Deck 5: Data Collection and Sampling

Question 1

In designing a survey,demographic questions must be avoided.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

A self-selected sample is one in which the individuals choose themselves to be in the sample.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Which of the following statements is true regarding the design of a good survey?

A)The questions should be kept as short as possible.
B)A mixture of dichotomous,multiple-choice,and open-ended questions may be used.
C)Leading questions must be avoided.
D)All of these choices are true.

Answer 3

All of these choices are true.

Question 4

"Wouldn't you agree that foreign cars are better than American cars?" is an example of a well-worded survey question.

Question 5

In a(n)____________________ study,individuals are randomly assigned to different treatments and the results are compared.

Question 6

An observational study involves collecting data about persons or objects by recording information about their selected characteristics of interest.

Question 7

Which method of data collection is involved when a researcher counts and records the number of students wearing backpacks on campus in a given day?

A)An experiment.
B)A survey.
C)Direct observation.
D)None of these choices.

Question 8

A marketing research firm selects a random sample of adults and asks them a list of questions regarding their beverage preferences. What type of data collection is involved here?

A)An experiment.
B)A survey.
C)Direct observation.
D)None of these choices.

Question 9

The response rate of a survey is the proportion of all people who were selected but did not complete the survey.

Question 10

Self-administered surveys usually have a high response rate.

Question 11

Which of the following data collection methods is not observational?

A)A personal interview.
B)A telephone interview.
C)A self-administered questionnaire.
D)An experiment.

Question 12

An experiment involves collecting data about persons or objects by deliberately exposing them to some kind of change and comparing the results.

Question 13

The personnel director at a large company studied the eating habits of the company's employees.The director watched and recorded whether each employee brought his/her own lunch to work,
Ate at the company cafeteria,or went out to lunch.What method of data collection was used here?

A)Direct observation.
B)An experiment.
C)A survey.
D)A personal interview.

Question 14

In a(n)____________________ study,there is no attempt to control factors that might influence the variable of interest.

Question 15

A question on a survey that was not answered is an example of an open-ended question.

Question 16

A researcher conducts a study where she divides subjects into two groups,gives each group a certain treatment, and records their responses.What type of data collection is being used here?

A)An experiment.
B)Direct observation.
C)A survey.
D)A census.

Question 17

Experimental data tend to be more reliable,or "stronger," than survey data.

Question 18

A self-selected sample is the group of individuals who were randomly selected to be in the sample,then agreed to participate in the study.

Question 19

Which of the following must be avoided in designing a survey?

A)Dichotomous questions.
B)Leading questions.
C)Demographic questions.
D)All of these choices are true.

Question 20

The ____________________ rate is the proportion of people in the sample who completed the survey.

Question 21

Describe the difference between an observational study and an experimental study.

Question 22

A survey is an example of a(n)____________________ study.

Question 23

In a self-administered survey,the individuals in the sample are typically contacted by ____________________.

Question 24

Gender,occupation,and age are all examples of ____________________ variables.

Question 25

Soft Drinks ​ A soft drink manufacturer has been supplying its products in bottles to grocery stores and in cans to small convenience stores.The company is analyzing sales of this product to determine which type of packaging is preferred by customers. ​ ​
{Soft Drink Narrative} Outline a better method for designing this study,so the same types of stores don't get the same types of packaging.

Question 26

Self-selected samples have no bias because they are chosen by the people themselves.

Question 27

Discuss one advantage and one disadvantage of a self-administered survey as a method of data collection.

Question 28

Smoking and Heart Attacks ​ A medical researcher is interested in investigating the relationship between smoking and heart attacks ​ ​
{Smoking and Heart Attacks Narrative} What type of studies are plausible in this particular scenario,observational studies or experiments?

Question 29

Briefly discuss three methods of conducting a survey of people.

Question 30

Smoking and Heart Attacks ​ A medical researcher is interested in investigating the relationship between smoking and heart attacks ​ ​
{Smoking and Heart Attacks Narrative} How can you show that smoking causes heart attacks without being able to do a designed experiment?

Question 31

Two types of interviews that are used to collect data are ____________________ interviews and
____________________ interviews.

Question 32

Soft Drinks ​ A soft drink manufacturer has been supplying its products in bottles to grocery stores and in cans to small convenience stores.The company is analyzing sales of this product to determine which type of packaging is preferred by customers. ​ ​
{Soft Drink Narrative} Is this study observational or experimental? Explain.

Question 33

Selection bias occurs when researchers select biased questions to include on a survey.

Question 34

Give three important points to consider when designing a questionnaire.

Question 35

A cluster sample occurs when you randomly select groups,and for each group selected,you sample every single member of that group.

Question 36

A person receives a mail survey and shreds it without opening it.This causes nonresponse error.

Question 37

The larger the sample size is,the more accurate we can expect our sample estimates to be.

Question 38

Smoking and Heart Attacks ​ A medical researcher is interested in investigating the relationship between smoking and heart attacks ​ ​
{Smoking and Heart Attacks Narrative} Briefly describe how the researcher might design an observational study to investigate the relationship between smoking and heart attacks

Question 39

List one advantage and one disadvantage of a telephone interview as a method of data collection.

Question 40

List one advantage and one disadvantage of a personal interview as a method of data collection.

Question 41

A sampling error can be reduced by taking a larger sample size.

Question 42

Which of the following types of samples is almost always biased?

A)Simple random samples.
B)Stratified random samples.
C)Cluster samples.
D)Self-selected samples.

Question 43

Selection bias is a systematic tendency to favor including individuals with particular characteristics,while excluding individuals with other characteristics.

Question 44

Which of the following causes sampling error?

A)Taking a random sample from a population instead of studying the entire population.
B)Making a mistake in the process of collecting the data.
C)Nonresponse bias.
D)All of these choices are true.

Question 45

A nonsampling error can be caused by the wording of a question.

Question 46

Sampling error is the result of a mistake made during the sampling process.

Question 47

To reduce sampling error,minimize the chance for bias to occur during sampling.

Question 48

When the population is divided into mutually exclusive sets,and then a simple random sample is drawn from each set,this is called:

A)simple random sampling.
B)stratified random sampling.
C)cluster sampling.
D)selection bias.

Question 49

A simple random sample is chosen in such a fashion that every possible subset of the same size has an equal chance of being selected.

Question 50

A target population and a sampled population mean the same thing.

Question 51

When responses are not obtained from some members of the sample,bias is introduced.

Question 52

The manager of the customer service division of a major consumer electronics company is interested in determining whether the customers who have purchased a videocassette recorder over the past 12 months are satisfied with their products.If there are 4 different brands of videocassette recorders made by the company,the best sampling strategy would be to use a:

A)simple random sample.
B)stratified random sample.
C)cluster sample.
D)self-selected sample.

Question 53

Nonresponse error occurs when responses are not obtained from some members of the sample.

Question 54

Nonresponse error occurs when someone was not selected to participate in the survey.

Question 55

Cluster samples typically cost less but they also increase sampling error.

Question 56

Sampling error refers to the difference between the sample and the population that exists only because of the observations that happened to be selected for the sample.

Question 57

A self-selected sample represents the sampled population but not the target population.

Question 58

The target population is the population about which we want to draw inferences and conclusions,while the sampled population is the actual population from which the sample has been taken.

Question 59

When every possible sample with the same number of observations is equally likely to be chosen,the result is called a:

A)simple random sample.
B)stratified random sample.
C)cluster sample.
D)biased sample.

Question 60

A pharmaceutical company interested in measuring how often physicians prescribe a certain drug has selected a simple random sample from each of two groups: M.D.(Medical Doctors)and D.O.(Osteopaths).What is this type of sampling called?

A)Simple random sampling.
B)Cluster sampling.
C)Stratified random sampling.
D)None of these choices.

Question 61

Give an example of a poll that involves a self-selected sample.

Question 62

Briefly describe three types of nonsampling errors.

Question 63

A(n)____________________ sample is obtained by separating the population into groups and taking a simple random sample from each group.

Question 64

Which of the following types of samples should not be used to make good statistical inferences from a sample to a population?

A)Stratified random samples.
B)Self-selected samples.
C)Cluster samples.
D)All of these choices are true.

Question 65

Excluding some members of the target population results in ____________________ bias.

Question 66

Proper interviewer training helps to reduce ____________________ error.

Question 67

The Chairman of a College of Business with five departments wants to estimate the average number of student-hours lost per month due to illness of their professors.Describe a sampling plan that will help the Dean compare the average student-loss hours for the five departments.

Question 68

Pollsters want to know what percentage of all registered voters in Missoula,Montana,intend to vote in the next election.They visit with 350 people at the downtown shopping mall during one afternoon and ask each person whether or not they intend to vote.Are the target population and the sampled population the same in this case? Explain.

Question 69

Which of the following situations lends itself to cluster samples?

A)When it is difficult to develop a complete list of the population members.
B)When the population members are widely dispersed.
C)When selecting and collecting data from a simple random sample is too costly.
D)All of these choices are true.

Question 70

____________________ sampling is particularly useful when it is difficult or costly to develop a complete list of the population members.

Question 71

Which of the following describes selection bias?

A)A leading question is selected for inclusion in the survey.
B)Some members of the target population are excluded from possible selection for the sample.
C)A person selected for the sample has a biased opinion about the survey.
D)All of these choices are true.

Question 72

Which of the following is an example of a nonsampling error?

A)Some incorrect responses are recorded.
B)Responses are not obtained from all members of the sample.
C)Some members of the target population cannot possibly be selected for the sample.
D)All of these choices are true.

Question 73

What is meant by a self-selected sample? Why are self-selected samples not desirable?

Question 74

To give away a door prize,the hostess of a Tupperware party put each person's name into a hat,mixed them up,and selected one name.What sampling method was used?

A)Simple random sample
B)Systematic sample
C)Stratified random sample
D)Cluster sample

Question 75

The Admissions Officer from a large university mailed a survey to 600 students selected at random.The sample was designed to include 150 students randomly selected from each of the freshman,sophomore,junior,and senior classes on campus.What sampling method was used?

A)Simple random sample
B)Systematic sample
C)Stratified random sample
D)Cluster sample

Question 76

A senator wants to estimate the mean age of registered voters in her state.Unfortunately,she does not have a complete list of households in her state.Describe a sampling plan that would be suitable for her purposes.

Question 77

The difference between a sample mean and the population mean is called:

A)nonresponse error.
B)selection bias.
C)sampling error.
D)nonsampling error.

Question 78

____________________ error refers to differences between the sample and the population.

Question 79

____________________ error results from the failure to collect data from all subjects in the sample.

Question 80

____________________ error is due to mistakes made in the acquisition of data.