Deck 3: Thinking Like a Researcher

Question 1

Which term below refers to a bundle of meanings or characteristics associated with certain concrete,unambiguous events,objects,conditions,or situations?

A) Variable
B) Construct
C) Concept
D) Theory
E) Model

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following activities can be used to describe the scientific method?

A) Playing checkers
B) Watching Jeopardy
C) Playing chess
D) Solving puzzles
E) Investing in stocks

Answer 2

D

Question 3

_____ is said to denote observations and propositions based on sensory experience and/or derived from such experience by methods of inductive logic.

A) Empiricism
B) Scientific management
C) Exposition
D) Deduction
E) Propositional research

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Bill often feels insecure about how others view him.To increase his feelings of self-esteem,Bill often buys expensive,luxury items.Self-esteem is an example of a _____.

A) construct
B) fact
C) concept
D) theory
E) model

Question 5

Which of the following is a requirement for a deduction to be considered correct?

A) Validity
B) Reliability
C) Inference
D) Empiricism
E) Conclusiveness

Question 6

Consider the following statements: "Inner-city household interviewing is especially difficult and expensive.This survey involves substantial inner-city household interviewing.The interviewing in this survey will be especially difficult and expensive." This is an example of a(n)_____.

A) empirical argument
B) inductive argument
C) exposition
D) deductive argument
E) hypothesis

Question 7

Concepts are more _____,while constructs are more _____.

A) concrete, abstract
B) abstract, concrete
C) intangible, tangible
D) conceptual, factual
E) intuitive, logical

Question 8

_____ is a form of argument that purports to be conclusive - the conclusion must necessarily follow from the reasons given.

A) Induction
B) Deduction
C) Logic
D) Philosophy
E) Exposition

Question 9

A _____ is an image or abstract idea specifically invented for a given research and/or theory-building purpose.

A) variable
B) construct
C) concept
D) theory
E) model

Question 10

_____ is a form of reasoning that draws a conclusion from one or more particular facts or pieces of evidence.

A) Induction
B) Deduction
C) Empiricism
D) Logic
E) Association

Question 11

Abstract concepts such as personality,need for variety,and materialism are often called _____.

A) variables
B) constructs
C) concepts
D) theories
E) models

Question 12

Which form of argument presents a conclusion based on reasons or proof?

A) Induction
B) Deduction
C) Logic
D) Philosophy
E) Exposition

Question 13

_____ occurs when we observe a fact and ask,"Why is this?"

A) Deduction
B) Induction
C) Exposition
D) Empiricism
E) Curiosity

Question 14

Automobile is a(n)_____ concept,while service quality is a(n)_____ concept.

A) abstract, objective
B) subjective, objective
C) intangible, tangible
D) objective, abstract
E) factual, perceptual

Question 15

Direct observation of phenomena,empirically testable hypotheses,and the ability to rule out rival hypotheses are all essential tenets of the _____.

A) experiential method
B) scientific method
C) intuitive process
D) strategic management process
E) account planning philosophy

Question 16

_____ is the process by which we test whether a hypothesis is capable of explaining the fact.

A) Deduction
B) Induction
C) Exposition
D) Empiricism
E) Curiosity

Question 17

Consider the following example: "Retail sales increases in the 2005 holiday season were below projections.Sales were disappointing because consumers were not confident about economic growth." This is an example of a(n)_____.

A) inductive argument
B) deductive argument
C) empirical argument
D) fact
E) premise

Question 18

Jack observes his neighbor's purchase behavior with new automobiles.His neighbor purchases a new car every year and always seems to have a nicer model than the year before.Jack thinks the dealership must sell to his neighbor's fascination with new car styles.In this example,interest in new car styles is a _____.

A) construct
B) fact
C) concept
D) theory
E) model

Question 19

Because of the nature of induction,the conclusion can be thought of as _____.

A) fact
B) one explanation among many
C) proof
D) evidence
E) empirical

Question 20

The statement,"Sales in Pacific Timber Products have increased in the past six months," is an example of a(n)_____.

A) inductive argument
B) deductive argument
C) exposition
D) research question
E) proposition

Question 21

Variables that are included because they are believed to have a significant contributory or contingent effect on the IV-DV relationship are called _____ variables.

A) criterion
B) predictor
C) mediator
D) moderator
E) extraneous

Question 22

Which of the following is another term for dependent variable?

A) Discrete
B) Criterion
C) Mediator
D) Predictor
E) Construct

Question 23

All of the following are examples of dichotomous variables except _____.

A) employed-unemployed
B) male-female
C) number of children in the household
D) married-unmarried
E) all of the above are dichotomous variables

Question 24

Which term below refers to an event,act,characteristic,trait,or attribute that can be measured and to which we assign categorical values?

A) Construct
B) Concept
C) Variable
D) Schema
E) Model

Question 25

Jason is using the demographic variables of highest level of educational attainment (high school graduate,some college,college graduate,graduate school)and ethnicity (Asian,African-American,Caucasian,Hispanic,other)to describe survey respondents.Both are examples of _____ variables.

A) dichotomous
B) discrete
C) continuous
D) dependent
E) mediating

Question 26

Which of the following is another term for independent variable?

A) Discrete
B) Criterion
C) Moderator
D) Predictor
E) Construct

Question 27

Rachel is interested in learning the effect of using a celebrity endorsement on sales.The presence or absence of a celebrity endorsement is the _____ variable.

A) independent
B) dependent
C) mediating
D) criterion
E) continuous

Question 28

A customer is defined as a patron and a patron is defined as a client of an establishment.This is an example of a(n)_____.

A) hypothetical construct
B) conceptual scheme
C) operational definition
D) dictionary definition
E) mediating variable

Question 29

A variable that is assumed or excluded from a research study is a(n)_____ variable.

A) criterion
B) predictor
C) mediator
D) moderator
E) extraneous

Question 30

A(n)_____ defines a variable in terms of specific measurement and testing criteria.

A) hypothetical construct
B) operational definition
C) dictionary definition
D) conceptual scheme
E) moderating variable

Question 31

Which variable listed below is the variable manipulated by the researcher,thereby causing an effect on another variable?

A) Criterion
B) Mediator
C) Dependent
D) Predictor
E) Moderator

Question 32

Variables that may take on values within a given range,or an infinite set are called _____ variables.

A) discrete
B) dichotomous
C) continuous
D) dependent
E) mediating

Question 33

To be categorized as a customer,an individual must have a history of shopping at the establishment at least twice prior to the start of the study with expenditures of more than $10.This is an example of a(n)_____.

A) hypothetical construct
B) conceptual scheme
C) operational definition
D) dictionary definition
E) mediating variable

Question 34

Which variable listed below is the variable measured,predicted,or otherwise monitored and expected to be affected by manipulation of another variable?

A) Criterion
B) Moderator
C) Independent
D) Predictor
E) Extraneous

Question 35

A variable is said to be _____ when it has only two values,reflecting the presence or absence of a property.

A) dichotomous
B) discrete
C) ratio-scaled
D) metric
E) continuous

Question 36

A(n)_____ describes the interrelationships between concepts and constructs.

A) hypothetical construct
B) postulation
C) conceptual scheme
D) operational definition
E) inductive argument

Question 37

_____ variables product data that fit into three or more categories with specific assigned values.

A) Dichotomous
B) Discrete
C) Operational
D) Independent
E) Continuous

Question 38

Which of the following can not be thought of as variables?

A) Events
B) Acts
C) Characteristics
D) People
E) All of the above can be thought of as variables

Question 39

Which term below refers to a construct that is presumed to exist,but can only be inferred from data?

A) Conceptual scheme
B) Hypothetical construct
C) Operational definition
D) Confounding variable
E) Extraneous variable

Question 40

James is entering data on client gender.Because the values entered reflect male or female,this variable is _____.

A) discrete
B) dichotomous
C) continuous
D) ratio-scaled
E) metric

Question 41

Which term listed below refers to a representation of a system constructed to study some aspect of that system or the system as a whole?

A) Conceptual scheme
B) Hypothesis
C) Theory
D) Diagram
E) Model

Question 42

Which of the following is an explanatory hypothesis?

A) Young women purchase fewer meats than women who are 35 years of age or older.
B) Sales of vegetarian foods vary by season.
C) An increase in family income leads to an increase in the percentage of income spent on housing.
D) Real estate investment trusts (REITs) experienced a record level of profitability in 2004.
E) People in the South tend to rate the President more favorably than do people in the North.

Question 43

Recently,several studies have sought to measure the extent of binge drinking among college students.Explain the meaning of an operational definition and develop a good operational definition for binge drinking.

Question 44

Potato chip sales vary directly with the level of television viewing.This is an example of a _____.

A) research question
B) descriptive hypothesis
C) correlational hypothesis
D) causal hypothesis
E) dichotomous hypothesis

Question 45

A _____ is a set of systematically interrelated concepts,definitions,and propositions that are advanced to explain or predict phenomena.

A) conceptual scheme
B) hypothesis
C) theory
D) diagram
E) factual schema

Question 46

Explain the essential tenets of the scientific method and why this method is important for business research.

Question 47

An increase in hours of television viewing leads to increases in the sales of snack foods.This is an example of a_____.

A) research question
B) descriptive hypothesis
C) correlational hypothesis
D) causal hypothesis
E) dichotomous hypothesis

Question 48

Which of the following is not one of the conditions necessary for a hypothesis to be considered strong?

A) Adequate for its purpose
B) Addresses the presence of extraneous variables
C) Testable
D) Better than rival hypotheses
E) All of the following are necessary conditions

Question 49

In the Southeast,the potato chip market share held by the Lays brand is 46%.This is an example of a(n)_____.

A) research question
B) descriptive hypothesis
C) relational hypothesis
D) explanatory hypothesis
E) correlational hypothesis

Question 50

The role of a model is to _____ while a theory's role is to _____.

A) represent, explain
B) explain, represent
C) propose, prove
D) describe, predict
E) examine, experiment

Question 51

Which of the following is a correlational hypothesis?

A) A decrease in the value of the US dollar relative to other currencies leads to an increase in exports.
B) Education on the process of preparing meat for consumption leads to a decrease in the consumption of hamburgers.
C) An increase in family income leads to an increase in the percentage of income spent on housing.
D) Low interest rates resulted in a record year for real estate investment trusts (REITs) as individuals invested in real estate rather than other forms of investment.
E) People in the South tend to rate the President more favorably than do people in the North.

Question 52

Metro University has set a goal to increase the percentage of alumni who donate to the university and to increase the average amount given by those who have donated in the past.Metro U hopes that holding special events at homecoming designed specifically for alums will result in an increase in donations.Consequently,it is planning a special Alumni Bash for homecoming night and invitations have been sent to students who graduated between 1975 and 2000.Identify the dependent and independent variables in the example.State a hypothesis using the information provided.

Question 53

Explain the meaning of deduction and induction.Provide an argument that exemplifies each form.

Question 54

Which type of model allows the researcher to visualize numerous variables and relationships?

A) Descriptive
B) Predictive
C) Normative
D) Correlational
E) Planning