Deck 1: Extension B: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

Question 1

The study of human strengths, virtues, and optimal behavior is called _____ psychology.

A)positive
B)psychodynamic
C)sociocultural
D)cognitive

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The idea that behavior must be judged relative to the values of the culture in which it occurs is called

A)relative deprivation.
B)normal behavior.
C)ethnocentric behavior.
D)cultural relativity.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Token economies within institutions that utilize tangible rewards for appropriate behaviors and a loss of privileges for inappropriate behaviors would be an important area of study for

A)comparative psychologists.
B)learning theorists.
C)biopsychologists.
D)psychologists investigating sensation and perception.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The study of what motivates some of us to do well in school or on the job would fall in the area of _____ research.

A)cognitive
B)learning
C)perception
D)personality

Question 5

Positive psychology would most likely explore which of the following topics?

A)rehabilitating criminals
B)the effect of exercise on subjective well-being
C)preventing suicide among teenagers
D)assisting smokers in breaking the habit

Question 6

If you are having a hard time toilet training your young, healthy puppy, you would be most likely to obtain helpful information from a(n)

A)biopsychologist.
B)developmental psychologist.
C)eclectic theorist.
D)learning theorist.

Question 7

If you read an article comparing the value of breastfeeding versus formula feeding on the physical growth of infants, the psychologist who wrote this article is probably a

A)comparative psychologist.
B)developmental psychologist.
C)social psychologist.
D)gender psychologist.

Question 8

Dr.Maxwell is conducting research to determine how a person's subjective well-being is affected by his or her goals, choices, values, emotions, and personality.Dr.Maxwell's research would fit under which psychological approach?

A)behaviorism
B)psychodynamic theory
C)positive psychology
D)Gestalt principles of perception

Question 9

Taking your clients' cultural beliefs and values into account when making diagnoses and before beginning therapy illustrates the importance of

A)social accommodation.
B)cultural relativity.
C)ethnocentrism.
D)cultural assimilation.

Question 10

Rules that define acceptable and expected behavior for members of various groups are called

A)social norms.
B)cultural laws.
C)universal norms.
D)cultural relational behaviors.

Question 11

Regarding social norms, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

A)Social norms are rules that define acceptable and expected behavior for members of various groups.
B)Social norms are influenced by cultural differences, age, ethnicity, gender, religion, disability, and sexual orientation.
C)The unstated standard for judging what is "average," "normal," or "correct" has often been the behavior of white, middle-class males.
D)All of these statements are true.

Question 12

Which type of psychologist would most likely study the improvement of children's memory as they age from three to 12 years?

A)an evolutionary psychologist
B)a comparative psychologist
C)a developmental psychologist
D)a gender psychologist

Question 13

Which of the following psychological approaches is matched correctly to its view of human nature?

A)humanistic------------------positive, philosophical view
B)psychodynamic------------neutral, scientific, somewhat mechanistic view
C)behavioristic---------------somewhat negative, pessimistic view
D)cognitive--------------------positive, philosophical view

Question 14

"I seek to understand the principles whereby a person's ability to think, speak, perceive, and learn changes as they go through their life span." This statement identifies one as a _____ psychologist.

A)physiological
B)social
C)developmental
D)sensory and perceptual

Question 15

When making diagnoses and conducting therapy, psychologists should

A)take into account their clients' personal differences regarding age, race, culture, ethnicity, gender, and sexual orientation.
B)use an unstated standard for judging what is normal for each individual.
C)ignore cultural differences and use one psychological perspective for viewing all clients.
D)use the behavior of the middle-class American male as a standard for assessing what is "average."

Question 16

Positive psychology

A)is the study of human strengths and virtues.
B)addresses topics like love, happiness, creativity, and achievement.
C)focuses on our potential for optimal functioning.
D)is characterized by all of these statements.

Question 17

Regarding psychology and cultural diversity, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

A)Currently, over 100 million Americans are African American, Hispanic, Asian American, Native American, or Pacific Islander.
B)In some large cities, "minority" groups are already the majority.
C)In the past, psychology was based mostly on the cultures of North America and Europe.
D)All of these statements are true.

Question 18

The _____ view of human nature emphasizes that behavior is related to when and where a person is born, grows up, and lives from day to day.

A)evolutionary
B)behavioristic
C)humanistic
D)sociocultural

Question 19

Behavioral theories, such as classical and operant conditioning, would be most important in which area of specialization?

A)learning
B)sensation and perception
C)comparative
D)biopsychology

Question 20

If you were to walk into a laboratory where the effects of intense punishment on a rat's ability to form a discrimination was being studied, you would be in the lab of a _____ psychologist.

A)learning
B)developmental
C)physiological
D)social

Question 21

The study of similarities and differences in the behavior of different species is called

A)biology.
B)comparative psychology.
C)environmental psychology.
D)differential psychology.

Question 22

Samantha is investigating the differences in the critical thinking and decision-making skills of people in different occupations.Samantha is most likely a

A)cognitive psychologist.
B)developmental psychologist.
C)psychologist studying sensation and perception.
D)learning theorist.

Question 23

Dr.Berka is studying how biology, child rearing, education, and societal stereotypes influence the differing behaviors exhibited by females and males in the workplace.Dr.Berka is most likely a(n)

A)comparative psychologist.
B)perceptual psychologist
C)gender psychologist.
D)evolutionary psychologist.

Question 24

The "fight or flight" branch of the autonomic nervous system would be of most interest to a

A)personality theorist.
B)sensory psychologist.
C)biopsychologist.
D)forensic psychologist.

Question 25

Dr.Graham is interested in studying the traits of creative problem-solvers.Dr.Graham would most likely be a

A)comparative psychologist.
B)personality theorist.
C)learning theorist.
D)psychologist who specializes in sensation and perception.

Question 26

A characteristic feature of research carried out by social psychologists is that it

A)is concerned with the effects of age and psychological growth.
B)includes topics such as arousal, EEG, biochemistry, and neurons.
C)includes topics such as attitudes, conformity, leadership, and prejudice.
D)is concerned with the design of machines to be used by people.

Question 27

A(n) _____ psychologist is studying how exposure to different kinds of play (e.g., with dolls versus blocks) affects the development of boys versus girls.

A)gender
B)comparative
C)learning
D)evolutionary

Question 28

"I am studying the different management styles of females CEOs versus male CEOs.Who am I?"

A)a comparative psychologist
B)a gender psychologist
C)a learning psychologist
D)a developmental psychologist

Question 29

Brain mechanisms involved in hunger and thirst would most likely be studied by a

A)personality theorist.
B)sensory psychologist.
C)learning theorist.
D)biopsychologist.

Question 30

The differences in persons exhibiting Type A and Type B behaviors would be of most interest to

A)comparative psychologists.
B)learning theorists.
C)personality theorists.
D)social psychologists.

Question 31

The domestication of various species of animals would be of primary importance to which area of specialization in psychology?

A)comparative psychology
B)developmental psychology
C)environmental psychology
D)forensic psychology

Question 32

"I am using a computer game in order to assess how the human mind makes decisions and stores information for future use.Who am I?"

A)a personality psychologist
B)a developmental psychologist
C)a social psychologist
D)a cognitive psychologist

Question 33

I investigate how people come to know the world through their visual ability.I also study how people interpret this visual information in order to recognize faces.Who am I?

A)a personality theorist
B)a developmental psychologist
C)a sensation and perception psychologist
D)a learning theorist

Question 34

Dr.Causey is interested in how the effects of dopamine levels impact schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease.Dr.Causey is most likely a

A)cognitive psychologist.
B)biopsychologist.
C)social psychologist.
D)forensic psychologist.

Question 35

A _____ psychologist might explore how we recognize someone's voice over the telephone through our interpretation of the pitch.

A)personality
B)comparative
C)learning
D)sensation and perception

Question 36

Comparative psychologists are primarily interested in

A)stimulus-response connections.
B)animal behavior.
C)the comparison of functional and behavioral psychology.
D)the comparison of different types of psychotherapy.

Question 37

_____ psychologists are primarily interested in how individuals remember, reason, and solve problems.

A)Comparative
B)Sensation and perception
C)Developmental
D)Cognitive

Question 38

Which area in psychology would be most likely to study the phenomena of friendships and peer influences?

A)social
B)comparative
C)physiological
D)school

Question 39

"I am studying how the human mind is able to interpret depth and distance when looking at a painting on a flat canvas.Who am I?"

A)a personality theorist
B)a comparative psychologist
C)a forensic psychologist
D)a theorist who studies sensation and perception

Question 40

Which type of psychologist would most likely study the behavior of gorillas or the communication abilities of porpoises?

A)biopsychologist
B)comparative psychologist
C)environmental psychologist
D)forensic psychologist

Question 41

A(n) _____ psychologist may study how human species went from eating with their fingers to using utensils.

A)learning
B)evolutionary
C)social
D)comparative

Question 42

Eastern societies emphasize the importance of cooperation over individuality.The reverse tends to be true in Western societies.These findings would be of primary interest to which group of psychologists?

A)cultural psychologists
B)learning theorists
C)forensic psychologists
D)comparative psychologists

Question 43

Most psychologists

A)are therapists in private practice.
B)work in clinics or hospitals.
C)are employed by the military.
D)are employed by schools, businesses, and social agencies.

Question 44

_____ would be most interested in finding ways to adapt traditional therapy techniques to meet the needs of clients from non-European ethnic groups.

A)Forensic psychologists
B)Cultural psychologists
C)Biopsychologists
D)Comparative psychologists

Question 45

Psychologists who specialize in the treatment of human emotional problems are called _____ psychologists.

A)psychiatric or neuro-
B)personality or developmental
C)clinical or counseling
D)comparative or experimental

Question 46

Manuel is a psychologist employed by the human relations department of a car manufacturer.He helps select job applicants and also helps to improve workplace conditions and work relationships so that the company can operate effectively.Manuel is most likely a(n) _____ psychologist.

A)personality
B)forensic
C)educational
D)industrial-organizational

Question 47

Amy holds a doctorate in psychology.She has recently been hired by a prominent teaching hospital to conduct research into finding the best therapeutic techniques for patients suffering from acute psychotic disorders, such as schizophrenia.Amy is most likely a

A)psychiatric social worker.
B)counseling psychologist.
C)clinical psychologist.
D)psychoanalyst.

Question 48

If you are interested in researching the reliability of eyewitness testimony, you are most likely a(n) _____ psychologist.

A)eclectic
B)forensic
C)personality
D)comparative

Question 49

Connie's job as a psychologist involves the use of psychological testing for the vocational counseling of students as well as to detect and treat learning disabilities.Connie is most likely a _____ psychologist.

A)personality
B)comparative
C)school
D)clinical

Question 50

Janie is a psychologist, who works for a cable network that regularly televises court proceedings and provides commentary for the viewers.Janie is most likely a(n)_____ psychologist.

A)eclectic
B)personality
C)forensic
D)comparative

Question 51

Regarding real psychologists and their portrayal in the media, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

A)Real psychologists follow an ethical code that stresses respect for people's privacy, dignity, confidentiality, and welfare.
B)Most psychologists "in real life" are employed by schools, businesses, and social agencies and are not in private practice as depicted in the movies.
C)Movies have features psychologists who were more disturbed than their patients or who followed unethical practices.
D)All of these statements are true.

Question 52

A _____ psychologist applies psychological principles to legal issues.

A)forensic
B)social
C)comparative
D)cognitive

Question 53

Jeremy is a psychologist working with a team of archeologists.By working with this team, he hopes to piece together the changes that have occurred in human parenting since the dawn of time.Jeremy is most likely which type of psychologist?

A)social psychologist
B)forensic psychologist
C)evolutionary psychologist
D)environmental psychologist

Question 54

A psychologist may

A)teach, do therapy, or conduct research.
B)have a doctorate or a master's degree.
C)serve as a consultant to businesses, schools, and social agencies.
D)be characterized by all of these.

Question 55

After a football game, several well-respected citizens of the community participate in tearing down the goal posts.This uncharacteristic behavior that occurs in groups would be of primary interest to

A)comparative psychologists.
B)developmental psychologists.
C)social psychologists.
D)cognitive psychologists.

Question 56

Will conducts applied research on the design of machinery, computers, airplanes, and automobiles for business, industry, and the military.Will is most likely a(n) _____ psychologist.

A)engineering
B)comparative
C)consumer
D)sensation and perception

Question 57

The term "shrink" is a slang expression for

A)a psychologist.
B)a psychiatrist.
C)a counselor or therapist.
D)all of these.

Question 58

Dr.Dauphine has been studying consistent trends in how males and females have selected their mates throughout the long history of humankind.Dr.Dauphine is most likely a(n) _____ psychologist.

A)evolutionary
B)developmental
C)personality
D)comparative

Question 59

Which of the following psychologists would most often engage in basic research?

A)experimental psychologist
B)school psychologist
C)counseling psychologist
D)industrial-organizational psychologist

Question 60

A psychologist who studies family dynamics and their effects on the behavior of individuals in different ethnic groups would probably be a(n) _____ psychologist.

A)learning
B)cultural
C)evolutionary
D)cognitive

Question 61

Aaron earned a Psy.D.This means that he will most likely be

A)employed by a university as a psychological researcher and professor.
B)conducting therapy at a community mental health clinic.
C)prescribing medication to severely disturbed patients.
D)visiting patients' homes to evaluate family and living conditions.

Question 62

Most clinical psychologists hold a Ph.D.degree and follow a scientist-practitioner model, which means they

A)must perform counseling in a scientific manner.
B)are encouraged to conduct research even after they become therapists.
C)are required to conduct therapeutic research in order to maintain their licenses.
D)are trained to do either scientific research or therapy.

Question 63

Regarding the profession of psychology, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)Psychology has been relatively immune from charlatans over the years.
B)Psychologists may choose whether or not to abide by the APA professional code.
C)Unlicensed persons may continue to practice "therapy" as long as they do not call themselves psychologists.
D)It is possible to purchase an inexpensive license and legally call oneself a psychologist.

Question 64

_____ psychologists tend to treat milder problems, such as poor adjustment at work or school.

A)Clinical
B)Counseling
C)Comparative
D)Social

Question 65

Psychology majors also tend to succeed in

A)sales and business.
B)management.
C)public affairs.
D)all of these.

Question 66

The APA professional code stresses that the psychologist must

A)have high levels of competence, integrity, and responsibility.
B)respect the client's rights to privacy, dignity, confidentiality, and personal freedom.
C)protect the client's welfare.
D)do all of these.

Question 67

The _____ degree in psychology emphasizes therapy skills rather than a research orientation.
A)Psy.D.

A)A.
B)Ph.D.
C)Ed.D.
D)

Question 68

Which mental health professional's activities includes visiting patients' homes, evaluating patients and their families, and conducting group psychotherapy?

A)psychiatrist
B)psychoanalyst
C)psychiatric social worker
D)comparative psychologist

Question 69

Individuals who would most enjoy becoming a psychologist

A)typically like planning and carrying out complex projects and activities.
B)tend to be emotionally stable.
C)have good communication skills.
D)tend to exhibit all of these characteristics.

Question 70

Before one can receive specialized training in Freudian psychoanalysis and become a psychoanalyst, one must first

A)have an M.D.or Ph.D.
B)be able to prescribe drugs.
C)earn a Psy.D.and become a licensed counselor.
D)have completed two years of supervised counseling experience in an institutional setting.

Question 71

Which of the following pairs of states now allows psychologists to legally prescribe drugs to their clients?

A)California and New York
B)Florida and West Virginia
C)Mississippi and Illinois
D)New Mexico and Louisiana

Question 72

Psychiatrists differ from psychologists because psychiatrists

A)are physicians with a specialization in abnormal behavior and psychotherapy.
B)are extensively trained in the theories and techniques of Sigmund Freud.
C)are generally more eclectic than psychologists.
D)have a Masters or Ph.D.degree with special training in psychological theory and research methods.

Question 73

Rosetta's family has a history of emotional problems related to hormonal disturbances.For some time now, Rosetta has been deeply depressed.She should probably seek the aid of a

A)counseling psychologist.
B)clinical psychologist.
C)psychiatrist.
D)psychoanalyst.

Question 74

Jessica earned a master's degree and then spent two years being supervised as she helped clients solve problems with their jobs and families.Jessica is most likely a

A)psychiatrist.
B)psychoanalyst.
C)counselor.
D)licensed psychiatric advisor.

Question 75

Miranda holds a master's degree and works with patients in clinics and hospitals as part of a therapeutic team.Her typical duties include evaluating patients and their families by visiting the patients' homes, schools, or workplaces to help alleviate their problems.Miranda is most likely which type of mental health professional?

A)psychoanalyst
B)psychiatric social worker
C)counselor
D)psychologist

Question 76

If a behavioral problem has a clearly identifiable physical cause, this problem should be treated by a

A)counseling psychologist.
B)clinical psychologist.
C)psychoanalyst.
D)psychiatrist.

Question 77

Which of the following psychological professionals is allowed to prescribe drugs in all 50 states of the United States?

A)counselor
B)therapist
C)psychiatrist
D)psychologist

Question 78

A practitioner with an M.D.or Ph.D.who receives intensive training in the theories of Freud is probably a

A)psychiatrist.
B)psychoanalyst.
C)clinical psychologist.
D)counseling psychologist.

Question 79

Individuals who would most enjoy becoming a psychologist

A)are good at recognizing patterns and drawing conclusions.
B)tend to be emotionally unstable.
C)are controlled and insensitive to others' pain and feelings.
D)tend to exhibit all of these characteristics.

Question 80

Use of which of the following titles is controlled by law (requires a license to practice)?

A)dream analyst
B)primal feeling facilitator
C)therapist
D)psychologist