Deck 5: Periodicity and the Atomic Structure of Atoms

Question 1

According to the Balmer-Rydberg equation,electromagnetic radiation with the shortest wavelength will be emitted when an electron undergoes which of the following transitions?

A)m = 1 → n = 2
B)m = 2 → n = 3
C)n = 2 → m = 1
D)n = 3 → m = 2

Answer 1

n = 2 → m = 1

Question 2

What is the frequency of a helium-neon laser light with a wavelength of 632.8 nm? The speed of light is 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s.

A)4)74 × 10¹⁴ s^-1
B)4)74 × 10⁵ s^-1
C)2)11 × 10^-15 s^-1
D)1)58 × 10^-15 s^-1

Answer 2

4)74 × 10¹⁴ s^-1

Question 3

Photochemists use electromagnetic radiation to initiate chemical reactions,often by providing the energy required to break bonds within a molecule.Lowering which of the following will result in electromagnetic radiation having more energy per photon?

A)amplitude
B)frequency
C)intensity
D)wavelength

Answer 3

wavelength

Question 4

According to the Balmer-Rydberg equation,which transition results in the emission of a photon in the ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic radiation spectrum?

A)m = 1 → n = 2
B)m = 3 → n = 4
C)m = 2 → n = 1
D)m = 4 → n = 3

Question 5

An old copper penny has a mass 3 × 10²² times that of a copper atom.Compare the de Broglie wavelength of a penny moving at 0.5 m/s to that of a copper atom moving 10⁴ times as fast.The wavelength for the

A)copper atom is 3 × 10¹⁸ times that of the penny.
B)copper atom is 3 × 10²⁶ times that of the penny.
C)penny is 3 × 10¹⁸ times that of the copper atom.
D)penny is 3 × 10²⁶ times that of the copper atom.

Question 6

What is a quantum of light called?

A)the amplitude
B)the frequency
C)a photon
D)the wavelength

Question 7

Light can be made to have a higher intensity by raising its

A)amplitude.
B)energy.
C)frequency.
D)wavelength.

Question 8

A quantized variable

A)can be continuously varied.
B)can only assume certain values.
C)consists of photons.
D)is extremely small.

Question 9

Arrange the following spectral regions in order of increasing wavelength:
Infrared,microwave,ultraviolet,visible.

A)microwave < infrared < visible < ultraviolet
B)microwave < visible < infrared < ultraviolet
C)ultraviolet < infrared < visible < microwave
D)ultraviolet < visible < infrared < microwave

Question 10

A person is most likely to experience serious biological effects when exposed to which of the following forms of electromagnetic radiation?

A)Microwaves
B)infrared
C)Ultraviolet
D)X-rays

Question 11

The wave characteristics of a large,moving object,such as an automobile,are difficult to observe because the

A)energy is not quantized.
B)energy is quantized,but the spacing between energy levels is small.
C)wavelength is very large.
D)wavelength is very small.

Question 12

Which of the following is not quantized?

A)the charge on a monatomic ion
B)the distance between two objects
C)the population of the United States
D)the static charge on a balloon rubbed with wool

Question 13

What is the de Broglie wavelength of an electron (m = 9.11 × 10^-31 kg)moving at a velocity of
3)0 × 10⁷ m/s (10% of the speed of light)?

A)less than 3.9 × 10^-12 m
B)2)4 × 10^-11 m
C)3)3 × 10^-8 m
D)greater than 1.1 × 10^-4 m

Question 14

The greater the energy of a photon,the

A)longer the wavelength and the higher the frequency.
B)longer the wavelength and the lower the frequency.
C)shorter the wavelength and the higher the frequency.
D)shorter the wavelength and the lower the frequency.

Question 15

According to the Balmer-Rydberg equation,the transition from n = 6 to m = 2 results in a spectral line having which color?

A)blue
B)blue-green
C)indigo
D)red

Question 16

According to the Balmer-Rydberg equation,electromagnetic radiation with wavelength λ = 486.1 nm will be absorbed when an electron undergoes which of the following transitions?

A)m = 2 → n = 3
B)m = 2 → n = 4
C)n = 3 → m = 2
D)n = 4 → m = 2

Question 17

Dentists employ light-cured materials to fill cavities.The wavelength of electromagnetic radiation used to photopolymerize restorative materials falls in the ultraviolet or visible region,depending on the instrument employed.Which of these wavelengths is in the UV region?

A)31 nm
B)350 nm
C)430 nm
D)1030 nm

Question 18

What is the de Broglie wavelength of a 300-g object moving at a velocity of 50 m/s (about 100 mph)?

A)4 × 10^-38 m
B)4 × 10^-35 m
C)4 × 10⁹ m
D)4 × 10¹² m

Question 19

Arrange the following spectral regions in order of increasing energy:
Infrared,microwave,ultraviolet,visible.

A)microwave < infrared < visible < ultraviolet
B)microwave < visible < infrared < ultraviolet
C)ultraviolet < infrared < visible < microwave
D)ultraviolet < visible < infrared < microwave

Question 20

Of the following,which has the shortest de Broglie wavelength?

A)an airplane moving at a velocity of 300 mph
B)a helium nucleus moving at a velocity of 1000 mph
C)a nitrogen molecule moving at a velocity of 1000 mph
D)a nitrogen molecule moving at a velocity of 5000 mph

Question 21

Which of the following is not a valid set of quantum numbers?

A)n = 2,l = 1,m_l = 0,and m_s = -1/2
B)n = 2,l = 1,m_l = -1,and m_s = -1/2
C)n = 3,l = 0,m_l = 0,and m_s = 1/2
D)n = 3,l = 2,m_l = 3,and m_s = 1/2

Question 22

How many electrons can a single orbital hold?

A)2n
B)2
C)2l + 1
D)8

Question 23

If the quantum number m_s had possible values ±1,±2,what would be the maximum number of electrons that be placed in a single orbital?

A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four

Question 24

The intensity of a beam of light is related to its

A)frequency.
B)relative number of photons.
C)speed.
D)wavelength.

Question 25

Which orbitals do not have a node at the nucleus?

A)all beyond the first shell
B)all but s
C)none
D)s

Question 26

How many h orbitals are allowed in a given shell?

A)5
B)6
C)11
D)13

Question 27

What are the possible values of l if n = 5?

A)5
B)0,1,2,3,or 4
C)-4,-3,-2,-1,0,+1,+2,+3,or +4
D)-5,-4,-3,-2,-1,0,+1,+2,+3,+4,or +5

Question 28

An electron in a 4p orbital can have a wave function with which of the following set of quantum numbers, (n,l,m_l,m_s)?

A)(4,0,0,1/2)
B)(4,1,-1,-1/2)
C)(5,4,1,-1/2)
D)(5,4,4,1/2)

Question 29

How many orbitals are there in the seventh shell?

A)6
B)7
C)21
D)49

Question 30

The number of orbitals in a given subshell,such as the 5d subshell,is determined by the number of possible values of

A)n)
B)l)
C)m_l.
D)m_s.

Question 31

The subshell designations follow the alphabet after f.What is the first shell in which an h orbital would be allowed?

A)fifth
B)sixth
C)seventh
D)eighth

Question 32

Which orbitals have two nodal planes passing through the nucleus?

A)s
B)p
C)d
D)all in the third shell

Question 33

What are the possible values of n and m_l for an electron in a 5d orbital?

A)n = 1,2,3,4,or 5 and m_l = 2
B)n = 1,2,3,4,or 5 and m_l = -2,-1,0,+1,or +2
C)n = 5 and m_l = 2
D)n = 5 and m_l = -2,-1,0,+1,or +2

Question 34

For an electron in a given atom,the larger n,the

A)larger the average distance from the nucleus and the higher the orbital energy.
B)larger the average distance from the nucleus and the lower the orbital energy.
C)smaller the average distance from the nucleus and the higher the orbital energy.
D)smaller the average distance from the nucleus and the lower the orbital energy.

Question 35

A baseball with a mass of 150 g is moving at a velocity of 40 m/s (90 mph).If the uncertainty in the velocity is 0.1 m/s,the uncertainty in position

A)may be zero.
B)must be less than or equal to 4 × 10^-33 m.
C)must be 4 × 10^-33 m.
D)must be greater than or equal to 4 × 10^-33 m.

Question 36

An oxygen molecule has a mass of 5.3 × 10^-26 kg and an approximate diameter of 3.6 × 10^-10 m.If the molecule is moving at 400 m/s (1000 mph)with an uncertainty in velocity of 1 m/s,the uncertainty in position

A)is less than or equal to 5 × 10^-26 m.
B)must be equal to 5 × 10^-26 m.
C)must be equal to 1 × 10^-9 m.
D)is greater than or equal to 1 × 10^-9 m.

Question 37

Which of the following is not true?

A)All moving objects have wave characteristics.
B)For objects moving at a given speed,the larger the mass,the shorter the wavelength.
C)The de Broglie relation and the Heisenberg uncertainty principle apply only to small particles.
D)The Heisenberg uncertainty principle is an inequality.

Question 38

How many subshells are there in the shell with n = 6?

A)5
B)6
C)15
D)36

Question 39

According to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle,

A)the position of a particle cannot be measured precisely.
B)the momentum of a particle cannot be measured precisely.
C)neither the position nor the momentum of a particle can be measured precisely.
D)the position and momentum of a particle can be measured precisely,but not at the same time.

Question 40

Which of the following is true?

A)The Bohr atom is the model currently accepted for electrons in atoms.
B)Electrons travel around the nucleus in circular orbits.
C)There is a 5% chance of finding an electron in an atom outside its orbital.
D)The square of the wave function gives the probability of finding the electron.

Question 41

What is the first ionization energy for a hydrogen atom in the ground state? The Rydberg constant is
1)097 × 10^-2 nm^-1.

A)7)27 × 10^-36 J
B)1)63 × 10^-27 J
C)2)18 × 10^-18 J
D)0)00823 J

Question 42

Which of the following represent electron configurations that are allowed but do not represent ground-state configurations?
(A)[Ne]3s¹3p⁵ (B)[Kr]4d¹²5s²5p³ (C)[Ar]3d¹⁰4s²4p²

A)only (A)
B)only (B)
C)(A)and (B)
D)(B)and (C)

Question 43

Which of the following represent electron configurations that violate the Pauli exclusion principle?
(A)[Ne]3s¹3p⁵
(B)[Kr]4d¹²5s²5p³
(C)[Ar]3d¹⁰4s²4p²

A)only (A)
B)only (B)
C)(A)and (B)
D)(B)and (C)

Question 44

Which has the highest Z_eff for its valence electrons?

A)Na
B)K
C)Si
D)Cl

Question 45

The absorption of a photon of wavelength 4.67 × 10^-6 m is necessary for a CO molecule to pass from the lowest vibrational energy level to the next highest vibrational level.If this higher vibrational level has an energy of 6.41 × 10^-20 J,what is the energy of the lowest vibrational level?
H = 6.626 × 10^-34 J ∙ s

A)1)60 × 10^-20 J
B)2)15 × 10^-20 J
C)3)20 × 10^-20 J
D)4)26 × 10^-20 J

Question 46

For hydrogen,what is the wavelength of the photon emitted when an electron drops from a 4d orbital to a 2p orbital in a hydrogen atom? The Rydberg constant is 1.097 × 10^-2 nm^-1.

A)656.3 nm
B)486.2 nm
C)364.6 nm
D)2)057 × 10^-3 nm

Question 47

Within a given shell of a multielectron atom,the lower l for an orbital,the

A)higher the orbital energy and the higher Z_eff for the electron.
B)higher the orbital energy and the lower Z_eff for the electron.
C)lower the orbital energy and the higher Z_eff for the electron.
D)lower the orbital energy and the lower Z_eff for the electron.

Question 48

Which of the following elements would you predict to have an anomalous electron configuration?

A)Ag
B)Ce
C)Se
D)Sr

Question 49

The first vibrational level for NaH lies at 1.154 × 10^-20 J and the second vibrational level lies at 3.406 × 10^-20 J.What is the frequency of the photon emitted when a molecule of NaH drops from the second vibrational level to the first vibrational level?

A)1)742 × 10¹³ Hz
B)3)399 × 10¹³ Hz
C)5)140 × 10¹³ Hz
D)6)882 × 10¹³ Hz

Question 50

For an orbital,a node is

A)the midpoint of the orbital.
B)a surface inside which there is a 90% chance of finding the electron.
C)a surface where there is a maximum probability of finding the electron.
D)a surface where there is no chance of finding the electron.

Question 51

What is the number of spherical nodes in a 4s orbital?

A)zero
B)two
C)three
D)four

Question 52

The symbol [Kr] represents

A)4s²4p⁶.
B)1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²4p⁶.
C)1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d¹⁰4s²4p⁶.
D)1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d¹⁰4s²4p⁶4d¹⁰.

Question 53

For a particular orbital,as one goes away from the nucleus along the z-axis,the probability density decreases to zero,then increases,and finally decreases without increasing a second time.This is consistent with a

A)2s orbital.
B)2p_z orbital.
C)2s or a 2p_z orbital.
D)3s orbital.

Question 54

The absorption of light of frequency 1.16 × 10¹¹ Hz is required for CO molecules to go from the lowest rotational energy level to the next highest rotational energy level.Determine the energy for this transition in kJ/mol.h = 6.626 × 10^-34 J ∙ s

A)7)69 × 10^-23 kJ/mol
B)0)0463 kJ/mol
C)46.3 kJ/mol
D)949 kJ/mol

Question 55

Which of the following is true? The probability density

A)for all s orbitals is independent of direction from the nucleus.
B)for all s orbitals is independent of distance from the nucleus.
C)is independent of direction from the nucleus for 1s orbitals only.
D)is independent of distance from the nucleus for 1s orbitals only.

Question 56

Molecular vibrational energy transitions are observed in the infrared,molecular rotational transitions in the microwave,and electronic transitions in the ultraviolet-visible range.Which transitions require the most energy and which the least energy?

A)Electronic transitions require the least energy and vibrational transitions the most.
B)Rotational transitions require the least energy and electronic transitions the most.
C)Vibrational transitions require the least energy and electronic transitions the most.
D)Vibrational transitions require the least energy and rotational transitions the most.

Question 57

For a hydrogen atom,which electronic transition would result in the emission of a photon with the highest energy?

A)2s → 3p
B)3p → 6d
C)4p → 2s
D)5f → 3d

Question 58

Which statement is false?

A)For any atom,the 4s orbital lies lower in energy than the 5s orbital.
B)For a hydrogen atom,a 4s orbital,a 4p orbital,and a 4d orbital all have the same energy.
C)The 4s orbital lies lower in energy than the 3d orbital for atoms K,Ca,Sc,and Ti.
D)The 4s orbital lies lower in energy than the 3d orbital for Cu and Fe²⁺.

Question 59

The Balmer-Rydberg equation can be extended to ions with only one electron,such as He⁺.In that case it has the form: 1/λ = Z²R(1/m² - 1/n²),where Z is the atomic number.What is the energy of the photon required to promote an electron in He⁺ from a 1s orbital to a 2p orbital?

A)(3/4)hcR
B)3hcR
C)4hcR
D)12hcR

Question 60

For a multielectron atom,a 3s orbital lies lower in energy than a 3p orbital because

A)a 3p orbital has more nodal surfaces than a 3s orbital.
B)other electrons more effectively shield electrons in the 3s orbital from the nucleus.
C)other electrons more effectively shield electrons in the 3p orbital from the nucleus.
D)there are more p orbitals than s orbitals in a given shell.

Question 61

Which of the following have their valence electrons in the same shell?

A)K,As,Br
B)B,Si,As
C)N,As,Bi
D)He,Ne,F

Question 62

Wave (b)has the

A)higher amplitude and greater intensity than wave (a).
B)higher amplitude and weaker intensity than wave (a).
C)lower amplitude and greater intensity than wave (a).
D)lower amplitude and weaker intensity than wave (a).

Question 63

Of the following,which atom has the smallest atomic radius?

A)Mg
B)S
C)Sr
D)Te

Question 64

What is the general valence-electron ground-state electron configuration for neutral alkaline earth metals?

A)ns¹
B)ns²
C)1s²2s¹
D)1s²2s²

Question 65

What is the ground-state electron configuration of tellurium?

A)[Kr]4d¹⁰5s²5p⁴
B)[Kr]5s²5p⁶5d⁸
C)[Kr]5s²5p⁴
D)[Kr]4f¹⁴4d¹⁰5s²5p⁴

Question 66

Wave (a)has the

A)longer wavelength and higher energy than wave (b).
B)longer wavelength and lower energy than wave (b).
C)shorter wavelength and higher energy than wave (b).
D)shorter wavelength and lower energy than wave (b).

Question 67

Which element has the ground-state electron configuration [Xe]6s²5d¹4f⁷?

A)Pt
B)Eu
C)Gd
D)Tb

Question 68

List all the elements that have a ground-state configuration with five unpaired electrons in the 3d subshell.

A)Mn,Fe,Co,Cu,and Zn
B)Cr and Mn
C)Cr
D)Mn

Question 69

What is the ground-state electron configuration of Co?

A)[Ar]3d⁹
B)[Ar]4s¹3d⁸
C)[Ar]4s²3d⁷
D)[Ar]4s²4p⁶4d¹

Question 70

The element Mn has how many valence electrons?

A)2
B)5
C)7
D)25

Question 71

Of the following,which atom has the largest atomic radius?

A)Na
B)Cl
C)K
D)Br

Question 72

Wave (b)has the

A)higher frequency and higher energy than wave (a).
B)higher frequency and lower energy than wave (a).
C)lower frequency and higher energy than wave (a).
D)lower frequency and lower energy than wave (a).

Question 73

Which have the largest number of unpaired electrons in p orbitals in their ground-state electron configurations?

A)N,P,As
B)F,Cl,Br
C)Ne,Ar,Kr
D)Te,I,Xe

Question 74

The element In has how many valence electrons?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)13

Question 75

Which of the following have the same number of valence electrons?

A)K,As,Br
B)B,Si,As
C)N,As,Bi
D)He,Ne,F

Question 76

How many unpaired electrons are in an atom of Co in its ground state?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)7

Question 77

Which atom in each group (I and II)has the smallest atomic radius?
(I)Sr,Zr,I (II)N,P,As

A)Sr;N
B)Sr;As
C)I;N
D)I;As

Question 78

A neutral sulfur atom has how many valance electrons?

A)2
B)4
C)6
D)16

Question 79

Molybdenum has an anomalous electron configuration.Write the electron configuration of Mo using shorthand notation.

A)[Kr] 5s⁰ 4d⁶
B)[Kr] 5s⁰ 4d⁰ 5p⁶
C)[Kr] 5s¹ 4d⁵
D)[Kr] 5s² 4d⁴

Question 80

Wave (a)has the

A)longer wavelength and higher frequency than wave (b).
B)longer wavelength and lower frequency than wave (b).
C)shorter wavelength and higher frequency than wave (b).
D)shorter wavelength and lower frequency than wave (b).