Deck 7: Understanding and Reaching Global Consumers and Markets

Question 1

In what way is Dell's expansion into the global arena a departure from its standard operating procedure?

A)All Dell products will be manufactured in the countries in which they are sold.
B)All Dell products will be compatible with competitors' products and operating systems.
C)Dell's global expansion efforts will be focused towards emerging economies instead of established ones.
D)Dell will seek to penetrate the market at the expense of making profits until it obtains a 12% market share.
E)It will design and distribute the same product globally to take advantage of economies of scale.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Tariffs refer to

A)a reduction on or refusal to purchase goods from foreign nations with which a country has philosophical or ideological differences.
B)government taxes on goods or services entering a country that primarily serve to raise prices on imports tariffs.
C)a restriction placed on the amount of a product allowed to enter or leave a country.
D)a minimum requirement for the purchase between two or more nations, of products or services.
E)a refusal to purchase or exchange goods or services with another nation unless certain financial or ideological requirements have been satisfied.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

If you wanted to set up a business importing amber from Latvia to the United States, you would have to plan on paying the U.S.Customs Service roughly 20 percent of the value of the product as a(n) __________.

A)bribe
B)tariff
C)subsidy fee
D)excise tax
E)quota

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The U.S.Rice Millers' Association claims that if the Japanese rice market were opened to imports by lowering __________, lower prices would save Japanese consumers $6 billion annually, and the U.S.would gain a large share of the Japanese rice market.

A)boycotts
B)tariffs
C)quotas
D)sanctions
E)exchange subsidies

Question 5

FIGURE 7-1
The orange box in Figure 7-1 above should read

A)"increase world trade."
B)"decrease world trade."
C)"limit exports."
D)"limit imports."
E)"doubles protectionism."

Question 6

FIGURE 7-1
As shown in Figure 7-1 above, protectionism

A)"decrease world trade."
B)"increase world trade."
C)"limit exports."
D)"limit imports."
E)"doubles protectionism."

Question 7

Four major trends affecting world trade in the past decade are formal economic integration and free trade among nations, global competition among global companies for global customers, the emergence of networked global marketspace, and

A)a gradual decline in economic protectionism by individual countries.
B)a significant increase in economic protectionism and a decline in free trade.
C)redefined national boundaries and a more aggressive attitude towards initiating international tariffs and quota systems.
D)a decrease in most countries' GDPs and a renewal of nationalism.
E)an increase in most countries' GDPs coupled with an increased degree of consumer ethnocentrism.

Question 8

Recently the Japanese government, under pressure from its domestic farm lobby, slapped government taxes on mushrooms, leeks, and the reeds used in tatami mats that were being imported from China.Japan levied

A)GATT taxes.
B)quotas.
C)tariffs.
D)foreign excise taxes.
E)exchange subsidies.

Question 9

Why has Dell, Inc.embarked on a global growth initiative?

A)National sales have decreased.
B)Dell was recently purchased by a major Chinese competitor.
C)There is too much competition in Dell's direct marketing channel.
D)There are fewer restrictions in computer technology outside the U.S.
E)Emerging economies offer significant growth potential.

Question 10

Four major trends affecting world trade in the past decade are a gradual decline in economic protectionism exercised by individual countries, formal integration and free trade among nations, global competition among global companies for global customers, and

A)an increase in economic protectionism and a decline free trade.
B)redefined national boundaries and a more aggressive attitude towards initiating international tariffs and quota systems.
C)a decrease in most countries' GDPs and a renewal of nationalism.
D)emergence of networked global marketspace.
E)an increase in most countries' GDPs coupled with an increased degree of consumer ethnocentrism.

Question 11

A government tax on goods or services entering a country is referred to as a

A)GATT tax.
B)quota.
C)tariff.
D)foreign excise tax.
E)farm subsidy.

Question 12

President Bill Clinton attempted to protect American firms from foreign competition by placing a government tax on Japanese automobiles imported to the United States.President Clinton's goal was to raise the price on Japanese imports, thereby encouraging American consumers to purchase American-made automobiles.The tax the President threatened to impose is an example of a(n) __________.

A)boycott
B)tariff
C)quota
D)sanction
E)exchange subsidy

Question 13

Those in favor of protectionism advocate that protectionism

A)helps reduce tariffs and quotas.
B)safeguards a nation's economy from foreign competition.
C)encourages economic reliance on foreign countries.
D)creates opportunities for the outsourcing of domestic jobs.
E)creates a more favorable environment for a global economy.

Question 14

According to economists, protectionism

A)guards a nation's political security.
B)encourages economic reliance on foreign countries.
C)inhibits the development of domestic industries.
D)creates opportunities for the outsourcing of domestic jobs.
E)creates a more favorable environment for a global economy.

Question 15

The practice of shielding one or more sectors of a country's economy from foreign competition through the use of tariffs or quotas is referred to as

A)domestic imperialism.
B)protectionism.
C)blocked competition.
D)the rule of proprietary domain.
E)proportionality.

Question 16

Protectionism refers to

A)the practice of purchasing products exclusively from a domestic market in order to shore up a nation's economy.
B)the use of tariffs, quotas, and boycotts with the expressed intention of putting a foreign competitor out of business.
C)the practice of shielding one or more sectors of a country's economy from foreign competition through the use of tariffs or quotas.
D)a form of domestic imperialism that holds that only those products manufactured on one's home nation are of sufficient quality to warrant purchase.
E)the practice of purchasing products exclusively from a domestic market in order to cause intentional harm to an adversarial nation.

Question 17

Beginning January 1, 2005 China lifted the import quotas and lowered tariffs on automobiles.This removal of the quotas and the lowering of tariffs is an example of

A)recalling the rule of protective domain.
B)reducing ethnocentrism.
C)enhancing domestic imperialism.
D)reducing protectionism.
E)reducing blocked currency.

Question 18

Government taxes on goods or services entering a country that primarily serve to raise prices on imports are referred to as

A)tariffs.
B)quotas.
C)GATT taxes.
D)foreign excise taxes.
E)exchange subsidies.

Question 19

U.S citizens pay $5 billion more annually for shoes and Japanese citizens pay $6 billion more for rice than the actual cost of the products because

A)both countries have suffered major financial crises due to a severe trade imbalance.
B)both these countries have imposed tariffs on these goods to protect their domestic markets.
C)both countries have imposed limits on the quantity of these goods leaving the domestic market.
D)both products are considered essentials and as a result are more heavily taxed.
E)previously these products were purchased at a lower price from nations that currently are under governmental sanctions.

Question 20

Dell established its company primarily with direct telephone-and Internet-based sales.In terms of Dell's global expansion strategy, which of the following statements is most accurate?

A)Dell will sell its computers in "traveling" stores: custom-made trailers with solar energy panels that will allow them to reach remote marketplaces.
B)Dell will partner with each country's largest department stores and sell its computers in the small appliance department.
C)Dell will issue their own credit card through multi-national banks making it possible for customers who would not normally qualify for credit, to do so.
D)Dell will distribute its products through electronics retailers to reach more buyers quickly.
E)Dell will maintain the exact same strategies that brought them this far; they see no reason to "mess with success."

Question 21

The world's largest manufacturer of peppermint candy canes was in Albany, Georgia, until it could no longer afford to buy the sugar needed for its operation.It moved its manufacturing business to Mexico where there are no restrictions (as existed in the U.S.) on the amount of sugar that can be brought into the nation.The movement of this U.S.business to Mexico was caused by a(n) __________ established by the U.S.government.

A)tariff
B)restrictive tax
C)quota
D)excise tax
E)exchange subsidy

Question 22

CAFTA-DR, a comprehensive free trade agreement between Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and __________.

A)the United States
B)Panama
C)Belize
D)Cuba
E)the Canary Islands

Question 23

Which of the following statements about the World Trade Organization (WTO) is most accurate?

A)The World Trade organization is a temporary institution.
B)The 153 member countries of the WTO account for more than 97 percent of world trade.
C)The WTO sets rules governing trade between its members and the remainder of the world.
D)The WTO uses panels of trade experts who can issue non-binding recommendations.
E)The WTO was formed by the United Nations.

Question 24

Which of the following statements about the World Trade Organization (WTO) is most accurate?

A)The World Trade organization is a temporary institution.
B)The 153 member countries of the WTO account for less than 25 percent of world trade.
C)The WTO sets rules governing trade between its members and the rest of the world.
D)The WTO uses panels of trade experts who can issue non-binding recommendations.
E)The WTO was formed by the major industrialized nations of the world.

Question 25

When firms originate, produce, and market their products and services worldwide, it is referred to as __________.

A)acculturation
B)global competition
C)internationalization
D)global collaboration
E)transactional exchange

Question 26

There are __________ World Trade Organization countries, including the United States, which account for more than 97 percent of world trade.

A)37
B)52
C)97
D)113
E)153

Question 27

The best-known quota concerns the limits of __________ in many countries.

A)coffee beans
B)foreign automobiles
C)precious gems
D)crude oil
E)natural gas

Question 28

The __________ imposed on bananas by European Union countries cost consumers $2 billion a year in higher prices.

A)boycotts
B)tariffs
C)quotas
D)sanctions
E)exchange subsidies

Question 29

Which of the following statements about the World Trade Organization (WTO) is most accurate?

A)The World Trade organization is a temporary group that meets on an as needed basis.
B)The 153 member countries of the WTO account for approximately 55% of world trade.
C)The WTO sets rules governing trade between its members and the remainder of the world.
D)The WTO uses panels of trade experts who can issue binding decisions.
E)The WTO was formed by the United Nations.

Question 30

The North American Free Trade Agreement was designed to encourage free trade between

A)North America, Central America, and South America.
B)the United States, Canada, and Mexico.
C)the United States and the European Union.
D)member countries originally from NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization).
E)North America and The Commonwealth of Independent States.

Question 31

Which of the following statements about the World Trade Organization (WTO) is most accurate?

A)The World Trade organization is a temporary institution.
B)The 153 member countries of the WTO account for less than 25 percent of world trade.
C)The WTO sets rules governing trade among its members.
D)The WTO uses panels of trade experts who can issue non-binding recommendations.
E)The WTO was formed by the United Nations.

Question 32

The European Union consists of 27 member countries.This single market houses more than __________ million consumers with a combined GDP larger than that of the United States.

A)100
B)200
C)300
D)400
E)500

Question 33

A restriction placed on the amount of a product allowed to enter or leave a country is referred to as a

A)quota.
B)tariff.
C)GATT tax.
D)restrictive tax.
E)foreign excise tax.

Question 34

Which of the following statements about the World Trade Organization (WTO) is most accurate?

A)The WTO is a permanent institution that sets rules governing trade between its members.
B)The WTO sets rules governing trade between its members and the remainder of the world.
C)The 153 member countries of the WTO account for approximately 55% of world trade.
D)The WTO uses panels of trade experts who can issue non-binding recommendations.
E)The WTO was formed by the United Nations.

Question 35

The EU has benefited its member nations because most tariffs that affect pricing practices have been removed, fewer regulatory restrictions on transportation, advertising, and promotion imposed by countries; and

A)there is a credit reserve of funds to protect against world recessions.
B)there is a common language advantage amongst EU consumers.
C)most companies within the union are becoming global partnerships.
D)there is a legally binding enforcement code for misconduct.
E)firms do not need to market their products and services on a nation-by-nation basis.

Question 36

The EU has benefited its member nations by providing the free flow of goods, services, capital, and labor across borders within the EU.It has created abundant marketing opportunities because it is no longer necessary to

A)print material in multiple languages.
B)continually monitor exchange rates.
C)trade with communist countries.
D)obey international trade regulations.
E)use the American dollar as an economic standard.

Question 37

A permanent institution that sets rules governing trade between its members through a panel of trade experts who decide on trade disputes between members and issue binding decisions is referred to as the __________.

A)League of Nations
B)World Trade Organization (WTO)
C)Association for Commerce Equity (ACE)
D)United Nations Board of Trade (UNBT)
E)Global Better Business Bureau

Question 38

World Trade Organization (WTO) refers to

A)the world's largest banking institution responsible for establishing and maintaining equitable exchange rates for all member nations.
B)the world's largest licensing institution responsible for the certification of products distributed to a global market.
C)a permanent institution that sets rules governing trade between its members through panels of trade experts who decide on trade disputes between members and issue binding decisions.
D)a multinational trade organization comprised of the world's wealthiest nations whose primary purpose is to aid in the economic growth of developing nations.
E)a multinational trade organization comprised of the world's wealthiest nations whose primary purpose is to promote free trade economies.

Question 39

The European Union is an economic and political union of __________ member countries located primarily in Europe that have eliminated most barriers to the free flow of goods, services, capital and labor across their borders.

A)17
B)20
C)27
D)30
E)37

Question 40

Quota refers to

A)a government tax on goods or services entering a country that primarily serves to raise prices on imports.
B)a reduction on or refusal to purchase goods from foreign nations with which a country has philosophical or ideological differences.
C)a restriction placed on the amount of a product allowed to enter or leave a country.
D)a minimum requirement for the purchase between two or more nations, of products or services.
E)a refusal to purchase or exchange goods or services with another nation unless certain financial or ideological requirements have been satisfied.

Question 41

In terms of the global marketplace there are three primary types of companies: international firms, __________ firms, and transnational firms.

A)large-scale
B)conglomerate
C)intercontinental
D)cosmopolitan
E)multinational

Question 42

Many international firms, multinational firms, and transnational firms have administrative marketing, and manufacturing operations (often called __________) around the world.

A)divisions or subsidiaries
B)cells or divisions
C)allotment or partitions
D)unions or subsidiaries
E)distributions or subsidiaries

Question 43

Generally speaking, a(n) __________ firm markets their existing products and services in other countries the same way they do in their home country.

A)polycentric
B)international
C)multinational
D)transnational
E)foreign exporter

Question 44

Multidomestic marketing strategy refers to

A)the strategy used by firms that have as many different product variations, brand names, and advertising programs as countries in which they do business.
B)the strategy used by firms that use the same product variations, brand names, and advertising programs for every country in which they do business.
C)the strategy of transnational firms that employ the practice of standardizing marketing activities when there are cultural similarities and adapting them when cultures differ.
D)the strategy of seeking out already established firms in other nations and selling them the rights to manufacture and distribute the firm's products through host nation's established infrastructure.
E)the strategy currently used by most U.S.domestic firms that when entering a new international market to select products that require the least amount of product adaptation or consumer education.

Question 45

FIGURE 7-2
Pepsi-Cola, now available in more than 190 countries and territories.Figure 7-2 above-"How to make jeans last 10 years" - is targeted at

A)supermodels
B)pop stars
C)weight-conscious consumers
D)teenagers
E)aspiring actors

Question 46

When firms originate, produce, and market their products and services worldwide, it is referred to as __________.

A)acculturation
B)global competition
C)internationalization
D)global collaboration
E)transactional exchange

Question 47

Companies that use a(n) ___________ marketing strategy have as many different product variations, brand names, and advertising programs as countries in which they do business.

A)ethnocentric
B)multidomestic
C)transnational
D)polycentric
E)international

Question 48

The strategy used by firms that have as many different product variations, brand names, and advertising programs as countries in which they do business is referred to as a(n)

A)ethnocentric orientation.
B)multidomestic strategy.
C)transnational marketing.
D)polycentric marketing.
E)multi-market strategy.

Question 49

Three types of companies populate and compete in the global marketplace: international firms, multinational firms, and __________ firms.

A)multi-ethnic
B)transnational
C)polycentric
D)ethnocentric
E)decentralized

Question 50

A(n) __________ firm engages in trade and marketing in different countries as an extension of the marketing strategy in its home country.

A)polycentric
B)foreign expansion
C)international
D)multinational
E)transnational

Question 51

Mars, America's second-largest candy company began doing business in Russia in the late 1980s.The Snickers bar is one of the top selling candies in Russia and is marketed in much the same way as it is in the United States.Mars is most likely a(n) __________ firm.

A)international
B)multidomestic
C)transnational
D)multi-ethnic
E)multinational

Question 52

Pepsi-Cola, now available in more than 190 countries and territories, accounts for __________ percent of all soft drinks sold internationally.

A)10
B)15
C)20
D)25
E)30

Question 53

In terms of the global marketplace there are three primary types of companies: international firms, multinational firms, and transnational firms.The key factor that distinguishes one from another is

A)the firm's financial capacity to take risks.
B)the willingness and ability to embrace diversity.
C)the firm's orientation toward and strategy for global markets and marketing.
D)the relative position of the product or service in terms of its life cycle.
E)the relative size of the firm both in financial terms and in production capacity.

Question 54

A firm that views the world as consisting of unique parts and markets to each part differently is referred to as a(n)

A)economic expansion firm.
B)foreign expansion firm.
C)international firm.
D)multinational firm.
E)transnational firm.

Question 55

In terms of the global marketplace there are three primary types of companies: international firms, multinational firms, and __________ firms.

A)transnational
B)domestic
C)intercontinental
D)worldwide
E)cosmopolitan

Question 56

U.S.appliance manufacturers find that different customs about shopping must be used to determine product design.For instance, people in Northern Europe shop only once a week, so they need bigger refrigerators than Southern Europeans who shop daily.Furthermore, Northern Europeans insist that freezers should be on the top just as loudly as Southern Europeans insist that freezers should be on the bottom.Other regions use their appliances differently and have other different product demands.Given this information, you should conclude U.S.appliance manufacturers would be more likely successful if they used a(n) __________ marketing strategy.

A)ethnocentric
B)multidomestic
C)transnational
D)polycentric
E)international

Question 57

In terms of the global marketplace there are three primary types of companies: __________, multinational firms, and transnational firms.

A)worldwide
B)conglomerate
C)transnational
D)international
E)cosmopolitan

Question 58

A(n) __________ firm views the world as one market and emphasizes universal consumer needs and wants more than differences among cultures.

A)transcontinental
B)multidomestic
C)international
D)multinational
E)transnational

Question 59

Global competition refers to

A)when a firm produces and markets its products worldwide rather than in its own domestic market.
B)when firms originate, produce, and market their products and services worldwide.
C)when two firms from two different countries compete for market share in their own domestic markets.
D)when two or more firms from different nations combine their resources to market products globally.
E)when the firm from one nation dominates the market for that product in every other nation.

Question 60

Lever Europe, a division of Unilever, markets its fabric softener known as Snuggle in the United States in 10 European countries under seven brand names, including Kuschelweich in German, Coccolino in Italy, and Mimosin in France.These products have different packages, different advertising programs, and occasionally different formulas.From this information we can assume that Lever Europe is a(n) __________ company.

A)ethnocentric
B)multidomestic
C)transnational
D)polycentric
E)international

Question 61

Personally or socially preferable modes of conduct or states of existence that tend to persist over time are referred to as __________.

A)customs
B)ethics
C)values
D)culture
E)beliefs

Question 62

Which of the following statements about the emergence of a networked global marketspace is most accurate?

A)The chief advantage of the global marketspace over the traditional bricks-and-mortar stores for customers is the ability to shop anywhere, at any time, and at the lower cost.
B)More business-to-consumer marketing is done on the Internet than business-to-business marketing.
C)The most active participants in the networked global marketspace are companies in developing nations.
D)All business in the networked global marketspace is conducted in English or Unispeak.
E)Marketspace creates an unfair competitive environment for emerging nations.

Question 63

Global brand refers to

A)two or more domestic products that coincidentally share the same brand name but represent two completely unrelated products or manufacturers.
B)two or more international products that coincidentally share the same brand name but represent two completely unrelated products or manufacturers.
C)a brand marketed under the same name in multiple countries with similar and centrally coordinated marketing programs.
D)a product that is essentially the same, but that has had minor adaptations made to meet the more specific needs of different nations.
E)a brand marketed under different names in multiple countries with similar and centrally coordinated marketing programs.

Question 64

Which of the following types of firms would be most likely to use a global marketing strategy?

A)multidomestic
B)multinational
C)multicountry
D)transnational
E)transborder

Question 65

Which of the following statements regarding global brands is most accurate?

A)A global brand is marketed under the same name in multiple countries.
B)A global brand has dispersed marketing centers, each responsible for a specific region.
C)A global brand alters product formulation or service for each geographical region.
D)A global brand delivers the multiple benefits based on the GDP of each country.
E)A global brand is a collaborative effort amongst several different national firms.

Question 66

Based on a study of 6,500 teens in 26 countries, when asked what country had the most influence on their attitudes and purchase behavior, 54 percent of teens from the United States, 87 percent of those from Latin America, and 80 percent of the Europeans, and 80 percent of those from Asia named

A)the United States.
B)the United Kingdom.
C)Japan.
D)France.
E)Russia.

Question 67

The strategy of transnational firms that employ the practice of standardizing marketing activities when there are cultural similarities and adapting them when cultures differ are referred to as a(n)

A)global marketing strategy.
B)integrated marketing strategy.
C)transnational marketing strategy.
D)pancentric marketing strategy.
E)international marketing strategy.

Question 68

Values refer to

A)personally or socially held beliefs that are consistent within a given culture.
B)the beliefs that dictate a person's behavior often derived from a religious code of conduct.
C)personally or socially preferable modes of conduct or states of existence that tend to persist over time.
D)the innate sense of what a person considers being right or wrong in terms of his or her own conduct when dealing with others.
E)personal traits regarding honesty and integrity and ones preferable modes of conduct or states of existence that have been passed down from generation to generation.

Question 69

Global marketing strategy refers to

A)the strategy of transnational firms not to employ adaptive marketing techniques when there are cultural differences, but to redefine their target markets instead.
B)the strategy of transnational firms not to employ adaptive marketing techniques when there are cultural differences, but to redirect their marketing resources towards customer education.
C)the strategy of transnational firms that employ the practice of standardizing marketing activities when there are cultural similarities and adapting them when cultures differ.
D)the strategy of seeking out already established firms in other nations and selling them the rights to manufacture and distribute the firm's products through the host nation's established infrastructure.
E)the strategy currently used by most U.S.domestic firms that when entering a new international market to select products that require the least amount of product adaptation or consumer education.

Question 70

Global consumers refer to

A)consumer groups living in many countries or regions of the world that have similar needs or seek similar features and benefits from products or services.
B)customers within a nation who consider the entire globe their personal marketplace basing their purchases on product value.
C)all potential consumers for any and all products or services regardless of cultural, ethnic, or national origins.
D)consumer groups living in many countries or regions of the world that have similar needs but seek customized features and benefits, from products or services that reflect their individual cultures.
E)multinational organizations whose products incorporate raw materials, assembly, and distribution contributions from multiple nations before they go to market.

Question 71

A brand marketed under the same name in multiple countries with similar and centrally coordinated marketing programs is referred to as a(n)

A)global brand.
B)international brand.
C)multinational brand.
D)transnational brand.
E)multinational product category.

Question 72

Global marketing strategies are popular among many __________ marketers.

A)business-to-business
B)business-to-consumers
C)consumers-to-consumers
D)business-to-government
E)consumers-to-government

Question 73

Cross-cultural analysis refers to

A)a study that determined that consumers use basically the same criteria when purchasing gifts for their families regardless of their country or culture.
B)a study that determined that consumers use basically the same criteria when purchasing raw materials for industrial use.
C)the study of similarities and differences among consumers in two or more nations or societies.
D)the study of buying behaviors within a given nation to identify similarities and differences.
E)the study of buying behaviors within a given nation that links a person's actions to the cultural group with which he or she identify most.

Question 74

Which of the following statements about global brands is most accurate?

A)A global brand is marketed under different names but uses identical ads for all markets.
B)A global brand has centrally coordinated marketing programs.
C)A global brand alters product formulation or service for each geographical region.
D)A global brand delivers multiple benefits based on the GDP of each country.
E)A global brand is a collaborative effort amongst several different national firms.

Question 75

A global brand is a brand marketed under the same name in multiple countries with similar and centrally coordinated marketing programs.Global brands have the same product formulation or service concept, deliver the same benefits to consumers, and use consistent advertising across multiple countries and cultures.However, adaptations of global brands are made

A)if required by government regulations in the host market, but for no other reason.
B)only in its initial introduction into a market and only until the brand is recognized.
C)by domestic competitors causing brand confusion and loss of market share.
D)only when necessary to better connect the brand to consumers in different markets.
E)when there is a serious drop in market share.

Question 76

Four trends have significantly affected world trade and global marketing.The use of __________ as a tool for exchanging goods, services, and information on a global scale is the fourth trend affecting world trade.

A)telephone communications
B)Internet technology
C)language translators
D)tariff and quota policies
E)multinational marketing strategies

Question 77

Customer groups living in many countries or regions of the world that have similar needs or seek similar features and benefits from products or services are referred to as

A)global consumers.
B)nondomestic consumers.
C)international consumers.
D)multinational consumers.
E)transnational consumers.

Question 78

The appreciation of fashion, music, and a desire for novelty and trendier designs and images

A)are preferences found more in American teenagers than in most other cultures.
B)actually begins at age 10, but begins to decline significantly, as students enter high school.
C)ironically is found more for teenagers who cannot afford to make those purchases than for those who can.
D)are preferences of teenagers around the world regardless of whether they live in Europe, North America, or South America.
E)once established, rarely if ever changes, which is why identifying these consumers is so important.

Question 79

The study of similarities and differences among consumers in two or more nations or societies is referred to as __________.

A)market synthesis
B)cross-cultural analysis
C)international sociographics
D)transnational anthropology
E)multicultural psychographics

Question 80

Thirteen to nineteen year olds in Europe, North and South America, and the industrialized nations of Asia

A)are more similar than different regarding their purchase behavior.
B)are becoming more similar, but still differ significantly in terms of fashion and design.
C)are rebelling against the Americanization of fashion and culture.
D)have some very different appreciation of fashions and music.
E)are more and more influenced by Asian culture than European culture.