Deck 3: Cellular Form and Function

Question 1

Both the nucleus and the mitochondrion are surrounded by a two layer membrane.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Which of the following statements is not a tenet of modern cell theory?

A)An organism's structure and all of its functions are ultimately due to the activities of its cells.
B)All cells come only from preexisting cells.
C)All cells occupy space.
D)All organisms are composed of cells and cell products.
E)The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Ribosomes are made of proteins and RNA.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

A cell's second messengers serve to transport material through the plasma membrane.

Question 5

Cells that are thick in the middle and tapered toward the end are called __________ cells.

A)squamous
B)stellate
C)columnar
D)spheroid
E)fusiform

Question 6

In the plasma membrane,glycolipids and glycoproteins face toward the cytoplasm,while peripheral proteins always face toward the ECF.

Question 7

Most human cells range from 10 to 15 micrometers in diameter.What limits how large a cell can get?

A)A cell's lifespan
B)Nutrients available in the environment of a cell
C)The relationship between its volume and length
D)The relationship between its length and surface area
E)The relationship between its volume and surface area

Question 8

In most cells,the nucleus is the largest organelle.

Question 9

Na⁺-K⁺ ATPase is a countertransport antiport carrier,which always requires energy.

Question 10

The most important advantage of the transmission electron microscope (TEM)over the light microscope (LM)is its higher resolution.

Question 11

Cells were first discovered when a scientist named __________ observed cell walls in cork under a microscope.

A)Robert Hooke
B)Theodor Schwann
C)Louis Pastuer
D)Galen
E)Galileo

Question 12

The Golgi complex makes peroxisomes,but not lysosomes.

Question 13

The greater the concentration gradient,the faster the diffusion rate.

Question 14

The sodium-glucose transport protein (SGLT)is one example of an active transport process involving a uniport carrier.

Question 15

A crystal of calcium phosphate in the cytoplasm of a cell should be classified as an inclusion.

Question 16

One example of pinocytosis is the uptake of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs)by endothelial cells.

Question 17

The fluid outside of a cell is called __________.

A)cytosol
B)intracellular fluid
C)extracellular fluid
D)cytoplasm
E)nucleoplasm

Question 18

Microvilli and cilia differ in their function,but have the same internal structure.

Question 19

Ligand-gated ion channels are membrane proteins that open or close in response to the binding of a chemical.

Question 20

If a cell doubled in diameter,it would have twice as much cytoplasm to maintain.

Question 21

Although the transmission electron microscope (TEM)can magnify much more than a light microscope,even at identical magnifications the TEM has the advantage of __________.

A)being able to produce photographs of the specimen
B)being able to work in a vacuum
C)being able to show individual molecules
D)producing higher resolution
E)working better with thinner tissue specimens

Question 22

The fuzzy coat of carbohydrates on the outer surface of the plasma membrane that functions in cell identification is called the __________.

A)brush border
B)glycocalyx
C)cholesterol coat
D)phospholipid bilayer
E)cell-adhesion molecule

Question 23

Channel protein gates respond to all these stimuli except __________.

A)chemical messengers
B)ligands
C)changes in electrical potential (voltage) across the plasma membrane
D)physical deformation of the plasma membrane
E)water in the extracellular fluid

Question 24

A receptor protein in the plasma membrane will not bind to just any chemical in the extracellular fluid,but only to certain ones.This property is called _________.

A)selectivity
B)specificity
C)efficacy
D)saturation
E)fidelity

Question 25

_____________ is the process in which ____________ forces water and small solutes,such as salts,through narrow clefts between capillary cells.

A)Filtration; hydrostatic pressure
B)Osmosis; hydrostatic pressure
C)Active transport; osmotic pressure
D)Active transport; hydrostatic pressure
E)Osmosis; osmotic pressure

Question 26

Proteins that do not protrude into the phospholipid bilayer,but adhere to the surface of the plasma membrane,are called __________.

A)peripheral proteins
B)channel proteins
C)glycoproteins
D)integral proteins
E)transmembrane proteins

Question 27

The most abundant molecules in the plasma membrane are __________.

A)glycolipids
B)phospholipids
C)prostaglandins
D)proteins
E)cholesterol molecules

Question 28

The plasma membrane is mostly made of molecules that have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.These molecules are called _________.

A)proteoglycans
B)glycolipids
C)glycoproteins
D)phospholipids
E)lipoproteins

Question 29

Two solutions are separated by a selectively permeable membrane.If solution A has a higher concentration of a nonpermeating solute than solution B,then __________.

A)the solute will pass down its concentration gradient from solution A to B
B)the solute will pass down its concentration gradient from solution B to A
C)water will pass down its concentration gradient from solution A to B
D)water will pass down its concentration gradient from solution B to A
E)neither the solute nor water will diffuse

Question 30

In the glycocalyx,__________ act like identification tags that enable the body to distinguish its own cells from foreign and diseased cells.

A)glycoproteins
B)lipoproteins
C)cholesterol molecules
D)phospholipids
E)cell-adhesion molecules

Question 31

Membrane proteins that bind to signals by which cells communicate are called __________.

A)receptors
B)enzymes
C)carriers
D)cell-identity markers
E)cell-adhesion molecules

Question 32

ATP is consumed when __________ transfer solutes from one side of the membrane to the other.

A)receptors
B)pumps
C)cell-adhesion molecules
D)channels
E)cell-identity markers

Question 33

Most transmembrane proteins have ___________ regions facing the intra- and extracellular fluid,and __________ regions embedded in the phospholipid bilayer.

A)hydrophilic; hydrophilic
B)hydrophilic; hydrophobic
C)hydrophobic; hydrophobic
D)hydrophobic; hydrophilic
E)lipophilic; lipophobic

Question 34

In its second-messenger role,cAMP activates enzymes called _________,whose job is to regulate other enzymes by adding phosphate groups to them.

A)transmembrane proteins
B)peripheral proteins
C)kinases
D)glycocalyx
E)blockers

Question 35

Which of the following is not one of the three basic components of a cell?

A)Cytoplasm
B)Nucleus
C)Plasma membrane
D)Interstitial fluid

Question 36

The plasma membrane of cells lining the small intestine has __________,which are specialized for absorption of nutrients.

A)flagella
B)cilia
C)microvilli
D)a glycocalyx
E)dynein arms

Question 37

The flat-shaped cells found covering the skin are _________ in shape.

A)cuboidal
B)columnar
C)cylindrical
D)squamous
E)spherical

Question 38

Water flows through a selectively permeable membrane in a process called __________,but water molecules cross the membrane more easily through channels of transmembrane proteins called __________.

A)osmosis; water pumps
B)osmosis; aquaporins
C)osmosis; uniport
D)filtration; aquaporins
E)filtration; water pumps

Question 39

A protein that is bound to a carbohydrate is called a _________.

A)phosphoprotein
B)proteocalyx
C)glycoprotein
D)lipoprotein
E)phospholipid

Question 40

__________ provide motility to a sperm cell,__________ act as sensory "antennae" in many cells,and ____________ increase a cell's surface area.

A)Cilia; microvilli; flagella
B)Microvilli; cilia; flagella
C)Microvilli; flagella; cilia
D)Flagella; microvilli; cilia
E)Flagella; cilia; microvilli

Question 41

The term _____________ refers to a membrane that allows some things to pass through it,but not others.

A)selectively permeable
B)glycocalyx
C)phospholipid bilayer
D)specificity
E)carrier-mediated

Question 42

Which of the following is not a function of the Na⁺-K⁺ pump?

A)Heat production
B)Transport of Na⁺ into the cell and K⁺ out of the cell
C)Secondary active transport
D)Regulation of cell volume
E)Maintenance of membrane potential

Question 43

The plasma membrane is permeable to _________,but impermeable to ___________.

A)nutrients; wastes
B)proteins; nutrients
C)phosphates; wastes
D)nutrients; proteins
E)wastes; nutrients

Question 44

Which of these is an example of active transport?

A)Diffusion of oxygen from a place of high concentration to a place of lower concentration
B)Facilitated diffusion of K⁺
C)Transport of glucose down its concentration gradient
D)Transport of Na⁺ from a place of low concentration to a place of higher concentration
E)Transport of Cl^- following its concentration gradient

Question 45

A patient was severely dehydrated,losing a large amount of fluid.The patient was given intravenous fluids of normal saline.Normal saline is ________ to your blood cells and is about __________ NaCl.

A)isotonic; 9%
B)isotonic; 0.9%
C)hypertonic; 9%
D)hypotonic; 0.9%
E)hypotonic; 9%

Question 46

White blood cells engulf bacteria by means of __________.

A)phagocytosis
B)cotransport
C)pinocytosis
D)active transport
E)receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 47

Sodium and glucose are transported together from the intestinal lumen into an intestinal cell.The carrier protein is a(n)__________ and the process is called ____________.

A)symport; cotransport
B)symport; countertransport
C)antiport; countertransport
D)antiport; cotransport
E)uniport; facilitated diffusion

Question 48

A red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution.This means the concentration of solutes in the solution is __________ than the concentration of solutes in the intracellular fluid,and will cause the cell to ______________.

A)higher; swell
B)lower; swell
C)higher; shrink
D)lower; shrink
E)lower; burst

Question 49

Insulin is taken up,via endocytosis,by the endothelial cells that line blood capillaries.Then,it's transported across the cell to the other side,where it is released.This transport is called __________.

A)pinocytosis
B)receptor-mediated phagocytosis
C)passive transport
D)facilitated transport
E)transcytosis

Question 50

Which of these brings nonspecific material into a cell?

A)Phagocytosis
B)Receptor-mediated endocytosis
C)Transcytosis
D)Pinocytosis
E)Exocytosis

Question 51

Which of the following is not a membranous organelle?

A)Mitochondria
B)Ribosome
C)Nucleus
D)Endoplasmic reticulum
E)Golgi complex

Question 52

Muscle cells contain numerous __________ to serve their high demand for ATP.

A)ribosomes
B)lysosomes
C)mitochondria
D)inclusions
E)Golgi vesicles

Question 53

Which of the following is not a method by which particles can leave a cell?

A)Active transport
B)Exocytosis
C)Simple diffusion
D)An antiport system
E)Pinocytosis

Question 54

Which of the following processes could occur only through the plasma membrane of a living cell?

A)Facilitated diffusion
B)Simple diffusion
C)Filtration
D)Osmosis
E)Active transport

Question 55

What function would immediately cease if the ribosomes of a cell were destroyed?

A)Exocytosis
B)Active transport
C)Ciliary action
D)Protein synthesis
E)Osmosis

Question 56

What do facilitated diffusion and active transport have in common?

A)Both involve transport of a solute up its concentration gradient.
B)Both involve transport of a solute down its concentration gradient.
C)Both involve the use of energy provided by ATP.
D)Neither require ATP to function.
E)Both are examples of carrier-mediated transport.

Question 57

The number of particles of a solute in a solution is described by its ____________.The ability of a solution to affect the fluid volume in a cell is referred to as its __________.

A)tonicity; osmolarity
B)osmolarity; diffusion
C)osmolarity; tonicity
D)osmolarity; molarity
E)tonicity; diffusion

Question 58

The sodium-potassium (Na⁺-K⁺)pump transports both sodium and potassium __________ their concentration gradients in a process called ____________.

A)up; active transport
B)up; facilitated transport
C)up; cotransport
D)down; active transport
E)down; countertransport

Question 59

Among other functions,hepatocytes (liver cells)are specialized for detoxifying drugs or other chemicals.Hepatocytes have large amounts of __________.

A)DNA
B)smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C)microtubules
D)cilia
E)centrioles

Question 60

What organelle is most active in causing programmed cell death?

A)Rough endoplasmic reticulum
B)Nucleus
C)Centriole
D)Lysosome
E)Mitochondrion

Question 61

Which of the following organelles is not involved in protein synthesis?

A)Smooth ER
B)Rough ER
C)The Golgi complex
D)The nucleus
E)Ribosomes

Question 62

Which of the following is not associated with the composition of the cytoskeleton?

A)Microfilaments
B)Microtubules
C)Cilia
D)Intermediate filaments
E)Terminal web

Question 63

_________ decompose fatty acids,and detoxify alcohol,free radicals,and drugs.

A)Lysosomes
B)Microvilli
C)Inclusions
D)Peroxisomes
E)Golgi vesicles

Question 64

__________ play an important role in cell division,and they are made of __________.

A)Mitochondria; microtubules
B)Ribosomes; intermediate filaments
C)Nucleoli; microfilaments
D)Centrioles; microtubules
E)Inclusions; centrosomes

Question 65

Accumulated cell products that are never enclosed in a unit membrane are called ____________.

A)organelles
B)inclusions
C)microtubules
D)microfilaments
E)centrioles

Question 66

__________ synthesize(s)carbohydrates and put(s)finishing touches on proteins synthesized at __________.

A)Smooth ER; rough ER
B)The Golgi complex; rough ER
C)Smooth ER; the Golgi complex
D)The Golgi complex; smooth ER
E)Ribosomes; smooth ER

Question 67

Which of the following is a double-membraned organelle consisting of a matrix and cristae?

A)Mitochondrion
B)Rough ER
C)Smooth ER
D)Golgi complex
E)Nucleolus

Question 68

Which organelle synthesizes steroids in the ovary and stores calcium in muscle cells?

A)Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
B)Rough endoplasmic reticulum
C)Nucleus
D)Mitochondrion
E)Golgi complex

Question 69

Which of the following is not considered an inclusion?

A)Lysosome
B)Fat droplet
C)Glycogen granule
D)Bacterium
E)Dust particle

Question 70

Which of the following organelles sorts,cuts,splices,and packages newly formed proteins into membrane-bound vesicles?

A)Smooth ER
B)Rough ER
C)Golgi complex
D)Mitochondrion
E)Nucleolus

Question 71

Which of the following gives a cell structural support,determines the shape of a cell,and directs the movement of substances through a cell?

A)Cholesterol
B)The nucleus
C)The plasma membrane
D)The Golgi complex
E)The cytoskeleton