Deck 15: Human Development: Language and Cognitive Development in Childhood

Question 1

Babies begin to coo

A)from birth on.
B)around six to eight weeks of age.
C)around six months of age.
D)around nine months of age.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Consonants first enter a child's language when the child begins

A)babbling.
B)cooing.
C)the single-word stage.
D)the telegraphic stage.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Your child has just begun saying "No!" and "Mine!" frequently and is exhibiting temper tantrums.Your child is

A)babbling.
B)mimicking you.
C)showing behavior typical of the terrible twos.
D)showing arrested language and psychosocial development.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Ernesto knows more than 100 words,which he uses one word at a time.He is probably old.

A)six to eight weeks
B)seven months
C)one year
D)18 months to two years

Question 5

Tiana is four weeks old and will use which of the following to gain attention from her parents at this age?

A)cooing
B)babbling
C)crying
D)holophrases

Question 6

Your baby is about two months old and is repeating vowel sounds,such as saying "oo" over and over while you are holding her.She is

A)babbling.
B)telegraphing.
C)cooing.
D)delayed.

Question 7

The normal order of language development in infancy is

A)cooing,crying,babbling,telegraphic speech,and single-word.
B)crying,cooing,babbling,single-word,and telegraphic speech.
C)cooing,babbling,crying,and telegraphic speech.
D)telegraphic crying,cooing,babbling,and elemental speech.

Question 8

Derrick is seven months old has begun to use the consonant sounds of b,d,m,and g in combination with vowel sounds,such as saying "ba­ba­ba." Derrick has entered the language stage known as

A)babbling.
B)cooing.
C)the single-word stage.
D)turn-taking.

Question 9

Children normally begin to say their first word and make connections between words and objects at about __________ months.

A)six
B)12
C)18
D)24

Question 10

Brett's speaking vocabulary includes more than 4,000 words,and he is able to understand more than twice that many.He is most likely

A)about two.
B)about three.
C)in preschool.
D)in first grade.

Question 11

Peter is sitting on the floor playing when he waves to his daddy and says "Go bye­bye." He then calls to his cat,"Here Kitty," and later asks his mother for a cookie by saying,"Want cookie." Peter is exhibiting

A)cooing.
B)telegraphic speech.
C)the single-word stage.
D)babbling.

Question 12

The repetition by infants of meaningless language sounds (including both vowel and consonant sounds)is called

A)babbling.
B)cooing.
C)telegraphic speech.
D)crying.

Question 13

Regarding language development,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Both nature and nurture provide a foundation for language learning.
B)Language is closely tied to maturation.
C)Parents can tell if an infant is hungry,angry,or in pain from the tone of the crying.
D)At four to five months of age,babies begin cooing.

Question 14

Regarding early language development,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)By one month of age,infants are using crying to gain attention.
B)Babies begin cooing around six to eight weeks of age.
C)Cooing is the repetition of consonant and vowel sounds.
D)When it first appears,babbling involves the same sounds for infants around the world.

Question 15

Babies begin to babble

A)from birth on.
B)around six to eight weeks of age.
C)around seven months of age.
D)around one year of age.

Question 16

Telegraphic speech refers to

A)the single-word stage of language learning.
B)the continuous outpouring of meaningless vowel and consonant sounds.
C)words that communicate only part of an idea.
D)simple two-word sentences characteristic of early speech.

Question 17

Grant is sitting in his high chair calling to his dog,"Here Dog." He then turns to his mother and says,"Want juice." Grant is exhibiting

A)cooing.
B)telegraphic speech.
C)the single-word stage.
D)babbling.

Question 18

At 20 months,Katy says "pah-getty" (spaghetti)whenever she wants to eat and says "milk" when she wants something to drink.She also calls her mother "Mama" and her father "Dada" and her cat "Kitty." Katy is most likely in the which stage of language development?

A)cooing
B)babbling
C)telegraphic
D)single-word

Question 19

Keri is beginning to respond to real words,such as "no" and "hi,"addresses her parents as "Mama" and "Dada," and is making her first connections between words and objects.Kerri is most likely months old.

A)six
B)nine
C)12
D)18

Question 20

Connie is 20 months old and is able to point and name several objects,such as "ball," "doggie," and "cookie" and says "go" and "play." Connie is most likely in which stage of language development?

A)cooing
B)babbling
C)telegraphic
D)single-word

Question 21

Through such games as "I'm­Going­To­Get­You," adults and babies come to share similar rhythms and expectations that help to create a system that includes touching,vocalizing,gazing,and smiling,which are referred to as shared

A)signals.
B)transformations.
C)telegraphic speech.
D)semantics.

Question 22

According to Chomsky,children around the world use a limited number of patterns in their first sentences,which strongly suggests that language patterns must be

A)inborn.
B)learned through parental interactions with the child.
C)related to the intelligence of the child.
D)prelinguistic.

Question 23

Eighteen-month-old Marty is pointing at objects in the park and trying to name them.His mother praises him for his correct labeling,and she tells Marty the correct name for objects he mislabels.This scene illustrates the importance of which of the following in language acquisition?

A)the language dance
B)maturation
C)biological predisposition
D)learning

Question 24

Which of the following observations is cited to support the idea that language is learned?

A)Babies in all cultures communicate first by crying,then cooing,then babbling.
B)Parents and children communicate with shared signals before language appears.
C)Children around the world use a limited number of patterns in their first sentences.
D)Telegraphic speech occurs in every culture.

Question 25

Concerning language development,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Imitation of adults and rewards for correctly using words are an important part of language learning.
B)Babies actively participate in language learning by asking questions,such as "What dis?"
C)Parents and children begin to communicate long before the child can speak.
D)Noam Chomsky overestimated the importance of learning and social contexts in language and underestimated the innate quality of language.

Question 26

When a toddler is in the stage called the terrible twos,his or her typical behavior would best be described as

A)oppositional.
B)passive.
C)compliant.
D)submissive.

Question 27

Which of the following observations supports the innate explanation for language and does NOT support the idea that language is learned?

A)Children imitate words spoken by adults.
B)Children are rewarded for correctly using words.
C)Children around the world use a limited number of patterns in their first sentences.
D)When a child makes a language error,parents make needed corrections or ask a clarifying question to draw the child's attention to the error.

Question 28

Concerning language development,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)The idea that language is learned is supported by the fact that children around the world use a limited number of patterns in their first sentences.
B)The typical patterns of children's first sentences include identification,nonexistence,possession,agent­ action,negation,and question.
C)A readiness to interact socially with parents may be as important as innate language recognition to language development.
D)Noam Chomsky overestimated the innate quality of language and underestimated the importance of learning.

Question 29

A specialist in the psychology of language is a

A)parapsychologist.
B)phrenologist.
C)psycholinguist.
D)graphologist.

Question 30

Identification,nonexistence,possession,agent-action,negation,and questions are the

A)stages of early language development.
B)typical patterns of children's first sentences.
C)stages of cognitive development.
D)typical patterns of one's personality development.

Question 31

According to Chomsky,humans develop language because they have a

A)perceptual set.
B)telegraphic readiness.
C)learning set.
D)biological predisposition.

Question 32

Jay is 26 months old,and his favorite word is "No." Although he knows what his parents want him to do (or not do), Jay seems to take delight in doing the opposite.Jay is exhibiting

A)the precursor to a conduct disorder.
B)attention deficit disorder.
C)the effect of the withdrawal of love technique.
D)normal independent behavior for a child of this age.

Question 33

Two­year­old Mark is looking for his toy.His mother finds one of his cars and hands it to Mark.He says,"Not ball," meaning the car is not what he wanted.According to Noam Chomsky,Mark is exhibiting which pattern of speech?

A)identification
B)command
C)negation
D)possession

Question 34

At what age do children become increasingly capable of mischief and temper tantrums as well as showing their independence by refusing to obey their parents' demands even though they understand what their parents want them to do?

A)nine months of age
B)12 months of age
C)two years of age
D)four years of age

Question 35

Two­year­old Teshonda is eating her breakfast and tells her mother,"All gone milk."According to Noam Chomsky, Teshonda is exhibiting which pattern of speech?

A)identification
B)nonexistence
C)negation
D)agent-action

Question 36

Alicia's mother asks Alicia to put her blocks away.Alicia responds,"No,me play." Observing this,we might guess that Alicia

A)is approximately a year old.
B)is experiencing the terrible twos.
C)has progressed to the threatening threes.
D)has not as yet mastered telegraphic speech.

Question 37

Two­year­old Shun is watching his mother putting the groceries away.When he sees the juice,he says,"Mama give," indicating that he wants some juice.According to Noam Chomsky,Shun is exhibiting which pattern of speech?

A)identification
B)possession
C)question
D)agent-action

Question 38

Which linguist claimed that humans have a biological predisposition to develop language?

A)Erik Erikson
B)Konrad Lorenz
C)Noam Chomsky
D)Jean Piaget

Question 39

Two-year-old Marian and her mother are at the park.People nearby hear Marian talking to her mother,"See birdie," "Want cookie," and "My ball." According to Noam Chomsky,Marian is exhibiting

A)the identification,agent-action,and possessive patterns of speech.
B)the question,command,and ownership patterns of speech.
C)negation behavior speech patterns.
D)babbling.

Question 40

Dr.Jones is a psychologist who specializes in the psychology of language and language development.Dr.Jones would be referred to as a

A)psycholinguist.
B)paralanguage specialist.
C)parapsychologist.
D)phrenologist.

Question 41

A pattern of conversational interaction between parent and infant that involves alternate sending and receiving of messages is referred to as

A)turn-taking.
B)imprinting.
C)presemantics.
D)transformation.

Question 42

In early language development,any behaviors,such as touching,vocalizing,gazing,or smiling,that allow non-verbal interaction and turn-taking between parent and child are known as shared

A)signals.
B)semantics.
C)telegraphic speech.
D)transformations.

Question 43

Concerning language development,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)The first seven years of life are a sensitive period in language development.
B)Environmental forces influence whether a person develops simple or sophisticated language.
C)A biological predisposition determines if we will speak English,Vietnamese,Spanish,or Russian.
D)As a child's speaking improves,parents tend to adjust their speech to the child's language ability.

Question 44

Regarding early language development,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Six-week-old babies will change their gaze at an adult's face when the adult's speech changes.
B)Infants as young as four months can engage in vocal turn-taking with adults.
C)The more children interact with parents,the faster they learn to talk and the faster they learn thinking abilities.
D)The interchanges between parents and infants under ten months of age do not represent real communication.

Question 45

When parents around the world use a high-pitched,rising melody,they are

A)warning their baby.
B)comforting their baby.
C)calling attention to objects.
D)praising their baby.

Question 46

When parents around the world use a rising,then falling pitch,they are

A)warning their baby.
B)comforting their baby.
C)calling attention to objects.
D)praising their baby.

Question 47

When parents around the world use a short,sharp rhythm,they are

A)warning their baby.
B)comforting their baby.
C)calling attention to objects.
D)praising their baby.

Question 48

Parentese helps parents to do all of the following EXCEPT

A)discourage egocentric speech.
B)get babies' attention.
C)communicate with their babies.
D)teach their babies language.

Question 49

Regarding parentese,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Mothers of all nations talk to their babies with similar changes in pitch.
B)Warnings are delivered in a short,sharp rhythm.
C)Mothers praise their babies using low,smooth,drawn-out tones.
D)Mothers use a high-pitched,rising melody to call attention to objects.

Question 50

Which of the following would be considered a signal in early language development?

A)audition
B)tasting
C)visualizations
D)touching

Question 51

Jimmy is trying to get his infant son's attention.So,he talks in a higher pitched voice and repeats short simple sentences like,"Daddy's big boy." Jimmy is using

A)telegraphic speech.
B)parentese.
C)transformations.
D)syntactical expressions.

Question 52

Learned knowledge and skills are called intelligence.

A)practical
B)fluid
C)crystallized
D)experiential

Question 53

In talking to an infant,an adult may use exaggerated or musical voice inflections during a type of speech known as

A)semantic transformations.
B)phonetic prompting.
C)parentese or motherese.
D)syntactical expressions.

Question 54

Infants have a remarkable capability for rapid learning,which is referred to as intelligence.

A)practical
B)fluid
C)crystallized
D)experiential

Question 55

Becoming fluent in a foreign language requires intelligence.

A)practical
B)fluid
C)performance
D)divergent

Question 56

Parents around the world use low,smooth,drawn-out tones to

A)praise the baby.
B)call attention to objects.
C)comfort the baby.
D)warn the baby.

Question 57

Regarding parentese,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)By four months of age,babies prefer parentese over normal speech.
B)When a baby is still babbling,parents tend to use long,adult-style sentences.
C)Parents begin using parentese more frequently after the baby says its first word.
D)The melodies,pauses,and inflections of parentese tend to differ from country to country and culture to culture.

Question 58

A pattern of speech used when talking to infants that is characterized by the parent using a higher-pitched voice;short,simpler sentences;and an exaggerated inflection is known as

A)transformations.
B)telegraphic speech.
C)syntactical expression.
D)parentese or motherese.

Question 59

If a two­year­old says,"Water go," and the parent responds with either "Where did the water go"or "Yes,the water goes down the drain," the parent is

A)using the linguistic strategy of "Q­and­A."
B)seeking to clarify what was said and prompt the child to say more.
C)using language irregularities.
D)using telegraphic speech to expand the child's conversational style.

Question 60

Parents typically switch to parentese when their child

A)begins cooing.
B)begins babbling.
C)says his or her first word.
D)makes a pronunciation error.

Question 61

Little Benjamin is taken for a drive in the country.He sees his first live horse in a field,points,and calls out,"Horse!" Benjamin has already seen horses on television and even has a stuffed toy horse.In this case,he adds this new experience to his existing concept of horse.Piaget would say that Benjamin is using

A)assimilation.
B)accommodation.
C)conservation.
D)object permanence.

Question 62

Piaget believed that intellect grew through the processes of

A)assimilation and accommodation.
B)scaffolding and intuition.
C)developmental tasks and psychosocial dilemmas.
D)conservation and generativity.

Question 63

Piaget is best known for studying

A)language development.
B)sexual development.
C)social development.
D)cognitive development.

Question 64

When people modify their existing mental patterns to fit new requirements,they are exhibiting

A)assimilation.
B)accommodation.
C)egocentrism.
D)conservation.

Question 65

Videotapes of babies confirm that they imitate adult facial gestures while they can see them.Biopsychologists would explain that this imitation is due to the action of the

A)amygdala.
B)pons.
C)mirror neurons.
D)reticular formation.

Question 66

When the mother is standing over the crib where the infant is,Jerome Bruner observed that the three to eight- week­old baby will become agitated and begin to cry if the infant hears the mothers' voice coming from a loudspeaker rather than from the mother's mouth.This illustrates that babies

A)are startled by loud noises.
B)have more acute vision than was previously thought.
C)seem to understand that a person's voice and body should be connected.
D)are unable to localize and predict where sounds should come from.

Question 67

A child's intelligence,thinking,and understanding of the world differs from an adult's in that

A)a child's thinking is more abstract.
B)a child uses more generalizations and principles.
C)a child uses particular examples and objects they can see or touch.
D)intelligence is crystallized in children and fluid in adults.

Question 68

A child has learned to get his or her way with a younger sibling by using physical intimidation.If he or she uses the same tactics on peers,this demonstrates

A)transformation.
B)classical conditioning.
C)assimilation.
D)accommodation.

Question 69

Little Benjamin goes to the zoo with his mother,where he sees his first zebra.Proudly,he exclaims,"Horse!" His mother replies,"No dear,that's a zebra." Benjamin will have to modify his concept of horse to "horses don't have black and white stripes." By learning that a zebra is different from a horse,Benjamin is exhibiting which of the following processes,according to Piaget?

A)assimilation
B)accommodation
C)conservation
D)object permanence

Question 70

Regarding intellectual development,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)From an evolutionary perspective,a baby's mind is designed to soak up information.
B)The ability to imitate aids rapid learning in infancy.
C)Learned knowledge and skills are referred to as fluid intelligence,while rapid learning is called crystallized intelligence.
D)By age 83,people tend to find it much harder to learn new skills,such as becoming fluent in a second language,and tend to rely much more on what they already know.

Question 71

Infants can imitate actions one day after seeing them as early as age

A)20 days
B)eight weeks
C)six months
D)nine months

Question 72

A child and her father are walking.The child knows there are such things as birds but has never seen a bluebird before.Upon seeing one,she says,"See the birdie," and her father replies,"Yes,that's a bluebird." This example demonstrates

A)assimilation.
B)accommodation.
C)conservation.
D)object permanence.

Question 73

When children learn the alphabet and how to count to 20,they are exhibiting intelligence.

A)practical
B)fluid
C)crystallized
D)experiential

Question 74

Using existing patterns of behavior in new situations is called

A)assimilation.
B)adaptation.
C)accommodation.
D)conservation.

Question 75

When we say a child's thinking is less abstract than an adult's,we mean that

A)children use more examples and generalizations.
B)children use more principles,but require fewer generalizations.
C)children use fewer generalizations,categories,and principles.
D)adults base their understanding of the world more on particular examples and tangible sensations.

Question 76

According to Meltzoff's research,infants as young as what age can imitate an adult sticking out his or her tongue?

A)20 days
B)eight weeks
C)six months
D)nine months

Question 77

A child and her father are walking.The child knows there are such things as birds.Upon seeing a butterfly,she says,"See the birdie," and her father replies,"No,that's a butterfly;see how small it is." The child learns about butterflies.This example demonstrates

A)assimilation.
B)accommodation.
C)conservation.
D)object permanence.

Question 78

Regarding the intellectual development of infants,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)During the first months of life,babies are able to learn from what they see,make predictions,and search for explanations.
B)Babies as young as eight weeks can imitate actions a day after seeing them.
C)Three­ to eight­week­old babies seem to understand that a person's voice and body should be connected.
D)Although infants have not yet developed crystallized intelligence,they do have a remarkable capability for rapid learning,or fluid intelligence.

Question 79

Regarding the intellectual development of infants,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Videotapes of 20-day-old infants confirm that they can imitate adult facial gestures while they can see them.
B)As early as nine months of age,infants can remember and imitate actions a day after seeing the actions.
C)Three­ to eight­week­old babies seem to understand that a person's voice and body should be connected.
D)Although young infants have not yet developed fluid intelligence,they do have a remarkable capability for crystallized intelligence.

Question 80

Assimilation and accommodation are central to whose theory of development?

A)Sigmund Freud
B)Jean Piaget
C)Ivan Pavlov
D)Erik Erikson