strict regulations were imposed on factory owners.
B) few true reforms of industry were made.
C) New York State barred factories from employing women under the age of sixteen.
D) Tammany Democrats attempted to thwart the New York State commission examining the fire.
E) factories taller than ten stories could only use the upper floors for storage of materials.

Question 26

In the early twentieth century,eugenics

A) was exposed by a federal commission as a fraudulent science.
B) asserted that the root of many urban problems was overcrowded cities.
C) aimed to subvert and oppose the rising tide of nativism.
D) supported the restriction of immigration by nationality.
E) contended that inequalities between humans were rooted in education.

Question 27

During the Progressive Era,W.E.B.Du Bois asserted all of the following EXCEPT that

A)talented blacks should accept nothing less than a full university education.
B)Booker T.Washington's ideas were unnecessarily limiting to blacks.
C)blacks should fight for immediate civil rights.
D)blacks should aspire to the professions.
E)seeking legal challenges to civil injustice through white-dominated courts was a pointless exercise.

Question 28

The temperance movement between 1914 and 1919

A) gained the support of most Catholic immigrants.
B) gained momentum as a result of World War I.
C) saw the Women's Christian Temperance Union peak at 125,000 members.
D) resulted in the unanimous passage by states of the Eighteenth Amendment.
E) was opposed by most conservative Christians.

Question 29

All of the following were progressive reformers from western states EXCEPT

A)Alfred E.Smith.
B)None of these answers is correct,as all were progressive reformers from western states.
C)George Norris.
D)Hiram Johnson.
E)William Borah.

Question 30

During the Progressive Era,political "interest groups"

A) All these answers are correct.
B) were attacked by progressive reformers.
C) gradually became less powerful as time went on.
D) were attacked by progressive reformers, and gradually became less powerful as time went on.
E) rose to replace the declining power centers of the parties.

Question 31

World War I hurt the socialist movement in the United States

A) because the war generated anti-radical feelings in the country.
B) because the Socialist Party supported Germany.
C) both because the war generated anti-radical feelings in the country, and because the Socialist Party supported Germany.
D) All these answers are correct.
E) because the Socialist Party had dynamited key railroad lines to prevent troop movement.

Question 32

During the Progressive Era,the acknowledged leader of American socialism was

A)Lincoln Steffens.
B)Eugene V.Debs.
C)Florence Kelley.
D)William Haywood.
E)A.Mitchell Palmer.

Question 33

As governor of Wisconsin,the progressive reformer Robert La Follette helped win approval for

A) the direct primary, initiative, and referendum.
B) campaign finance reform.
C) mandatory health insurance.
D) employee profit sharing in large corporations.
E) a repeal of the income tax.

Question 34

The recall and the direct primary were progressive-era political reforms designed to weaken

A) the courts.
B) political parties.
C) state legislatures.
D) state governors.
E) the federal government.

Question 35

When he assumed the presidency in 1901,Theodore Roosevelt

A) both was the youngest American ever to hold the office and had no previous political experience.
B) had no previous political experience.
C) was the youngest American ever to hold the office.
D) None of these answers is correct.
E) had little faith in the power of public opinion.

Question 36

The temperance crusade

A) first began to take shape during the Progressive Era.
B) was wholeheartedly supported by urban political machines.
C) found its greatest support among immigrants.
D) sought to curb prostitution.
E) was supported by business employers.

Question 37

The Women's Christian Temperance Union

A) was, at one time, the largest women's organization in American history.
B) was founded during the Progressive Era.
C) was headed by a male president.
D) was later replaced by the Anti-Saloon League.
E) called for an end to saloons, not for a full prohibition on alcoholic beverages.

Question 38

For western states,the most important vehicle of reform was

A) state government agencies, such as the Bureau of Land Management.
B) the federal government, because it exerted great power in the western states.
C) political parties.
D) the prison system.
E) municipal and county governments, as they had the most day-to-day impact on the lives of the western voting constituency.

Question 39

During the early twentieth century,the Industrial Workers of the World

A) was dominated by anarchists.
B) emphasized education for the working class.
C) rejected the economic principles of both capitalism and Marxism.
D) advocated a single union for all workers.
E) was a more violent organization than the public recognized at the time.

Question 40

During the Progressive Era,the Socialist Party of America

A) grew stronger.
B) grew weaker.
C) renamed itself the Progressive Party.
D) virtually disappeared.
E) continued as it had in the past.

Question 41

As an environmental conservationist,President Theodore Roosevelt

A) All these answers are correct.
B) opposed new dam construction on major rivers.
C) opposed the growing preservationist movement as impractical.
D) opposed hunting on all federal lands.
E) added extensive areas of land to the national forest system.

Question 42

Theodore Roosevelt did not run for another term as president in 1908 because

A) he had lost much of his public popularity.
B) the Constitution prevented him from doing so.
C) he was denied the nomination of his party.
D) he felt he had accomplished everything he wanted to do as president.
E) in 1904 he had promised not to run again.

Question 43

As president,William Howard Taft

A) managed to match Roosevelt's personal dynamism.
B) None of these answers is correct.
C) angered many conservatives with his activism, but generally pleased progressives.
D) angered many conservatives with his activism.
E) generally pleased progressives.

Question 44

In the election of 1908,William Howard Taft

A) was hand-picked by Theodore Roosevelt to succeed him.
B) had a public image very much like that of Theodore Roosevelt.
C) decisively defeated his Republican opponent in the general election.
D) was opposed by progressives and conservatives.
E) narrowly defeated his opponent, William Jennings Bryan.

Question 45

During Theodore Roosevelt's first three years as president,

A) he desired to win for government the power to investigate corporations and publicize the results.
B) his primary accomplishment was to reform the meatpacking industry.
C) he deeply antagonized the conservative Old Guard wing of his party.
D) he was a champion of labor unions.
E) he made the breaking-up of business combinations his highest priority.

Question 46

The Sierra Club was founded by

A) John Muir.
B) Theodore Roosevelt.
C) Louis Glavis.
D) Gifford Pinchot.
E) Richard Ballinger.

Question 47

In 1909,a controversy involving Richard Ballinger and Gifford Pinchot saw

A) President William H. Taft fire Ballinger, due to a conflict of interest.
B) former supporters of Roosevelt rally behind Taft.
C) President William H. Taft fire Pinchot for insubordination.
D) progressives come to oppose Pinchot.
E) conservative Republicans turn against President Taft.

Question 48

The first director of the National Forest Service was

A) Richard Ballinger.
B) John Muir.
C) William Howard Taft.
D) Louis Glavis.
E) Gifford Pinchot.

Question 49

All of the following were passed during Theodore Roosevelt's administration EXCEPT the

A) Hepburn Railroad Regulation Act.
B) National Reclamation Act.
C) Interstate Commerce Act.
D) Meat Inspection Act.
E) Pure Food and Drug Act.

Question 50

During President Woodrow Wilson's first term,Colonel Edward M.House

A) was both secretary of state and one of Wilson's closest advisors.
B) became the locus of opposition to Wilson in the cabinet.
C) All these answers are correct.
D) was one of Wilson's closest advisors.
E) was secretary of state.

Question 51

In his political program known as the "New Freedom," Woodrow Wilson believed trusts

A) should have the right to expand.
B) should exist only if they recognized laborers right to organize.
C) should exist only if they benefited the middle class.
D) needed to be tightly regulated by the federal government.
E) should be destroyed.

Question 52

Which statement regarding the controversy over Hetch Hetchy Valley is FALSE?

A) John Muir devoted the last years of his life to opposing a dam at Hetch Hetchy.
B) Hetch Hetchy was a spectacular high-walled valley within Yosemite National Park.
C) Theodore Roosevelt led the fight in favor of building a dam at Hetch Hetchy.
D) The fight against the dam helped mobilize a new coalition of preservationists.
E) In 1908, by a wide margin, San Francisco voters approved building a dam at Hetch Hetchy.

Question 53

In 1912,Theodore Roosevelt was reluctant to become a candidate for president because

A) the 1910 elections seemed to illustrate that progressivism was on the wane.
B) None of these answers is correct.
C) many conservative Republicans asked him to seek the nomination of the party.
D) President William H. Taft announced he would seek reelection.
E) Robert La Follette had been working to secure the nomination for himself.

Question 54

In 1910,in Osawatomie,Kansas,Theodore Roosevelt announced a set of political principles that called for

A) limiting the authority of President William H. Taft.
B) equal pay for male and female workers who performed the same jobs.
C) greater activism by the federal government.
D) a return to the laissez-faire policies of his two administrations.
E) an end to legal racial discrimination.

Question 55

The 1912 Republican convention was an ideological contest between

A) All these answers are correct.
B) the "New Freedom" and the "New Nationalism."
C) La Follette and Taft.
D) both different types of progressivism and the "New Freedom" and "New Nationalism."
E) the Old Guard and what was to become the "Bull Moose."

Question 56

In the 1902 strike by the United Mine Workers,President Theodore Roosevelt

A) sided with the mine owners.
B) ordered in federal troops to break the strike.
C) ordered federal arbitration.
D) sided with the miners.
E) ordered in federal troops to keep the peace.

Question 57

The 1913 Underwood-Simmons Tariff

A) passed despite opposition from congressional Democrats.
B) reduced foreign competition in the United States' domestic markets.
C) represented a political setback for President Wilson.
D) was intended to weaken the power of business trusts.
E) raised tariff rates to a new high.

Question 58

In 1913,to offset the loss of revenues from other legislation,Congress

A) increased business regulatory fees.
B) passed a graduated income tax.
C) raised the tariff on agricultural goods.
D) decided to inflate the currency.
E) passed heavy excise taxes on alcohol and tobacco.

Question 59

Upton Sinclair's 1906 novel,The Jungle,encouraged the federal government to regulate the

A) railroad industry.
B) meatpacking industry.
C) housing industry.
D) steel industry.
E) oil industry.

Question 60

In the 1912 presidential election results,

A) Theodore Roosevelt won the popular vote but lost the electoral college.
B) Eugene Debs offered his electoral votes to Theodore Roosevelt.
C) President William H. Taft came in last of the four major candidates.
D) Theodore Roosevelt finished third in the popular vote.
E) Woodrow Wilson won only a plurality of the popular vote.

Question 61

Ida Tarbell and Lincoln Steffens could both be called muckrakers.

Question 62

The secret ballot enhanced the power of the two-party system over the average voter.

Question 63

After the elections of 1914,President Woodrow Wilson

A) held steady to his existing course of action.
B) moved away from progressivism.
C) encouraged the United States to enter the war in Europe.
D) began another round of progressive legislation.
E) refused to nominate any progressives to the Supreme Court.

Question 64

The 1916 Keating-Owen Act was the first federal law regulating

A) information about contraceptives.
B) tenant agriculture.
C) industrial safety.
D) the garment industry.
E) child labor.

Question 65

The "new woman" was less likely to marry and more likely to divorce.

Question 66

The direct primary and the recall were both reforms designed to enhance the power of political parties in the United States.

Question 67

By the fall of 1914,President Woodrow Wilson

A) decided to expand his progressive reform efforts.
B) believed his reform program had largely been accomplished.
C) concluded he could not achieve meaningful reform of the economy.
D) had created the mechanisms for a vigorous legal pursuit of monopoly.
E) had succeeded in breaking up most business trusts.

Question 68

Progressive reformers tried to strengthen the power of the mayor over the city council.

Question 69

Anna Howard Shaw and Carrie Chapman Catt were among the most prominent leaders of the anti-suffrage movement.

Question 70

Settlement houses were typically built and staffed by middle-class reformers to help inner-city residents.

Question 71

Progressives tended to believe that the doctrine of Social Darwinism was the correct starting point for creating a better world.

Question 72

During the Progressive Era,some professionals used their entrance requirements to exclude blacks,women,immigrants,and other "undesirables" from their ranks.

Question 73

The middle-class women's club movement confined itself to working on middle-class issues.

Question 74

The Supreme Court,in two rulings related to the 1916 Keating-Owen Act,

A) illustrated how quickly Justice Louis Brandeis had changed the Court.
B) validated an expansion of congressional authority.
C) struck down reform legislation.
D) demonstrated its support for President Wilson's political agenda.
E) displayed support for using federal authority to create social change.

Question 75

Progressive reforms tended to increase voter turnout in presidential elections.

Question 76

The new middle class of the turn of the century placed a high value on moral values,but not on formal education.

Question 77

During the Progressive Era,employers were generally unconcerned about the problem of alcohol.

Question 78

The Federal Reserve Act

A) was designed to push troubled banks out of business.
B) created sixteen regional banks.
C) created a new type of paper currency.
D) helped to reduce loans to private banks.
E) was regulated by a board whose members were elected by Congress.

Question 79

The Federal Trade Commission Act

A) failed to give the government new powers to investigate corporate behavior.
B) helped businesses increase their trade markets.
C) created an agency to determine whether business practices were acceptable to the government.
D) encouraged industries to write basic "codes" governing prices, hours, and wages across the board.
E) defined the standard for "unfair trade practices."

Question 80

Former "mugwumps" became important supporters of progressive political reform activity.