Deck 31: Solid Organ Transplantation

Question 1

HLA-B27 antigen is the only HLA antigen with a disease association strong enough to be useful in the differential diagnosis of:

A) Reiter's syndrome.
B) juvenile chronic arthritis with spinal involvement.
C) anterior uveitis.
D) ankylosing spondylitis.

Answer 1

ankylosing spondylitis.

Question 2

The most accelerated type of graft rejection is called __________ rejection.

A) hyperacute
B) acute
C) chronic
D) delayed

Answer 2

hyperacute

Question 3

MATCHING
Match the terms with the appropriate definition.

Allograft

A)Graft between individuals of different species (e.g. ,pig heart valve to a human heart)
B)Graft transferred from one position to another in the same individual (e.g. ,skin,hair,bone)
C)Graft between genetically different recipient and donor of the same species;grafted donor tissue or organ contains antigens not present in recipient
D)Graft transplanted between different but identical recipient and donor (e.g. ,kidney transplant between monozygous twins)

Answer 3

Graft between genetically different recipient and donor of the same species;grafted donor tissue or organ contains antigens not present in recipient

Question 4

The mainstay of immunosuppression therapy in transplantation is:

A) azathioprine.
B) corticosteroids.
C) cyclosporine.
D) antilymphocyte globulin.

Question 5

Corneas can be easily transplanted from one human to another because the cornea is:

A) weakly antigenic.
B) avascular.
C) nonantigenic.
D) both a and b

Question 6

If an organ is rejected within 1 week after transplant (acute rejection),the predominant mechanism is ______-mediated.

A) T lymphocyte
B) B lymphocyte
C) macrophage
D) segmented neutrophil

Question 7

MATCHING
Match the terms with the appropriate definition.

Syngraft

A)Graft between individuals of different species (e.g. ,pig heart valve to a human heart)
B)Graft transferred from one position to another in the same individual (e.g. ,skin,hair,bone)
C)Graft between genetically different recipient and donor of the same species;grafted donor tissue or organ contains antigens not present in recipient
D)Graft transplanted between different but identical recipient and donor (e.g. ,kidney transplant between monozygous twins)

Question 8

MATCHING
Match the terms with the appropriate definition.

Autograft

A)Graft between individuals of different species (e.g. ,pig heart valve to a human heart)
B)Graft transferred from one position to another in the same individual (e.g. ,skin,hair,bone)
C)Graft between genetically different recipient and donor of the same species;grafted donor tissue or organ contains antigens not present in recipient
D)Graft transplanted between different but identical recipient and donor (e.g. ,kidney transplant between monozygous twins)

Question 9

MATCHING
Match the terms with the appropriate definition.

Xenograft

A)Graft between individuals of different species (e.g. ,pig heart valve to a human heart)
B)Graft transferred from one position to another in the same individual (e.g. ,skin,hair,bone)
C)Graft between genetically different recipient and donor of the same species;grafted donor tissue or organ contains antigens not present in recipient
D)Graft transplanted between different but identical recipient and donor (e.g. ,kidney transplant between monozygous twins)

Question 10

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC)D region codes for ________ molecules.

A) class I
B) class II
C) class III
D) all of the above

Question 11

Match the groups receiving therapy with their risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD).

Infants receiving intrauterine transfusions,followed by exchange transfusions,and possibly infants receiving only exchange transfusions

A)High-risk patients
B)Intermediate-risk patients
C)Low-risk patients

Question 12

Class II transplant antigens are expressed on:

A) B lymphocytes.
B) activated T lymphocytes.
C) macrophages.
D) all of the above.

Question 13

In posttransfusion graft-versus-host reaction,symptoms begin within ________ day(s)after transfusion.

A) 1
B) 2 to 4
C) 3 to 5
D) 3 to 30

Question 14

Rejection of a graft displays the key feature(s)of adaptive immunity,which is:

A) memory
B) specificity
C) antibody formation
D) both a and b

Question 15

Which of the following antigens is an MHC class II antigen?

A) HLA-A
B) HLA-DQ
C) HLA-DR
D) both b and c

Question 16

The most efficient method of preventing graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)is:

A) irradiating the patient before transfusion.
B) irradiating the blood components before transfusion.
C) administering antibiotics before transfusion.
D) administering steroids after transfusion.

Question 17

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC)is located on:

A) chromosome 3.
B) chromosome 6.
C) chromosome 21.
D) chromosome 22.

Question 18

Match the groups receiving therapy with their risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD).

Recipients of autologous or allogeneic bone marrow grafts

A)High-risk patients
B)Intermediate-risk patients
C)Low-risk patients

Question 19

Which of the following classes of MHC antigens is necessary for antigen recognition by CD4+ T lymphocytes?

A) class I
B) class II
C) both class I and class II
D) neither class I nor class II

Question 20

Potential graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)has all the following factor requirements except:

A) a source of immunocompetent T lymphocytes.
B) a source of immunocompetent B lymphocytes.
C) age of the blood product.
D) inability to reject donor cells.

Question 21

Match the groups receiving therapy with their risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD).

Children with severe congenital immunodeficiency syndromes involving T lymphocytes

A)High-risk patients
B)Intermediate-risk patients
C)Low-risk patients

Question 22

The stronger the antigen difference,the more severe the graft-versus-host reaction.

Question 23

Patients who are severely immunocompromised or immunosuppressed are unable to reject donor cells.

Question 24

Immunosuppression is used for the maintenance of the transplant.

Question 25

Match the groups receiving therapy with their risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD).

Patients with aplastic anemia receiving antithymocyte globulin

A)High-risk patients
B)Intermediate-risk patients
C)Low-risk patients

Question 26

Immunosuppression is used for the suppression of established rejection.

Question 27

Immunosuppression is used for induction (intense immunosuppression in the initial days after transplantation).

Question 28

Match the groups receiving therapy with their risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD).

Patients receiving total-body radiation or immunosuppressive therapy for disorders such as lymphoma and acute leukemia

A)High-risk patients
B)Intermediate-risk patients
C)Low-risk patients