Deck 4: Energy and Physical Properties

Question 1

Consider a bowling ball with the same diameter and volume as a soccer ball. Both are sitting still on the top of table. Both have the same potential energy.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Which of the following increases as temperature increases?

A)kinetic energy
B)attractive forces
C)potential energy
D)none of the above

Answer 2

kinetic energy

Question 3

Which of the following is the smallest unit of thermal energy?

A)calorie
B)Calorie
C)joule
D)kilojoule

Answer 3

joule

Question 4

Specific heat is the conversion factor that allows for the calculation of energy based on temperature changes.

Question 5

The following is a mathematical expression of Guy-Lussac's law.

Question 6

The specific heat of ice is 0.480 cal/g°C. How much heat will it take to raise the temperature of 22.50 g of ice from -30.0 °C to -20.0°C?

A)108 cal
B)216 cal
C)324 cal
D)469 cal

Question 7

Either the Kelvin or the Celsius temperature scale can be used in gas law calculations.

Question 8

In order to convert a pressure in atmospheres to torr, the following conversion factor should be used.

Question 9

Below is the structure of the amino acid, serine. Four hydrogen atoms in the compound can form hydrogen bonds.

Question 10

Consider two identical soccer balls. Ball A is kicked and attains a velocity 25 m/sec. Ball B is kicked and attains a velocity of 15 m/sec. At these velocities, Ball A has the greater kinetic energy.

Question 11

The law of conservation of energy states which of the following?

A)Energy cannot be converted from one form to another.
B)Kinetic energy is conserved.
C)Potential energy is conserved.
D)none of the above

Question 12

Butane is a gas at room temperature (25 °C). The boiling point of butane is probably greater than 25 °C.

Question 13

The two compounds below have the same molecular formula. One would expect A to stronger dispersion forces than B.

Question 14

The two compounds below have the same molecular formula. One would expect A to have a higher boiling point than B.

Question 15

The pressure of a gas is dependent on temperature.

Question 16

Oxygen, nitrogen and helium are present in a container in which the total pressure is 735 torr. If the pressure of oxygen is 135 torr, that of helium is 55 torr, the pressure of nitrogen is 545 torr.

Question 17

To convert from joules to kilojoules, move the decimal in the number three places to the right.

Question 18

One would expect a compound with the molecular formula C₄H₁₀ to have a lower boiling point than one with the formula C₇H₁₆.

Question 19

Which of the following is true as a student slides down a waterslide?

A)Their kinetic energy decreases.
B)Their potential energy increases.
C)Their total energy increases.
D)none of the above

Question 20

Diethyl ether historically was used as an anesthetic. Currently, it is a very important solvent. The freezing point and boiling point of diethyl ether are -116 °C and 37 °C, respectively. Diethyl ether is a solid at 0 °C.

Question 21

Ethylene dichloride is an effective cooling agent when allowed to evaporate. The heat of vaporization is 85.3 cal/g. How much heat could be removed from the skin if 4.25g of ethylene dichloride were sprayed on and allowed to evaporate?

A) cal
B) cal
C) cal
D)

Question 22

When alcohol is mixed with water which is the solvent?

A)the alcohol
B)the water
C)The substance present in larger amount.
D)The substance present in smaller amount.

Question 23

The heat of vaporization of water is 540 cal/g. What mass of water at 100.0 °C can be vaporized by the addition of 55.0 kcal of heat?

A)0.19 g
B)55 g
C) g
D)102 g

Question 24

In which of the following processes does the energy of the water increase?

A)water freezes
B)steam condenses to the liquid
C)water evaporates
D)water sublimes
E)both c and d

Question 25

Which of the following best describes the relationship of molecules in a liquid with those in a gas at the same temperature?

A)Molecules in the liquid are much closer together than those in the gas.
B)Molecules in the liquid have less kinetic energy than those in the gas.
C)Molecules in the liquid are moving faster than those in the gas on the average.
D)Both a and b are correct.
E)All of the above are correct.

Question 26

Glycerol changes its shape to conform to its container and has a fairly high density. Glycerol is a:

A)solid.
B)liquid.
C)gaseous.
D)either b or c

Question 27

Examine the following representation of a change of state.
Which of the following is the correct term for this change?

A)freezing
B)sublimation
C)evaporation
D)boiling
E)melting

Question 28

Which of the following phase changes does not involve a solid?

A)evaporation
B)melting
C)sublimation
D)freezing

Question 29

Convert 0.662 atm to millibars.

A)377 millibar
B)671 millibar
C) millibar
D)0.497 millibar

Question 30

Which of the following molecules cannot engage in hydrogen bonding?

A)CH₄
B)NH₃
C)H₂O
D)All of them can hydrogen bond.

Question 31

Which of the following is a type of heterogeneous mixture?

A)suspension
B)solution
C)colloid
D)solvent

Question 32

Air pressure can be expressed in which of the following units?

A)atmosphere
B)pascal
C)torr
D)any of these

Question 33

In which state of matter are the attractive forces between molecules the weakest?

A)solid
B)liquid
C)gas
D)None, the attractive forces are about the same in all.

Question 34

Which of the following is the strongest intermolecular attractive force?

A)ion-ion attractions
B)dipole-dipole attractions
C)dispersion forces
D)hydrogen bonds

Question 35

Which of the following correctly arranges the physical states of matter (gas - g, solid - s, liquid - l) in order of increasing energy of the particles (lowest to highest)?

A)g < l < s
B)g < s < l
C)l < g < s
D)s < l < g

Question 36

On a stove we have two pots of water at the boiling point. Pot 1 contains 1 L of water and pot 2 contains 2 L of water. Which of the following statements is true?

A)Pot 2 is at a higher temperature than pot 1.
B)Pot 2 has a larger thermal energy content than pot 1.
C)Both have the same thermal energy content.
D)Both a are b are true.

Question 37

Which of the following molecules is most likely to be a gas at room temperature?

A)PH₃
B)PCl₃
C)PBr₃
D)PI₃

Question 38

Which of the following does not affect the boiling point of a liquid?

A)the formula weight of the liquid molecules
B)the shape of the liquid molecules
C)the intermolecular forces between the liquid molecules
D)All of the above affect the boiling point.

Question 39

At high altitudes atmospheric pressure is lower than at sea level. Which of the following is true?

A)Boiling water is cooler in Denver than in New York.
B)Boiling water is hotter in Denver than in New York.
C)Water boils at the same temperature in Denver and New York.
D)We cannot predict the relationship between the boiling points in the two cities.

Question 40

Potassium phosphate, K₃PO₄, is a solid at room temperature and is soluble in water. Which of the following statements is correct?

A)K₃PO₄ is an electrolyte.
B)K⁺ and PO₄^3- ions are solvated by water.
C)K₃PO₄ completely dissociates in water.
D)All of the above are correct.

Question 41

In the following sentences,fill in the blanks with the appropriate terms from the list below.
high
low
electrolyte
nonelectrolyte
ion-ion attraction
dipole-dipole attraction
hydrogen bond
dispersion force
This substance is water-soluble. A solution of this compound in water would be classified as a(n)_______________________.

Question 42

In the following sentences,fill in the blanks with the appropriate terms from the list below.
high
low
electrolyte
nonelectrolyte
ion-ion attraction
dipole-dipole attraction
hydrogen bond
dispersion force
The melting point of a solid composed of the particles shown in the image will be _________________.

Question 43

A balloon with a volume of 5.65 L at room temperature (25°C) is placed in insulated container that is cooled with dry ice where the temperature is -19°C. What is the volume of the balloon in the container when its temperature reaches -19°C? Assume no change in pressure.

A)6.63 L
B)4.29 L
C)7.43 L
D)4.82 L

Question 44

A metal gas cylinder is filled with compressed helium at a pressure 2.50 atm when the temperature is 37°C. What is the temperature in Celsius degrees when the pressure in the cylinder changes to 1.78 atm?

A)162 °C
B)-52 °C
C)221 °C
D)26 °C

Question 45

Helium (He)is used to fill balloons and is stored in a metal cylinder with pressure gauges on the top. For each of the following changes,fill the blank with one of the following terms to describe what happens to the pressure reading on the gauge.
The cylinder was moved from the basement of the building to the fourth floor. The pressure reading _______________________.

Question 46

Helium (He)is used to fill balloons and is stored in a metal cylinder with pressure gauges on the top. For each of the following changes,fill the blank with one of the following terms to describe what happens to the pressure reading on the gauge.
The 175 g of He was added to the cylinder. The pressure reading ______________________.

Question 47

Convert 0.917 atm to millibars.

A)697 millibars
B)929 millibars
C)523 millibars
D)1.223 millibars

Question 48

Helium (He)is used to fill balloons and is stored in a metal cylinder with pressure gauges on the top. For each of the following changes,fill the blank with one of the following terms to describe what happens to the pressure reading on the gauge.
Four balloons are filled from the cylinder. The pressure reading _______________________.

Question 49

Filling the blank with the appropriate term from the list below.
Charles's
Boyle's
Guy-Lussac's
Combined Gas
A sample of helium gas is 1.00 atm. If you change the temperature of the sample from 40°C to 110°C and decrease the volume of the container, the resulting pressure can be calculated using ____________________ law.

Question 50

A sample of nitrogen occupies a volume of 543 mL at 30°C and 772 torr. If the temperature is constant, what will be the pressure if the volume changes to 375 mL?

A)533 torr
B) torr
C) torr
D)375 torr

Question 51

In the following sentences,fill in the blanks with the appropriate terms from the list below.
high
low
electrolyte
nonelectrolyte
ion-ion attraction
dipole-dipole attraction
hydrogen bond
dispersion force
_______________________is the type of force present between the particles shown in the image.

Question 52

Filling the blank with the appropriate term from the list below.
Charles's
Boyle's
Guy-Lussac's
Combined Gas
The effect of increasing the temperature on the volume of a gas can be calculated by using _________law.

Question 53

The boiling point of the substance shown below will be ______________________ when compared to that of substance in the image. .

Question 54

Filling the blank with the appropriate term from the list below.
Charles's
Boyle's
Guy-Lussac's
Combined Gas
The variation in pressure with temperature is defined by ____________________law.

Question 55

An expandable plastic container contains 255 mL of nitrogen gas at 25°C and 688 torr. What is the volume of the container at 47°C and 489 torr?

A)385 mL
B)169 mL
C)195 mL
D)334 mL
E)341 mL

Question 56

Helium (He)is used to fill balloons and is stored in a metal cylinder with pressure gauges on the top. For each of the following changes,fill the blank with one of the following terms to describe what happens to the pressure reading on the gauge.
Sun shines on the cylinder and warms it, the pressure reading________________________.

Question 57

Air pressure can be expressed in which of the following units?

A)atmosphere
B)pascal
C)torr
D)any of these

Question 58

Filling the blank with the appropriate term from the list below.
Charles's
Boyle's
Guy-Lussac's
Combined Gas
The following equation is an expression of ______________ law.

Question 59

The use of the energy in food by the body to cause a muscle to contract is an example of

A)conversion of heat energy into potential energy.
B)conversion of kinetic energy into potential energy.
C)conversion of potential energy into kinetic energy.
D)conversion of kinetic energy into heal energy.

Question 60

Helium (He)is used to fill balloons and is stored in a metal cylinder with pressure gauges on the top. For each of the following changes,fill the blank with one of the following terms to describe what happens to the pressure reading on the gauge.
The cylinder was not secured and fell over, producing a sizable dent in the side. The pressure reading ____________________.

Question 61

When you inhale and exhale does your rib cage raise or lower? Why?

Question 62

Consider the image given below of a pair of ammonia molecules.Complete the following sentences using the appropriate terms listed below.
covalent bond
hydrogen bond
ion-dipole attraction
donor
acceptor
The lower middle hydrogen atom in the upper left ammonia molecule could be a hydrogen bond _____________________.

Question 63

Consider the following three substances.
Enter the letter of the appropriate substance in the blank provided.If none applies,enter the word none.
The substance capable of hydrogen bonding is _____.

Question 64

Consider the following three substances.
Enter the letter of the appropriate substance in the blank provided.If none applies,enter the word none.
Substance____can function as a hydrogen bond acceptor but not a hydrogen bond donor.

Question 65

Consider the image given below of a pair of ammonia molecules.Complete the following sentences using the appropriate terms listed below.
covalent bond
hydrogen bond
ion-dipole attraction
donor
acceptor
The dashed line in the figure represents a__________________.

Question 66

What is the specific heat of a substance if it requires 475 cal to raise the temperature of a 67-gram sample from 25°C to 43°C?

Question 67

Consider the image given below of a pair of ammonia molecules.Complete the following sentences using the appropriate terms listed below.
covalent bond
hydrogen bond
ion-dipole attraction
donor
acceptor
Each solid line in the figure represents a_______________________.

Question 68

Consider the image given below of a pair of ammonia molecules.Complete the following sentences using the appropriate terms listed below.
covalent bond
hydrogen bond
ion-dipole attraction
donor
acceptor
The nitrogen atom in the lower right ammonia molecule is a hydrogen bond _____________________.

Question 69

The volume of a gas in the upper atmosphere needs to be calculated. If the temperature is -41°C, what numerical value should be used in the calculation?

Question 70

Consider the following three substances.
Enter the letter of the appropriate substance in the blank provided.If none applies,enter the word none.
Substance _____ would form a heterogeneous mixture with water.

Question 71

A gas cylinder contains three gases:
oxygen, nitrogen, and helium. The partial pressure of oxygen is 4.7 psi and the partial pressure of nitrogen is 3.0 psi. If the reading on the pressure gauge is as shown below. What is the partial pressure of the He?

Question 72

Consider the following three substances.
Enter the letter of the appropriate substance in the blank provided.If none applies,enter the word none.
Substance(s) that _____ is(are) soluble in water.

Question 73

A convenient reference set of conditions for gases is STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure). There conditions are defined as exactly 0°C and 1.00 atm. If a sample of a gas have a volume of 2.57 L at a temperature of 27°C and 1.25 atm. What is the volume of this gas at STP?